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World War I
The Cause
The Effectand
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Imperialism •Imperialism
caused competition among European rulers who wanted to gain more power•Many ethnic groups often had very little say in their government’s decisions.
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Militarism • By the time World War I began, most European countries had built up large armies.
• Many leaders believed that force (or even just the threat of force) was the most effective way to achieve their goals.
• If one country mobilized their armies, others responded with similar actions.
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Nationalism
•Love for one’s country
•Shifted from love for one’s community, tribe, or cultural group
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Alliances• Central powers:
Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria
• Triple Entante: Russia, France, and Great Britain. Later agreements would be made with Japan, America, and Spain.
Gre
at B
ritain
Central Powers
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Triple Entante:Russia,
France, and Great Britain
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Pre-War Europe
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Serbia • Serbia gained independence from the Ottoman Empire at the Congress of Berlin in 1878
• Serbia wanted to gain two territories
• Austria-Hungary took territory
• Russia and Great Britain supported Serbia
• Germany supported Austria-Hungary
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Assassination!
Assassination of Arch Duke Franz
Ferdinand on June 28, 1914
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The Assassi
n• Gavrilo Princip, 19 year old Serbian nationalist
• Tried to commit suicide
• Was imprisoned but died from TB and infection from arm amputation
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The Ultimatum• Austria-Hungary sent
Serbia an ultimatum• 1.) Serbian troops must
be suppressed• 2.) Dismiss all teachers
and books that didn’t support A.H.
• 3.)Dismiss gov. officials that spoke against A.H.
• 4.)A.H. officials must participate in assassination trial.
King Franz Josef
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The Mechanism of War
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The Red BaronManfred
von Richthofe
n
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Toxic Gas
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Gassed by John Singer Sargent
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Trenches• The armies set
themselves up in trenches along the battle line
• Life was very difficult in the trenches
• Disease, rats, trench foot, etc.
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Uncle
Sam
and
Brita
nnia
U.S. entered WWI on April 6, 1917 by declaring war on Germany
December, 1917the U.S. declared waron Austria-Hungary
America Joins Allies
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Human Losses• World War I casualties-
approximately 41 million: 21 million
killed and 20 million wounded.
• This includes 9.7 million military deaths and about 10 million civilian deaths.
• Entente Powers lost more than 5 million and the Central powers more than 4 million
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Influenza Pandemic of 1918 and 1919
• Death toll for the epidemic was numbered at around 20 million, now believed at 50 million world- wide
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Roaring 20’s