Download - World War I (American History)
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WWI
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WWI Begins
• At the start of Wilson declared that the US would be neutral during the war
• Because of trade neutrality was a hard thing to keep, and the Allied Powers soon benefited from US resources
• Soon Germany began to attack ships traveling between Europe and North America, with their new invention the submarine
• Most Americans saw the sinking of civilian merchant ships as an outrage and a violation of the rules of war
• May 7, 1915 a German U-Boat sank the Lusitania killing 128 Americans, which prompted protests in the US, which caused Germany to change its tactics
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• January 1917 Germany resumed unrestricted submarine warfare and Wilson broke off diplomacy with Germany
• February the British government reveled through the Zimmerman Telegram that Germany was trying to get Mexico to attack the US, in exchange for the former Mexican territory
• End of 1917 Wilson asked congress to declare war on Germany, thus beginning WWI for the United States
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WWI Battles
• In 1917 the Selective Service Act was formed which instituted the draft
• 2 million men would serve in the American Expeditionary Force, under the command of Gen. John J. Pershing
• Most of the AEF would see combat on the Western Front
• Most of the AEF that were sent over were untrained and made little contributions to the war effort.
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• In 1918 the stalemate that had taken place since 1914 was over when Germany was freed from fighting the Russians on the Eastern Front
• In September of 1918 the AEF took on two major offensives to drive the Germans back.
• AEF declared victory in October after breaking through the Germany line
• By the end of 1919 Germany was forced to sign the peace armistices
• American causalities were over 320,00o and more than 112,000 killed
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WWI Ends
• Paris Peace Conference 1919 brought the UK, France, Italy, and US together to decided the fate of Europe
• Purpose of the conference: negotiate a peace treaty with Germany and to draw boundaries for new countries
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• The Treaty of Versailles was signed June 28, 1919 ending WWI
• Versailles included President Wilson’s provisions to establish the League of Nations (early form of the United Nations)
• The end of World War I saw the rise of several newly formed nations within Europe; including Poland
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The Treaty of Versailles
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The Punishment for Germany
• Germany had to accept total blame for the war
• Germany had to pay war reparations ($300 Billion)
• Germany downsized army and gave up their navy
• Germany gave up their colonial holdings, which were divided up amongst the allies.
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Other Territorial Changes
• Austria-Hungary divided up into four separate nations
• Five other independent nations were established out of parts of Germany
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An International Organization Established
• The League of Nations & World Court are formed
• The League were suppose to work together to stop international aggression
• The World Court was set up to mediate disputes between countries.
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Issues not Covered by the Treaty of Versailles
• US President Wilson wanted open negotiations and elimination of secret treaties
• No mention of the rights of neutrals at sea or freedom of the seas
• Free trade was largely ignored and tariffs left enacted
• No other country was ordered to reduce their army or armaments except for Germany