FIVE MAJOR COLONIAL POWERS• Great Britain• France• Portugal • Belgium • Germany• In addition to these, there was
Spain, Italy and the Dutch.
BASIC REASONS FOR EUROPEAN COLONIZATION OF AFRICA
• Geo-Strategic: Since Africa was being colonized it was important that the _____________________________
• Religious: Colonization was done on ___________• Bringing ____________ to the “heathen”
Africans
BASIC REASONS FOR EUROPEAN COLONIZATION OF AFRICA
• Mercantilist: __________ was available for the taking
• Economic: harvesting the _________________for European good (linked to mercantilist)• Provide a boost to the sagging economies of
Europe as well as provide markets for manufactured goods• ______________________________
IndustrialRevolution
Source forRaw
Materials
Markets forFinishedGoods
EuropeanNationalism
MissionaryActivity
Military& NavalBases
EuropeanMotives
For Colonization
Places toDump Unwanted/Excess Population
Soc. & Eco.Opportunities
HumanitarianReasons
EuropeanRacism
“WhiteMan’sBurden”
SocialDarwinism
BERLIN CONFERENCEImpact of ColonialismForeign domination of a territory
Berlin Conference (1884-1885) Occurred during the New Imperialism periodAlso called the ‘Scramble for Africa’Initial interest trade routes of the Congo and Nigeria Rivers Neutral areas for trade
RESULTS: BERLIN CONFERENCE
(1884-1885) • Powers could only ____________if they
maintained sufficient authority to administer and defend them;
• Niger and Congo rivers were ____________________; the ___________was the private property of the Congo Society;
• Any new act of possession along the African coast would not be recognized unless reported to the other signatory powers. • The phrase_____________ made its first
appearance in an international agreement.
EXAMPLE -- RWANDACastes – Hutus, Tutsi
Belgians ruled through TutsiHutus gained autonomy after Belgian release
Fight for more autonomy – militant1959 groundwork for 1994 1994~800,000 Tutsi people killed10,000-30,000 Hutus killed too