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World HistoryChapter 6E
Rome and the Roots of Western Civilization
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The Legacy of Greco-Roman Civilization
• Romans were proud of their ability to rule, but they realized the Greeks led in the fields of art, architecture, literature, and philosophy.
• The mixture of Greek, Hellenistic, and Roman cultures produced a new culture called Greco-Roman culture. It is also called Classical Civilization.
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Parthenon
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Roman Fine Arts
• Roman art was practical in its purpose• Bas-relief was a Roman type of sculpture.
This art is where images project from a flat background.
• Roman artists were experts at creating mosaics. These mosaics were located in public places and especially in Roman villas (Pompeii).
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Bas-relief
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Roman Mosaic
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Continued
Roman artists were also skilled at mural painting and these were called frescoes
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Learning and Literature
• Romans followed the philosophy of Stoicism which encouraged virtue, duty, moderation, and endurance.
• Marcus Aurelius was the last of the “Good Emperors” and he was also a Stoic philosopher.
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Marcus Aurelius
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Continued
• The poet Virgil wrote The Aeneid which was modeled after the Greek epics by Homer.
• Ovid wrote poetry for enjoyment.• Livy and Tacitus were excellent writers of
history.
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Virgil
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Roman Achievements
• Latin was the language of learning well into the second half of the 20th century.
• Roman architecture was admired all over the ancient world. The dome, the Roman arch, and concrete were great Roman achievements.
• Roman law was Rome’s most lasting and widespread legacy. These laws were based on common sense and practical ideas.
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Pantheon
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Aqueducts-Roman Arch