Download - Wireless Sensor Networks Using ZIGBEE
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Wireless Sensor Networks
Using ZIGBEE
Submitted By
Kasif AliElectronics & Comm. Engineering
Engineering College Bikaner
Bikaner - Rajasthan
Contents
Applications
Overview of IEEE 802.15.4
Overview of ZigBee
Typical Wireless Sensor Hardware
Advantages of Wireless Sensors
Introduction
Introduction
A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of spatially distributed autonomous sensors to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion or pollutants and to cooperatively pass their data through the network to a main location.
The WSN is built of "nodes“.
Each such sensor network node has typically several parts: a radio transceiver with an internal antenna or connection to an external antenna, a microcontroller, an electronic circuit for interfacing with the sensors and an energy source, usually a battery or an embedded form of energy harvesting
Advantages of Wireless Sensors
Traditional Sensing Method
Sensors do not have computation ability Sensors do not communicate
Advantages of Wireless Sensors
WSN Sensing Method
Now, sensors become sensor nodes Nodes process information and communicate it wirelessly
collected information
Sensor
Power Supply
Communication
Typical Wireless Sensor Hardware
Power Supply
Radio Transceiver
Microcontroller
Sensor
Typical Wireless Sensor Hardware
Microcontroller
Contains CPU, Memory and Peripherals on same chip Typically 8-bit or 16-bit Operate at less than 20MHz Memory less than 128kB Low power consumption to ensure long run times
Typical Wireless Sensor Hardware
Radio Transceiver
Typically operate in the ISM bands Use various modulation techniques
QPSK, BFSK, GFSK
Low Output Power 0dBm or 1mw Low Range around 10-300 feet
Typical Wireless Sensor Hardware
Sensors
Temperature Humidity Atmospheric Pressure Light Acceleration ( Accelerometer ) Angular Rate ( Gyroscope) Strain
Overview of ZIGBEE
Zigbee is a technology developed as a global standard to comply with the needs of low cost and low power wireless networks.
It has been designed with the facility to be able to provide an easy to use wireless solution which creates a secure and reliable network.
Ability to support multiple network functions like the point to point or multipoint to point and also the mesh networks as well.
It has the direct sequence spread spectrum as well. It also has the ability to run for years without any kind of
maintenance and with an automatic meter reading.
Why ZIGBEE ?
Regulated by the ZigBee
AllianceTopologies supported are Star,
Mesh and Cluster
Tree
simpler and less
expensive than
BluetoothHandles aspects such as
messaging, configuration, security and
application profile layers
Zigbee Device Classes
•Most capable device•Forms the root of the network tree•Acts as repository for security keys
Zigbee Coordinator
(ZC)
Zigbee Coordinator
(ZC)
Contains just enough functionality to talk to its parent node either ZC or ZR
Zigbee End
Device (ZED)
Zigbee End
Device (ZED)
Can pass data from one device to another
Zigbee Router (ZR)
Zigbee Router (ZR)
How ZigBee Works
-Active-Sleep
Full Function Devices(FFD’s)Reduced Function Devices (RFD’s)
- Beacon- Non-beacon
States of operation Devices
Modes of operation
Overview of IEEE 802.15.4
Part of the 802.15 wireless PAN standard Specifies the PHY and MAC layers Created for low data rate and multi-month or
multi-year battery life Targeted Applications
Sensors Interactive Toys Smart Badges Remote Controls Home Automation
Overview of IEEE 802.15.4
16 Channels in 2.4GHz band – 250kbps
DSSS used in all bands
2.4GHz band uses O-QPSK modulation
CSMA-CA channel access
Two addressing modes supported
IEEE 802.15.4 SpecificationsIEEE 802.15.4 Specifications
Wireless Technology Comparison
Standard Bandwidth Power
Consumption
Protocol Stack Size
Stronghold
Wi-Fi Up to 54Mbps
400+mA TX
Sleep 20mA
100+KB High Data Rate
Bluetooth 1Mbps 40mA TX
Sleep .2mA
100+KB Interoperability
Cable Replacement
Zigbee 250kbps 30mA TX
Sleep .003mA
32KB Long Battery Life, Low cost
Applications
Applications
HVAC SystemsAgricultural
Home Automation
Structural Monitoring ( Bridges, Buildings)
Monitoring condition of Machinery
Area Monitoring
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