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WINLAB IAB MeetingJune 10, 2005
Rutgers, The State University of New Jerseywww.winlab.rutgers.edu
Contact: Professor D. Raychaudhuri, [email protected]
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WINLAB STATUS UPDATE
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WINLAB Status Update
WINLAB activity snapshot as of Spring 2005:~25 faculty/staff (15 academic faculty + 10 research staff/adjunct faculty)~45 graduate students~14 companies in corporate sponsor program25,000 sq-ft in facilities, including new Tech Center II building
Industry funding ~$1M (including both annual sponsorship and focus projects)$3M+ federal research funding, mostly from NSF~$500K in NJ State + Rutgers funding (...RU portion increasing in FY05)Total funding level ~$4.5M in FY’04 (...300% increase over FY’01)
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Status Update: Faculty List 6/05Radio Resource
Management &
Wireless Systems
Radio/ Modem Technology
Mobile Network Architecture &
Protocols
Sensor Nets& Pervasive Computing
Y. LuM. BushnellB. Ackland1
P. SpasojevicL. GreensteinR. Rajnarayan (Research Engineer) K. Wine (Research Engineer)
P. Henry (AT&T Labs)*
Students:PhD – 5MS – 3
R. YatesC. RoseN. MandayamD. FrenkielZ. Gajic
L. Razoumov (Intel)*
Students:PhD – 10MS – 4
D. RaychaudhuriW. TrappeI. Seskar (Assoc Dir IT)R. Siracusa (Research Specialist)1
M. Ott1R. Howard1
S. Paul (Edgix)*H. Liu (Thomson)*A. Acharya (IBM)*
M. GruteserB. NathH. HirshM. ParasharY. ZhangR. Martin
* Adjunct Prof1 Part-time position
Students:PhD – 8MS – 6
Students:PhD – 3MS – 4
3/05
9/04
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Status Update: Sponsor ProgramCurrently ~13 sponsor companies
Recently added 1 new sponsor: US Army CECOMTarget no more than ~10-15 companies, with close engagement
~2-3 industry focus projects currently in progressMIMO Infostations (STTR for ARL)3G Security (NICT, Japan)Carrier ad-hoc networks (under discussion with NTT DoCoMo)
Increasing collaboration with sponsors on large Govt proposalsNSF MIMO project (DAPHNE) - LucentORBIT wireless networking testbed – Thomson, Lucent, IBMCognitive radio algorithms and hardware – Lucent
More joint proposals with sponsor/partner companies on key topicsCognitive radio – Philips, GNU Radio, RaytheonPervasive computing, sensor systems – TBD
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Status Update: Industry Sponsors 6/05
*
*Research Partners
Aruba Networks, PnP Networks,
Semandex NetworksMayflower Inc.
*Panasonic
US Army CECOM
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Status Update: Sponsor ProgramSeeking more long-term research collaboration with sponsorsNow that we have invested in critical technology areas, new labs and a larger, more qualified student pool, we invite sponsors to work more closely with us:
Specific focus projects on topics of mutual interestContributions to existing projects such as ORBIT or NSF “future Internet” projectJoint proposals to future NSF, DARPA, DHS or DoD RFP’sVisiting researchers, short sabbatical leaves, etc.Sponsored students, post-docs and student internships
ORBIT facility (~11,000 sq-ft in Rt 1 Tech Center bldg) has adequate space for research visitorsAlso starting to work more actively with early stage incubations, startup companies and joint ventures...
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Status Update: WINLAB Activity Model & Tech Transfer
Core Research Areas
DARPAProjects
(e.g. Infostations)
Major NSFProjects
(e.g. ORBIT)
Major NSFProjects
(e.g. ORBIT)
NJCSTProject
(e.g. MUSE)
Focus Project(s)
with Sponsor Companies
Focus Project(s)
with Sponsor Companies
Technology Transfer ProjectsTechnology Transfer Projects
Tech Reports,Sponsor meetings,Software tools,etc.
Sponsor Fees,& Govt basic research funds
AdditionalProjectSupport
New system concepts, IPR, …
Pre-commercial technology
Industry, venturefunds, NJCST, …
Usually involves partnerships with sponsor companiesAnd other universities
CorpR&D
Activitiesto be carried out at
Tech Center II
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Status Update: Research Program 6/05
Research projects in 4 broad areas of wireless technologyradio propagation and modem design radio research management (RRM)wireless networks and protocolsmobile computing
Major NSF projects on future wireless networks (ORBIT), spectrum, cognitive radio, MIMO, sensors and security/privacyNumerous smaller projects (both NSF and industry) on topics ranging from WLAN enhancements and 3G scheduling to network coding and location services.Strategic future directions: “wireless ecosystems”, security, next-generation Internet and pervasive systems....
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Status Update: WINLAB Research Direction
Internet (IP-based)
Infostationcache
WLANAccess Point
WLANHot-Spot
VOIP(dual-mode)
Low-tier clusters(e.g. low power 802.11 sensor)
Ad-hocnetwork
extension
Public Switched Network(PSTN)
BTS
VOIP
Broadband Media cluster(e.g. UWB or MIMO)
BTS
BSC
MSC
CustomMobileInfrastructure(e.g. GSM, 3G)
CDMA, GSMor 3G radio access network
Generic mobile infrastructure
Today Future?
Research Themes:Faster radiosInterference issuesPower control3G SchedulingHandoff algorithmsWLAN MAC3G/WLAN interworkingSecurityMobile contentetc.
Research Themes:Super-fast short range radiosUWB, MIMOSensor devices/SOC4G radio & next-gen WLANSpectrum coordinationUnified mobility protocolsAd-hoc network RRM , MAC and routing protocolsAd-hoc net QoS & securitySensor net software modelsCentralized control distributedetc.
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Status Update: Research Areas
Pervasive Computing ApplicationPervasive Computing Application
Agent 2Agent 1
Agent 3
SensorCluster A
SensorCluster B
Run-timeEnvironment(network OS)Resource
DiscoveryAd-hoc Routing
OS/ProcessScheduling
Overlay Network for Dynamic Agent <-> Sensor
Association
0 0.5 1 1.5 20
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Normalized distance of AB
Pack
et d
eliv
ery
relia
blilt
y
Original 802.11CR, denisty 1CR, denisty 2CR, denisty 4CR, denisty 8
Wireless/Sensor NetSoftware & Security
Wireless Sensors
System Analysis & Theory
Wireless Network Testbed
Mobile Computing
Ad-Hoc Networks
Radio Platforms
Cognitive Radio
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Status Update: Wireless Roadmap
HardwarePlatforms
Protocols& Software
2000 2005 2010+
BasicWireless
Technologies
SystemApplications
3G Cellular
~11 Mbps QPSK/QAM
~2 Mbps WCDMA
~ 1 Mbps Bluetooth
~10 Mbps OFDM
~50 Mbps OFDM
~100 Mbps UWB
Broadband Cellular (3G)
WLAN (802.11a,b,g) ad-hoc/mesh
IP-based Cellular Network (B3G)
~100 Mbps OFDM/CDMA
~500 Mbps UWB
~200 Mbps MIMO/OFDM
Unified Wireless Access+ IP-based core network
802.11 WLAN card/AP
Cellular handset, BTS
Bluetooth module*
3G services
GSM, GPRS services
Mobile WLAN services
3G/WLAN interworking
WLAN security, enterprise
Cellular VOIP gateway
802.11 Mesh Router*
Commodity BTS
3G Base Station RouterSelf-Organizing Ad-Hoc
Radio Router
Multi-standardCognitive Radio*
Next-Gen WLAN(including ad-hoc mesh)
IP-based Mobile Network
Mobile Internet Services& Content Delivery
WLAN office/home public WLANhome media
networks
3G/WLAN HybridMobile Internetopen systems
4G Systems
Ad-Hoc & P2P Sensor Nets
Embedded Radio(wireless sensors)
dynamicspectrumsharing
Pervasive Systems
WLAN+ (802.11e,n)
Sensor radios(Zigbee, Mote)
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Status Update: WINLAB R&D map
CoreTechnology
Protocols& Software
2002 2004 2006
Multimodal ZnO sensor
nx100 MbpsOFDM Radio
UWB PHY/MAC
Algorithms,Analysis &Simulation
UWB Spectrum rights & management
MUSE SystemPrototypesSystem
PrototypesInfostations Prototypes
(i-media, emergency response)
3G/WLANInterworking
Content Routingin mobile networks
Multimodal sensor-on-silicon(MUSE) module/chip
Self-organizingAd-hoc network
Interference avoidance, RRM
Ad-hoc routing
3G/4G PHY/MAC (RRM, scheduling, etc.)
Low-power802.11b
Wireless security
ORBIT Wireless Network Testbed
MIMO networks
SDRPrototype
Network-centricCognitive radio HW
MIMO Infostation
Sensor net Privacy
802.11e,n protocols
Ad-hoc net with QoS
Spectrum etiquette and adaptive radio net protocols
Unlicensed spectrum algorithms
OFDMAd-hoc net RRM
Sensor net models
Adaptive RadioNetwork Prototype
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Status Update: Major ProjectsSeveral major research and technology transfer projects currently being carried out at WINLAB
Dynamic spectrum management (NSF ITR, ’02-’05)Multimodal Sensor-on-Silicon: MUSE (NJCST, ’02-’07)ORBIT: Open-Access Research Testbed for Wireless Networks (NSF “NRT”project, ‘03-07) – joint with Columbia, Princeton, Lucent , IBM, ThomsonMIMO networks/DAPHNE (NSF grant, ‘03-06) – joint with Princeton & NJITCognitive Radio hardware & algorithms (NSF NeTS grants, ’04-’07) – joint with GA Tech and Bell LabsPrivacy and security in sensor nets (NSF NeTS grant, ’04-’07)
Security in next-generation wireless networks (NICT, Japan ’02-’06)MIMO Infostations Prototype for Army (Mayflower/ARL, ’04-05)ORBIT Tech Transfer (Intel, DoD, ’05-’06)
Major government projects
Industry supported focus projects
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Status Update: Federal ProposalsSeveral new proposals submitted or under development for NSF ITR, NSF NeTS and DARPA, including
Software API & sockets for sensor nets – NSF NeTS NOSSSpectrum measurements – NSF NeTS ProWINCollaborative radio teams (ACERT) –DARPAInternet spectrum server – NSF NeTS ProWINAd-hoc emergency response networks – DHS (with Columbia U)
Started work on future Internet planning project for NSF – involves over 20 key networking researchers from various universities andresearch labs
Starting work on “wireless ecosystems” ERC focusing on migration from centralized to distributed systems. Major effort planned for Fall 05 leading to NSF proposal in Nov
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Status Update: NJ State ProjectsNJ State funding for R&D going through major changes:
Emphasizing tech transfer and jobs rather than basic researchMUSE (sensor on silicon) project year 3 funded at 50% level, butcenter of excellence program being phased out by NJCSTTech Center II now in a state “enterprise zone” and thus qualifies for special programs for incubation and technology transfer support from NJ EDAWorking on a proposal for a “wireless technology center of NJ”that would develop technology cores, transfer WINLAB results and provide specialized services to companies/venturesOpportunities for co-location of joint venture or wireless activity at EDA Tech Center Facility
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Research Highlights
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Spectrum Management: Problem ScopeSpectrumAllocation
Rules(static)
INTERNET
BTS
AuctionServer
(dynamic)
SpectrumCoordination
Server(dynamic)
AP
Ad-hocsensor cluster(low-power, high density)
Short-rangeinfrastructure
mode network (e.g. WLAN)
Short-range ad-hoc net
Wide-area infrastructuremode network (e.g. 802.16)
Dense deployment of wireless devices, both wide-area and short-rangeProliferation of multiple radio technologies, e.g. 802.11a,b,g, UWB, 802.16, 4G, etc.How should spectrum allocation rules evolve to achieve high efficiency?Available options include:
Agile radios (interference avoidance)Dynamic centralized allocation methodsDistributed spectrum coordination (etiquette)Collaborative ad-hoc networks
Etiquettepolicy
SpectrumCoordination
protocols
Spectrum Coordinationprotocols
Dynamic frequencyprovisioning
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INTERNETINTERNET
Wireless Architecture: Cognitive Radio Based Adaptive Networks
AA
BB
D
C
D
E
F
Cognitive radio drives consideration of adaptive wireless networks involving multi-hop collaboration between radio nodes
Needs Internet support similar to ad-hoc network discussed earlierRapid changes in network topology, PHY bit-rate, etc. implications for routingFundamentally cross-layer approach – need to consider wired net boundaryHigh-power cognitive radios may themselves serve as Internet routers…
Bootstrapped PHY &control link
End-to-end routed pathFrom A to F
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MPC8260
TMS320C6701XC2V6000FPGA
100BaseT EthernetMegarray
Connector-244 Configurable
I/O pins
Cognitive Radio: Hardware Platforms
Next-generation software-defined radio supporting fast spectrum scanning, adaptive control of modulation waveforms and collaborative network processingFacilitates efficient unlicensed band coordination and multi-standard compatibility between radio devices
Bell Laboratories Software Defined Radio (Baseband Processor)Courtesy of Dr. T. Sizer
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Cognitive Radio: Hardware Platform
radio
BasebandFPGA
BasebandProcessor Core
(DSP)
SRAM
PacketFPGA
Clock Mgmt
A/D
D/A
A/D
D/A
A/D
D/A
Wakeup
Packet BufferDRAM)
Host(CR Strategies)
radio
radio
Local ethernet drop
WINLAB’s “network centric” concept for cognitive radio prototype (..under development in collaboration with GA Tech & Lucent Bell Labs)
Requirements include:~Ghz spectrum scanning,- Etiquette policy processing- PHY layer adaptation (per pkt)- Ad-hoc network discovery- Multi-hop routing ~100 Mbps+
Agile radioI/O
Software defined modem Network Processor
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TransmitPower
HopsToAP
NodeType
SequenceNumber
Cluster ID
PacketType
NodeID
BroadcastMAC
SourceMAC
Beacon Frame Format
Low-tier access links(AP/FN Beacons, MN Associations, Data)
Ad-hoc infrastructure links between FNs and APs(AP/FN Beacons, FN Associations, Routing Exchanges, Data)
Forwarding Node (FN)
Access Point (AP)
FN
AP
FNcoverage
area
APcoverage
area
Low-tier(e.g. sensor)Mobile Node (MN)
FN
Self-organized ad-hoc network
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MNMN MN
Internet
FN
AP
Channel 4
Channel 2
Beacon
Transmit Power Required: 1mW
Beacon
Assoc
Transmit Power Required: 4mW
FN
AP
SN•Scan all channels•Associate with FN/AP•Send data
FN•Scan all channels•Find minimum delay links to AP•Set up routes to AP•Send beacons•Forward SN data
Ad-Hoc Network: Discovery ProtocolCreates efficient ad-hoc network topology just above MAC layer in order to reduce burden on routing protocol…
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Ad-Hoc Networks : “SOHAN” ResultsFlat HierarchicalSystem Parameters:
0.9 sq. km, 20 mobiles/sensors, 4 FNs, 2 APs802.11a with multiple freqs
15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 6510
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
System offered load (Mbps)
Sys
tem
Thr
ough
put (
Mbp
s)
Total System Throughput for flat and hierarchical topologies
FlatHierarchical
Flat
Hierarchical
• “SOHAN” system evaluated for urban mesh deployment scenario with ~25 nodes
• Results show that system scales well and significantly outperforms flat ad-hoc routing (AODV)
APFN
MN
Mapping on to ORBITRadio grid emulator
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Ad-Hoc MAC: D-LSMA Scheduling
Link scheduling to allow parallel transmissions, solves “exposed node” useful for QoS on ad-hoc FN-FN infrastructure in hierarchical systemsDistributed scheduling algorithm (upper MAC), using 802.11-based lower MAC
D
E
A
B
C
to C to ERTS retransmit
to C to Cto E to Eto C
t0 t1 t2
T
A
DE
B C RTSCTSDATA
Upper MACScheduler
D-LSMA
Classified flows
Lower MAC
……
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Wireless Architecture: Sensor Nets and Pervasive Systems
Mobile Internet (IP-based)
Overlay Pervasive Network Services
Compute & StorageServers
User interfaces forinformation & control
Ad-Hoc Sensor Net A
Ad-Hoc Sensor Net B
Sensor net/IP gateway GW
3G/4GBTS
PervasiveApplication
Agents
Relay Node
Virtualized Physical WorldObject or Event
Sensor/Actuator
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IP NetworkIP Network
Pervasive Systems: Key Technologies
ContentRouter
Wireless Access Point
Radio Forwarding Node
Future Cognitive RadioWireless Sensors
Infostation(wireless cache)
TinyOS
Ad-Hoc Net Protocols
Caching, Dynamic Binding
PHY Adaptation
CR Software Platform
Adaptive CR Net Protocols
Ad-Hoc Net Protocols
Caching, Dynamic Binding
ApplicationAgents
Caching, Dynamic Binding
Ad-Hoc Net Protocols
IP Network Gateway
ApplicationServer
Application
Application
Content-Based Routing
Content-Based Routing
Content-Based Routing
IP Routing
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Sensor Hardware: Multimodal ZnOdevice“Tunable” ZnO sensor prototype developed:
Can be “reset” to increase sensitivity, e.g. in liquids or gasDual mode (acoustic and UV optic)Applicable to variety of sensing needs
Gate voltageinput
REF.
2DEGmesa
SAWIDT
2DEGGround
Sensing device with chemicallyselective receptor coating
Sensoroutput
Mixer
2DEGmesa
Courtesy of: Prof Y. Lu,Rutgers U
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Sensors in roadway interact with sensor/actuator in carsOpportunistic, attribute-based binding of sensors and carsAd-hoc network with dynamically changing topologyClosed-loop operation with tight real-time and reliability constraints
Pervasive Applications: Highway Safety
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Pervasive Systems: Software ModelSensor net scenarios require a fundamentally new software model (…not TCP/IP or web!!):
Large number of context-dependent sources/sensors with unknown IP addressContent-driven networking (…not like TCP/IP client-server!)Distributed, collaborative computing between “sensor clusters”Varying wireless connectivity and resource levels
Sensor NetSoftwareModel
Pervasive Computing ApplicationPervasive Computing Application
Agent 2Agent 1
Agent 3
SensorCluster A
SensorCluster B
Run-timeEnvironment(network OS)
ResourceDiscovery
Ad-hoc Routing
OS/ProcessScheduling
Overlay Network for Dynamic Agent <-> Sensor
Association
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ORBIT Testbed: Radio Grid
64-node radio grid prototype at Busch Campus (8/04) 400-node radio grid system at Tech Center II (under construction 5/05)
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ORBIT: Field Trial System
Lucent “Base Station Router”with IP interface
“Open API” 802.11a,b,gORBIT radio node
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Web Sites for More Information:
WINLAB: www.winlab.rutgers.eduORBIT: www.orbit-lab.org