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WINDSWINDS
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Responsible for triggering the initial movement of air.
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CORIOLIS EFFECT
SHIFT IN WIND
DIRECTION DUE TO EARTH’S
ROTATION
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What happens if pressure is the same?
No wind!
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Earth’s Winds- due to uneven heating pressure differences
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Earth’s Winds- due to uneven heating pressure differences
Local Winds
Land breeze
Sea breeze
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LOCAL WINDS
SEA BREEZE
LAND BREEZE
Uneven heating of land vs water
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Earth’s Winds- due to uneven heating
pressure differences
Local Winds
Land breeze
Sea breeze
Seasonal Winds- over bigger region
(ex-SE Asia)
monsoon
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MONSOONS
Similar to land and sea breeze bit occur over a wider area
SEASONAL WINDS
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Philippines
Northeast Monsoon (cold and wet)
Southwest Monsoon (dry)
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Global/Planetary Winds
Earth’s Winds- due to uneven heating
pressure differences
Local Winds
Land breeze
Sea breeze
Seasonal Winds- over bigger region
(ex-SE Asia)
monsoon
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GLOBAL WINDS UNEQUAL HEATING equater vs. poles
results in
GLOBAL PATTERN OF AIR
CIRCULATION
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http://www.phschool.com/atschool/phsciexp/active_art/global_winds/index.html
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Earth’s Winds- due to uneven heating pressure differences
Local Winds
Land breeze
Sea breeze
Seasonal Winds- over bigger region
(ex-SE Asia)
monsoon
Global/Planetary Winds
Prevailing Westerlies
Polar Easterlies
Trade Winds
Jet Stream
Up In Atmosphere
On Surface
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TRADE WINDSON SURFACE:
AIR MOVING BACK TO THE
EQUATOR FORMING A
BELT OF WARM,
STEADY WINDS
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PREVAILING WESTERLIES
ON SURFACE
40-60 degrees Latitude (West to East)
Strong Winds
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POLAR EASTERLIES
ON SURFACE
COLD BUT WEAK WINDS
EAST TO WEST
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JET STREAMS
IN ATMOSPHERE
(ABOVE 12 KMS)
180-350 Km/Hr
(speed)
“rivers of air"
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Earth’s Winds- due to uneven heating pressure differences
Local Winds
Land breeze
Sea breeze
Seasonal Winds- over
bigger region (ex-SE Asia)
monsoon
Global/Planetary Winds
Prevailing Westerlies
Polar Easterlies
Trade Winds
Jet Stream
NO Winds
DoldrumsHorse
Latitudes
On Surface
Up In Atmosphere
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DOLDRUMSON
SURFACE
CALM/ NO WINDS AT EQUATOR (0 degrees
latitude)
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HORSE LATITUDES
ON SURFACE
30 degrees North and South of Equator
Warm air cools and sink; clear skies; winds are calm
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http://www.phschool.com/atschool/phsciexp/active_art/global_winds/index.html
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CORIOLIS EFFECT
SHIFT IN WIND
DIRECTION DUE TO EARTH’S
ROTATION
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As air moves from high to low pressure: in north, air deflected right/counterclockwise
in the south, air is deflected left/clockwise
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hurricanes/typhoons and tornadoes spin COUNTER-CLOCKWISE
in NORTH
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Flushing Toilets on the Equator
Myth or Real:
Toilets flushed in the northern hemisphere apparently spin to the right, in the southern hemisphere the water spins left -- this is supposedly caused by the Coriolis effect. And on the equator? It's a straight shot down.
myth
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BREAK TIME
• One big/important idea or fact
• Stand up
• Share with 3 people
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So how do we get differences in pressure?
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All factors makingLow density & low pressure
1) temp: Warm air is less dense than cool air.
REMEMBER THE OPPOSITE IS ALSO TRUE
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DIFFERENCES IN DENSITY
DIFFERENCE IN AIR PRESSURE
EX) HOT temp (LESS dense)=>LOW P
COLD temp (MORE dense)=>HIGH P
UNEQUAL HEATING OF AIR
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TEMPERATURE AND AIR PRESSURE
HEAT
Air molecules move faster and expand
less dense
LESS AIR PRESSURE Air RISES
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All factors makingLow density low pressure
1) temp: Warm air is less dense than cool air.
2) humidity: Moist air is less dense than dry air.
REMEMBER THE OPPOSITE IS ALSO TRUE
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More water vapor means less air
moleculesLOW AIR
PRESSUREDRY AIR more dense = HIGH AIR
PRESSURE
Less dense =
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All factors makingLow density low pressure
1) temp: Warm air is less dense than cool air.
2) humidity: Moist airis less dense than dry air.
3) elevation: Air at high altitudes (mountains) is less dense than air at lower altitudes.
REMEMBER THE OPPOSITE IS ALSO TRUE
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Air at high altitudes is
more spread out = less dense than air at lower altitudes.
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Measuring Air Pressure
Air Pressure is measured by an instrument called Barometer
2 Main Types of Barometer
Mercury BarometerAneroid (spring)
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Air pressure increases, column of mercury rises
Air pressure decreases, column of mercury drops
Video (minute 2): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-gGBMCqBoSE&feature=related
VIDEO: Why use mercury?
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Break time
• Think of one fact you learned from the video or what you found interesting
• Stand up
• Form groups based on the same idea
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CLOUDS
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TYPES OF CLOUDS
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CLOUD FORMATION1) WATER VAPOR (gas) rising (need heat to cause evaporation)
2) CONDENSATION NUCLEI (smoke, dust, pollution)
3)LOW TEMPERATURE for condensation (liquid) to occur
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MOISTURE CONDENSES ON
SMALL PARTICLES OF
DUST/ SOLIDS IN THE AIR
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CONDENSATIONWATER VAPOR
CHANGES
INTO LIQUID (need cold temp)
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DEW POINTTEMPERATURE AT WHICH water vapor CONDENSES
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Source: http://www.vivoscuola.it/US/RSIGPP3202/umidita/lezioni/form.htm
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Air Pressure & Weather
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TEMPERATURE AND AIR PRESSURE
HEAT
Air molecules move faster and expand
less dense
LESS AIR PRESSURE Air RISES
What happens when air rises?
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Low pressure generally means cloudy, rainy weather
Warm air rises, clouds form
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High pressure generally means fair weather
Layer of Air
Warm, moist air cannot rise
=No clouds
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Weather map
Low pressure system: Increased cloudiness, winds, higher temperatures, and chance of precipitation.
High Pressure System: Indicates clear, calm conditions with reduced chance of precipitation. DRY and COLDER air
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Frost Formation
• Cold temperature causes water vapor (gas) to instantly freeze (solid)
• Skips liquid phase (never wet)
• Salt helped to make colder
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Source: http://www.vivoscuola.it/US/RSIGPP3202/umidita/lezioni/form.htm
When condensed water gathers into drops that are heavy enough, precipitation occurs
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Cloud droplets
Snow
Ice
PRECIPITATION
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Hurricanes/Typhoons/Cyclones &
Tornadoes
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Hurricanes/typhoons/cyclones-what’s in a name?
http://spaceplace.nasa.gov/hurricanes/
LOCATION, LOCATION, LOCATION
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HOW?
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hurricanes/typhoons and tornadoes spin COUNTER-CLOCKWISE
in NORTH
H
H
H
H
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http://edition.cnn.com/2011/US/04/28/severe.weather/index.html?hpt=T2http://edition.cnn.com/2011/US/04/27/tornado.outbreak/index.html?hpt=T1Experts: Severe weather across South could set tornado record
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http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2011/04/28/us/map-of-the-tornadoes-across-the-south.html
Including yesterday's storm, there have been a whopping 800 reports of tornadoes in April, easily surpassing April 2003's all-time record of 543 twisters.
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http://news.yahoo.com/s/yblog_thelookout/20110428/ts_yblog_thelookout/watch-tuscaloosas-terrifying-tornado
Yahoo video clips
TornadoesSong:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=iOw6ONcKk4g