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Windows Server 2016
Markus ErlacherCEOitnetX AGwww.itnetx.ch
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Bringing the cloud to youWhat if you could have the control of the datacenter
and the power of the cloud?
Reduced developer chaos and shadow IT
Simplified, abstracted experience
Added consistency to modern development
One portal, one user experience
Write once, deploy anywhere
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Nano Server
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Voice of the Customer
- Reboots impact my business- Why do I have to reboot because of a patch to a component I never use?- When a reboot is required, the systems need to be back in service ASAP
- Server images are too big- Large images take a long time to install and configure- Transferring images consumes too much network bandwidth- Storing images requires too much disk space
- Infrastructure requires too many resources- If the OS consumes fewer resources, I can increase my VM density- Higher VM density lowers my costs and increases my efficiency &
margins
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I want just the components
I needand nothing more
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Microsoft Server Journey
Windows NT to Windows Server
2003
Windows/WindowsNT
Server Roles/Features
Windows Server 2008and
Windows Server 2008 R2
Server Core
Full Server
Windows Server 2012and
Windows Server 2012 R2
Server Core
Minimal Server Interface
GUI Shell
Windows NT / Windows Server 2003
Windows Server 2008 Windows Server 2008 R2
Windows Server 2012 Windows Server 2012 R2
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Why we need Nano Server
- Azure- Patches and reboots interrupt service delivery- (*VERY large # of servers) * (large OS resource
consumption)- Provisioning large host images competes for
network resources
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Why we need Nano Server
- Cloud Platform System (CPS)- Cloud-in-box running on 1-4 racks using System
Center & Windows Server- Setup time needs to be shortened- Patches and reboots result in service disruption
- Fully loaded CPS would live migrate > 16TB for every host OS patch
- Network capacity could have otherwise gone to business uses
- Reboots: Compute host ~2 minutes / Storage host ~5 minutes
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We need server configuration optimized for the cloud
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- A new headless, 64-bit only, deployment option for Windows Server
- Deep refactoring focused on - CloudOS infrastructure- Born-in-the-cloud applications
- Follow the Server Core pattern
Nano Server - Next Step in the Cloud Journey
Server Core
Server with Local Admin Tools
Basic Client Experience
Nano Server
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Nano Server - Roles & Features
- Zero-footprint model - Server Roles and Optional Features live outside of Nano
Server- Standalone packages that install like applications
- Key Roles & Features- Hyper-V, Storage (SoFS), and Clustering- Core CLR, ASP.NET 5 & PaaS
- Full Windows Server driver support- Antimalware Built-in- System Center and Apps Insight agents to
follow
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Nano Server in Windows Server 2016
- An installation option, like Server Core- Not listed in Setup because image must be
customized with drivers- Separate folder on the Windows Server media
- Available since the Windows Server Technical Preview 2 released at Ignite
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Installing Drivers
- For the leanest image, install just the drivers your hardware requires- Dism /Add-Driver /driver:<path>
- Nano Server includes a package of all drivers in Server Core- Dism /Add-Package /PackagePath:.\packages\Microsoft-
NanoServer-OEM-Drivers-Package.cab
- To run Nano Server as a VM install- Dism /Add-Package /PackagePath:.\packagesMicrosoft-
NanoServer-Guest-Package.cab
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Deploying Nano Server
- Generate a VHD from NanoServer.wim- Download Convert-WindowsImage.ps1 from the
Script Center: https://gallery.technet.microsoft.com/scriptcenter/Convert-WindowsImageps1-0fe23a8f
- Run Convert-WindowsImage.ps1 -Sourcepath <path to wim> -VHD <path to new VHD file> –VHDformat VHD -Edition 1.
- Dism /Apply-Image
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Installing Roles and Features
- Nano Server folder has a Packages sub-folder
- Dism /Add-Package /PackagePath:.\packages\<package>
- Dism /Add-Package /PackagePath:.\packages\en-us\<package>
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Installing Agents and Tools on Nano Server- No MSI support in Nano Server
- Current builds of Nano Server require xcopy or custom PowerShell script
- Nano Server Installer in the works, which will provide- Install- Uninstall- Inventory- Online and offline installation support
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Installing Software on Nano Server
- No MSI support in Nano Server- Current builds of Nano Server require xcopy or
custom PowerShell script- Nano Server Installer in the works, which will
provide- Install- Uninstall- Inventory- Online and offline installation support
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Demo: Nano Server Deployment
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Hyper-V
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Change In Market Share Over The Past 5+ Years
0
10
20
30% P
oint
s
+30.6
+6.2
CY 2008 Q1
CY 2009Q3
CY 2012Q3
CY 2014Q3
ESX
Microsoft Hyper-V Server
Q1 CY2008Windows Server 2008Released
Q3 CY2009Windows Server 2008 R2Released
Q3 CY2012Windows Server 2012Released
Q3 CY2014
CURRENT
ChangeSince Hyper-V Released
MicrosoftHyper-V
Server0.0% 11.8% 25.9% 30.6% +30.6
Pts
ESX 40.0% 46.6% 51.4% 46.2% +6.2 Pts
x86 Server Virtualization ShareFor The Past 5+ Years
Source: IDC WW Quarterly Server Virtualization Tracker, December 2014. Hyper-V and ESX + vSphere shares based on percent market share among all x86 new hypervisor deployments (nonpaid and paid). x86 hypervisor shipments include those sold on new servers, new nonpaid hypervisor deployments aboard new servers, and new hypervisor sales and nonpaid hypervisor deployments on installed base servers. Share gains for Hyper-V and ESX + vSphere come in part from market share transfers from older products from same vendors.
We are winningvirtualization share
Windows Server 2008 Released
Windows Server 2008 R2 Released
Windows Server 2012 Released
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Security
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Challenges in protecting high-value assets
Any seized or infected host administrators can access guest virtual machines
Impossible to identify legitimate hosts without a hardware based verification
Tenants VMs are exposed to storage and network attacks while unencrypted
Fabric
Hypervisor
Customer
Hypervisor
Fabric
Storage
Host OS
Customer
Guest VM
Legitimate host?
Guest VM
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Confidently protect sensitive customer data: Designed for ‘zero-trust’ environments
Host Guardian ServiceEnabler to run Shielded Virtual Machines on a legitimate host in the fabric
Shielded VMBitlocker enabled VM
Virtual Secure ModeProcess and Memory access protection from the host
Any seized or infected host administrators can access guest virtual machines
Impossible to identify legitimate hosts without a hardware based verification
Tenants VMs are exposed to storage and network attacks while unencrypted
Hardware-rooted technologies to separate the guest operating system from host administrators
Guarded fabric to identify legitimate hosts and certify them to run shielded tenant Generation 2 VMs
Virtualized trusted platform module (vTPM) support to encrypt virtual machines
Host Guardian Service
Fabric
Hypervisor
Customer
Hypervisor
Fabric
Storage
Host OS
Customer
Guest VM
Trust the host
Guest VM
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Shielded VMs
Host Guardian Service
Storage
HOST without TPM (generic host)
Virtual hard disk
HOST with TPM
Virtual hard disk
Virtual hard disk
Shielded Virtual Machines
Shielded Virtual Machines
Shielded Virtual Machines
Spotlight capabilities
Shielded Virtual Machines can only run in fabrics that are designated as owners of that virtual machine
Shielded Virtual Machines will need to be encrypted (by BitLocker or other means) in order to ensure that only the designated owners can run this virtual machine
You can convert a running Generation 2 virtual machine into a Shielded Virtual Machine
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Secure Boot Support for Linux
- Providing kernel code integrity protections for Linux guest operating systems.
- Works with:• Ubuntu 14.04 and later• SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12
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Secure Boot Support for Linux
- PowerShell to enable this:Set-VMFirmware "Ubuntu" -SecureBootTemplate MicrosoftUEFICertificateAuthority
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Resiliency & Availability
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Storage and Cluster Resiliency
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Virtual Machine Storage Resiliency
- Storage fabric outage no longer means that virtual machine crash
• Virtual machines pause and resume automatically in response to storage fabric problems
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Virtual Machine Cluster Resiliency
- VMs continue to run even when a node falls out of cluster membership
- Resiliency to transient failures- Repeat offenders are “quarantined”
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Shared VHDX
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Improved Shared VDHX
- Host Based Backup of Shared VHDX- Online Resize of Shared VHDX
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Replica Support for Hot Add of VHDX
- When you add a new virtual hard disk to a virtual machine that is being replicated – it is automatically added to the not-replicated set. This set can be updated online.
Set-VMReplication "VMName" -ReplicatedDisks (Get-VMHardDiskDrive "VMName")
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Runtime Memory Resize
- Dynamic memory is great, but more can be done.
- For Windows Server 2016 guests, you can now increase and decrease the memory assigned to virtual machines while they are running.
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Hot add / remove of network adapters- Network adapters can be added and removed
from Generation 2 virtual machines while they are running.
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Servicing & Upgrades
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Rolling Cluster Upgrade
- You can now upgrade a 2012 R2 Hyper-V cluster to Windows Server 2016 with:
• No new hardware• No downtime• The ability to roll-back safely if needed
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New VM Upgrade Process
- Windows Server 2016:• Hyper-V will not automatically upgrade virtual
machines• Upgrading a virtual machine is a manual
operation that is separate from upgrading the host
• Individual virtual machines can be moved back to earlier versions, until they have been manually upgraded
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New VM Upgrade Process
- Windows Server 2016:
- PowerShell only:Update-VMConfigurationVersion
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Changing how we handle VM servicing- Windows Server 2016:• VM drivers (integration services) updated when
needed• Require latest available VM drivers for that guest
operating system• Drivers delivered directly to the guest operating
system via Windows Update
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Scale Improvements
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Evolving Hyper-V Backup
- New architecture to improve reliability, scale and performance.
• Decoupling backing up virtual machines from backing up the underlying storage.
• No longer dependent on hardware snapshots for core backup functionality, but still able to take advantage of hardware capabilities when they are present.
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Built in change tracking for Backup
- Most Hyper-V backup solutions today implement kernel level file system filters in order to gain efficiency.
• Makes it hard for backup partners to update to newer versions of Windows
• Increases the complexity of Hyper-V deployments
- Efficient change tracking for backup is now part of the platform
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VM Configuration Changes
- New virtual machine configuration file• Binary format for efficient performance at scale• Resilient logging for changes- New file extensions• .VMCX and .VMRS
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Operations
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Production Checkpoints
- Delivers the same Checkpoint experience that you had in Windows Server 2012 R2 – but now fully supported for Production Environments
• Uses VSS instead of Saved State to create checkpoint
• Restoring a checkpoint is just like restoring a system backup
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PowerShell Direct to Guest OS
- You can now script PowerShell in the Guest OS directly from the Host OS- No need to configure PowerShell Remoting- Or even have network connectivity- Still need to have guest credentials
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Network Adapter Identification
- You can name individual network adapters in the virtual machine settings – and see the same name inside the guest operating system.
- PowerShell in host:
- PowerShell in guest:
Add-VMNetworkAdapter -VMName “TestVM" -SwitchName "Virtual Switch" -Name "Fred" -Passthru | Set-VMNetworkAdapter -DeviceNaming on
Get-NetAdapterAdvancedProperty | ?{$_.DisplayName -eq "Hyper-V Network Adapter Name"} | select Name, DisplayValue
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ReFS Accelerated VHDX Operations
- Taking advantage of an intelligent file system for:• Instant fixed disk creation• Instant disk merge operations
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Isolation
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Distributed Storage QoS
- Windows Server 2016:- Leveraging Scale Out File Server to allow you to:• Define IOPs reserves for important virtual hard
disks• Define a IOPs reserve and limit that is shared by
a group of virtual machines / virtual hard disks
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Host Resource Protection
- Dynamically identify virtual machines that are not “playing well” and reduce their resource allocation.
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Networking
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Software Defined Networking
- Bringing Software Defined Networking to the next level- VXLAN and NVGRE support- Virtual Firewall- Software Load Balancer- Improved Gateways- RDMA using vNICs- And much much more…
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One more thing….
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Containers
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- LXC (Linux Containers) is an operating-system-level virtualization environment for running multiple isolated Linux systems (containers) on a single Linux control host. Containers provide operating system-level virtualization through a virtual environment that has its own process and network space, instead of creating a full-fledged virtual machine.
What are Containers
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Bare-Metal
Operating System
Physical Host
Image
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Virtual Machines
Operating System
Operating System
Image
Virtual machine(s)
Operating System
Hardware Virtualization
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Container Run-time
Operating SystemContainer(s)
Operating System
Hardware Virtualization
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Container Ecosystem
Container Images
Container Run-Time
Linux
Image Repository
Applications
ApplicationFrameworks
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Containers
Physical Machine
Hyper-V Virtual Machine(s)
Hyper-VContainer(s)
Windows ServerContainer(s)
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Deploying Containers
Physical Machine
Hyper-V Virtual Machine(s)
Hyper-VContainer(s)
Windows ServerContainer(s)
Requires Hyper-V Hypervisor
Hyper-V Hypervisor
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Deploying Containers
Physical Machine
Virtual Machines
Hyper-VContainer(s)
Windows ServerContainer(s)
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Deploying Containers
Physical Machine
Virtual Machines
Hyper-V Container(s)
Windows Server Container(s)
Requires Hyper-V Hypervisor
Hyper-V Hypervisor
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Demo: Containers
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Software Defined StorageThe (v)Next Level
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Current SDS with Server 2012 R2 (1 / 2)
Storage Pool
Storage Space Virtual Disks
Scale-Out File Server \\FileServer\Share
Cluster Shared Volumes C:\ClusterStorage
SMB3.x
Storage Node Storage Node Storage Node Storage Node
Soft
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Scale-Out File ServerAccess point for Hyper-VScale-out data accessData access resiliency
Cluster Shared VolumesSingle consistent namespaceFast failover
Storage SpacesStorage poolingVirtual disksData Resiliency
Hardware- Standard volume hardware- Fast and efficient networking- Shared storage enclosures- SAS SSD- SAS HDD
Shared JBOD Storage
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Current SDS with Server 2012 R2 (2 / 2)
Storage Space
HDD TierCold Data
SSD Tier and WBC
Hot Data
SAS SSD
SAS HDD
I/O Activity Accumulates
Heat at Sub-File Granularity
Hyper-V Nodes
Tiered Spaces leverage file system intelligenceFile system measures data activity at sub-file granularityHeat follows filesAdmin-controlled file pinning is possible
Data movementAutomated promotion of hot data to SSD tierConfigurable scheduled task
Write-Back Cache (WBC)Helps smooth effects of write burstsUses a small amount of SSD capacityIO to SSD bypass WBCLarge IO bypass WBC
ComplementaryTogether, WBC and the SSD tier address data’s short-term and long-term performance needs
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What we hear from customers…..
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I can’t implement a Microsoft Storage Solution because…
“Replication on Storage-Level is missing”
“I wanna do Hyper-Converged”
“I don’t trust Microsoft doing Storage”
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Storage Spaces Direct
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Storage Spaces Direct at a glance• Non-Shared Storage (inbox or local attached)• Distributed via new Software Storage Bus• Enables easy scale out• Leverages all the benefits of SMB3.x / RDMA
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Storage Spaces Direct logical View
Reliability, scalability, flexibility • Fault tolerance to disk, enclosure, node failures• Scale pools to large number of drives• Simple and fine grained expansion
Use cases• Hyper-V IaaS storage• Storage for backup and replication targets• Hyper-converged (compute and storage together)• Converged (compute and storage separate)
Cloud design points and management• Standard servers with local storage• New device types such as SATA and NVMe SSD• Deploy/manage/monitor with SCVMM, SCOM & PowerShell
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Scenarios
SCALE-OUT FILE SERVER CLUSTER
HYPER-V CLUSTER
Hyper-converged Converged (Disaggregated)
HYPER-V CLUSTER(S)
SMB3 STORAGE NETWORK FABRIC
- Compute and Storage resources together- Compute and Storage scale and are managed together- Typically small to medium sized scale-out deployments
- Compute and Storage resources separate- Compute and Storage scale and are managed independently- Typically larger scale-out deployments
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•Cache scoped to local machine•Read and Write cache (see table below)•Automatic configuration when enabling S2D
• Special partition on each caching device• Leaves 32GB for pool and virtual disks
metadata• Round robin binding of SSD to HDD
Software Storage Bus Cache
SATASSD
SATASSD
SATAHDD
SATAHDD
SATAHDD
SATAHDD
SATAHDD
SATAHDD
Storage Configuration Caching devices Capacity devices Caching behavior
SATA SSD + SATA HDD All SATA SSD All SATA HDD Read + Write
NVMe SSD + SATA HDD All NVMe SSD All SATA HDD Read + Write
NVMe SSD + SATA SSD All NVMe SSD All SATA SSD Write only
Caching Devices
Capacity Devices
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•Virtual storage bus spanning all nodes• Clusport: Initiator (virtual HBA)• ClusBlft: Target (virtual disk /
enclosures)
•SMB3/SMB Direct transport
•Intelligent I/O Management• Prioritizing(App vs System)• De-randomization of random IO• Drives sequential IO pattern on
rotational media
Software Storage Bus
ClusPort
SpacePort
Virtual Disks
File System
Cluster Shared Volumes File System (CSVFS)
Application
Node 1
Block over SMB
ClusBflt
Node 2
Physical Devices
ClusPort
SpacePort
Virtual Disks
File System
ClusBflt
Physical Devices
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Storage Spaces Direct: Requirements• 4 up to 16 Storage Nodes• 10 Gbps RDMA• Min. 2 SSD / 1 NMVe per Node (Cache / Journal)• Min. 4 SSD / HDD per Node (capacity)• Supported HW Model (VMs for LAB)
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Storage Spaces Direct Development Partners
Quanta D51PH
HP Apollo 2000 System
Dell PowerEdge R730xdCisco UCS C3160 Rack Server
Intel® Server Board S2600WT-Based Systems Lenovo System x3650 M5
Fujitsu Primergy RX2540 M1
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DemoStorage Spaces Direct
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Storage Replica
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SR is used for DR preparation
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Storage Replica at a glance
- Volume based block-level storage replication- synchronous or asynchronous- HW agnostic (any type of source / destination
volume)- SMB3 as transport protocol- Leverages RDMA / SMB3 Encryption
Multichanneling- I/Os pre-aggregated prior to transfer- Managed via Powershell, cluadmin, ASR
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Storage Replica Layer
SMB server
File system filters
CSVFS/NTFS/ReFS
VolSnap filter
BitLocker Filter
Volume Manager
Storage Replica
Partition manager
Disk driver
Disk
Storage Replica
Partition manager
Disk driver
Disk
Source Destination
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SR: Streched Cluster
- Single Cluster, spanning DCs- Asymmetric Storage- Automatic Failover- Synchronous only
Streched Cluster
Datacenter A Datacenter B
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SR: Cluster to Cluster
- Multiple Cluster- Manual Failover- Synchronous or Asynchronous
Cluster A
Datacenter A Datacenter B
Cluster B
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SR: Server to Server
- To separate Servers- Manual Failover- Synchronous or Asynchronous
Server A
Datacenter A Datacenter B
Server B
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Synchronous workflow
Applications(local or remote)
Source ServerNode (SR)
DataLog
1
t 2
Destination ServerNode (SR)
DataLog
t1 3
2
5
4
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Asynchronous workflow
Applications(local or remote)
Source ServerNode (SR)
DataLog
1
t 2
Destination ServerNode (SR)
DataLog
t1 5
4
3
6
The async difference is the IO completes on the source before travelling to the destination
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Storage Replica: Requirements• Any volume (SAS, SAN, iSCSI, Local)• <5 ms round trip between sites for synchron
mirror• RDMA• Identical size for source / target volume• SSDs for log disks recommended (min. 8GB size)• Identical physical disk geometry (phys. sector
size)• Turn on SR write ordering for distributed app data
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DemoStorage Replica
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ReFS (Resilient File System)
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ReFS - Data IntegrityMetadata ChecksumsChecksums protect all filesystem metadata
User Data ChecksumsOptional checksums protect file data
Checksum Verification• Occurs on every read of checksum-protected
data• During periodic background scrubbing
Healing of Detected Corruption• Healing occurs as soon as corruption is detected• Healthy version retrieved from Spaces’ alternate
versions (i.e. mirrors or parity data), if available• ReFS uses the healthy version to automatically
have Storage Spaces repair the corruption
Disk 1
Disk 2
Disk 3
Storage Spaces 3-way mirror with ReFS
• Checksums verified on reads• On checksum mismatch, mirrors are consulted• Good copies used to heal bad mirror
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ReFS - Resiliency and AvailabilityAvailability• ReFS designed to stay online and keep your data accessible when all else fails• Even when corruptions cannot be healed via Storage Spaces’ resiliency
(mirror- and parity-generated data versions)
Online Repair• CHKDSK-Like repairs performed without taking the volume offline• No downtime due to repair operations!
On-Volume Backups of Critical Metadata• Backups of critical metadata are automatically maintained on the volume• Online repair process consults backups if checksum-based repair fails• Provides additional protection for volume-critical metadata, in addition that
provided by mirror and parity spaces
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ReFS - Speed and Efficiency Efficient VM Checkpoints and BackupVHD(X) checkpoints cleaned up without physical data copies• Data migrated between parent and child VHD(X)
files as a ReFS metadata operation• Reduction of I/O to disk• Increased speed
• Reduces impact of checkpoint clean-up to foreground workloads
Accelerated Fixed VHD(X) CreationFixed VHD(X) files zeroed with just a metadata operation• Impact of zeroing I/O to foreground workloads
eliminated• Decreases VM deployment time
Quick Dynamic VHD(X) ExpansionDynamic VHD(X) files zeroed with a metadata operation• Impact of zeroing I/O for expanded regions
eliminated• Reduces latency spike for foreground workloads
Stable Point-In-Time
Virtual Hard Disk
Parent VHDX File
Child VHDX File
Hyper-V Checkpoint Merging
VHDX File Merged VHDX
Incoming Writes
VHDX on NTFS
VHDX on ReFS
Hyper-V VHDX Creation / Extension
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Storage QoS
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Mitigate noisy neighbor issues
Monitor end to end storage performance
Deploy at high density with confidence
Distributed Storage QoS
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Storage Quality of Service (QoS)Control and monitor storage performance
Management • System Center VMM and Ops Manager • PowerShell built-in for Hyper-V and SoFS
Simple out of box behavior • Enabled by default for Scale Out File Server • Automatic metrics per VHD, VM, Host, Volume• Includes normalized IOPs and latency
Flexible and customizable policies • Policy per VHD, VM, service, or tenant• Define minimum and maximum IOPs• Fair distribution within policy
SCALE OUT FILE SERVERSERVER CLUSTER
HYPER-V CLUSTER
VIRTUAL MACHINES
Policy Manager
Rate Limiter
IO Scheduler
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Storage QoS Policy Types
VIRTUAL MACHINES VIRTUAL MACHINES
Single Instance
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Thank you!