Wind Power History800 – 900 years
ago in Europe140 years ago,water-pumpingwind mills
70 years ago, electric power
1400 – 1800 years ago,in the Middle East
Drag Lift
HAWT - Upwind
Bergey EXCEL, 10 kW
• Configuration: 2 or 3 blades aimed into the wind by the tail
• Blades: Fiber-reinforced plastics
• Over-Speed Protection: Furling (rotor turns out of the wind)
• Generator: Direct-drive, permanent magnet alternator (no brushes), 3-phase AC, variable-speed operation
Southwest WindpowerFlagstaff, Arizona www.windenergy.com
AIR-X400 W
Whisper 100900 W
Whisper 2001000 W
Whisper 5003 kW
Bergey WindpowerNorman, Oklahoma www.bergey.com
BWC Excel10 kW
BWC XL.11 kW
Specifications
Power Curve
Rotor Diameter: 8.2 ft (2.5 m) Rotor Area: 53 ft2 (4.9 m2) Rated Power: 1,000 W Peak Power: ~1,800 W Rated Wind Speed: 24.6 mph (11 m/s) Rated Rotor Speed: 490 RPM Start-up Wind Speed: 6.7 mph (3 m/s) Cut-in Wind Speed: 5.6 mph (2.5 m/s) Furling Wind Speed: 29 mph (13 m/s) Cut-out Wind Speed: None Max. Design Wind Speed: 120 mph
(54 m/s) Net Weight: 75 lbs (34 kgs) Shipping Weight: 95 lbs (43 kgs)
Turbine Components
Technical Features Super-strong Pultruded Blades
4 Times Stronger Than Carbon Reinforced Injection Molded Blades
Custom Airfoil – Efficient & Quiet Special Noise Reducing Blade
Treatments (trip strip and tip trim)
185 Lb Engineer(dead weight)
Technical Features AutoFurl High Wind and
Storm Protection Exceptional Low Wind Speed
Performance – Due to Airfoil & Micro-Processor Controlled Boost Circuit
20% Higher System Efficiency, Compared to the Competition
Turbine can be Safely Run Unloaded
XL.1 Installations
Value Package: 1 kW Remote.System
XL.1 Turbine $2,150
64 ft Tilt-up Tower $1,090
(4) Trojan T-105 Batteries (5.3 kWh)
$380
Xantrex DR1524 1,500 W Inverter
$1,044
Total: $4,664
Value Package: 1.2 kW Hybrid.System
XL.1 Turbine $2,150
64 ft Tilt-up Tower $1,090
200 W Tower Mounted Solar Array
$1,460
(8) Trojan T-105 Batteries (10.6 kWh)
$760
Xantrex DR1524 1,500 W Inverter
$1,044
Total: $6,504
BWC ExcelBWC Excel
BWC Excel-SBWC Excel-SAmerica’s Leading Residential Wind Turbine
Rated at 10 kW
Over 800 Installed
~ 80% Market Share in the 5 – 15 kW Size Range
Primary Turbine in the US-DOE Field Verification Program
Demonstrated to be the Most Reliable and Durable Small Wind Turbine on the Market
5 Year Warranty (Industry’s Longest)
Specifications
Power Curve
Rotor Diameter: 20.2 ft (6.2 m) Rotor Area: 320 ft2 (30.2 m2) Rated Power: 10 kW (Grid), 7.5 kW
(Battery) Peak Power: ~11 W (Grid), ~ 8.5
kW(Battery) Rated Wind Speed: 31 mph (14 m/s) Rated Rotor Speed: 300 RPM Start-up Wind Speed: 7.5 mph (3.4 m/s) Cut-in Wind Speed: 7.5 mph (3.4 m/s) Furling Wind Speed: 36 mph (16 m/s) Cut-out Wind Speed: None Max. Design Wind Speed: 120 mph
(54 m/s) Net Weight: 1,020 lbs (464 kgs) Shipping Weight: 1,250 lbs (568 kgs)
Why Only 7.5 kW for the Excel-R ? Voltage from a PM alternator will vary
linearly with speed Batteries can only operate over a
limited voltage range Therefore, without a boost converter,
the system performance (alternator windings) must be optimized for either low wind performance or high wind performance
Low wind speed performance has a bigger effect on energy production and percent of time charging
The Excel’s optimized low wind performance reduces peak power
Advanced Blades Super-strong Pultruded Blades
Much Stronger Than Molded Fiberglass or Wood Blades
New Custom Airfoil – Efficient & Quiet – No Pitch Weights
Special Noise Reducing Blade Treatments (tip trim)
BWC is the Only SmallWind Turbine CompanyThat Designs its ownAirfoils
NewBWC SH 3052Airfoil
Wide Tower Selection Guyed Lattice, 60’ – 120’ Tilt-up Guyed Lattice, 60’ –
100’ Self-Supporting Lattice, 60’ –
120’ New Guyed Towers, Standard
and Tilt-up, Designs Manufactured by BWC
Engineering Analyses
Value Package: 10 kW GridTek
Excel-S Turbine, with GridTek 10 Inverter $22,900
100’ Guyed-Lattice Tower $6,900
Tower Wiring Kit $930
Total: $30,730
Value Package: 7.5 kW Home.Sure
Excel-R/48 Turbine, with Power Center Option
$20,050
100’ Guyed-Lattice Tower, with Wiring Kit $7,830
(40) Trojan L-16 Batteries (84 kWh) $9,000
(2) Xantrex SW5548 5.5 kW Inverters (11 kW)
$8,030
Total: $44,910
Abundant Renewable EnergyNewberg, Oregon www.abundantre.com
ARE44210 kW Specifications: ARE442 Wind Turbines
Rotor Diameter 7.2 meters (23.6 feet)
Swept Area 41 m² (442 sq. ft.)
Configuration 3-blade upwind with side furling
Rated Power 10 kW
Cut-in Wind Speed 2.5 m/s (6 mph) estimate
Rated Wind Speed 11 m/s (25 mph)
Alternator Neodymium magnet, 3-phase
Voltage Options 48V, Grid-connect
Tower-Top Weight 1,350 lbs.
Grid-Connect System (without batteries)
US$ 36,000 - Includes wind turbine w/ slip rings, two (2) SMA Windy Boy 6000U (6kW) inverters, voltage clamp, and diversion load - all with 5-year warranty
Abundant Renewable EnergyNewberg, Oregon www.abundantre.com
Specifications: ARE110 Wind Turbines
Rotor Diameter 3.6 meters (11.8 feet)
Swept Area 10.1 m² (110 sq. ft.)
Configuration 3-blade up-wind with side furling
Rated Power 2.5 kW
Cut-in Wind Speed 2.5 m/s (6 mph) estimate
Rated Wind Speed 11 m/s (25 mph)
Alternator Neodymium magnet, 3-phase
Voltage Options 48V, Grid-connect
Tower-Top Weight 143 kg (315 lbs.)
ARE1102.5 kW
Grid-Connect System (without batteries)
US$ 11,500 - Includes wind turbine w/ slip rings, SMA Windy Boy 2500U (2.5kW) inverter, voltage clamp, and diversion load - all with 5-year warranty
Wind Turbine Industries, Inc. Prior Lake, Minnesota www.windturbine.net
Jacobs 31-2020 kW
(also: 23-10, 23-12.5, 26-15, 26-17.5)
Estimated Annual output (kWh)
WIND SPEED: 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Kilowatt Hrs. 19727 25704 32297 39289 46468 53646 60665 67398 73743
FuhrländerLorax Energy Systems, Rhode Island www.lorax-energy.com
FL 3030 kW
FL 100100 kW
FL 250250 kW
Over-Speed Protection During High Winds
• Upward Furling: The rotor tilts back during high winds
Over-Speed Protection During High Winds
• Angle Governor: The rotor turns up and to one side
Over-Speed Protection During High Winds
• Side Furling: The rotor turns to one side under high winds
HAWT - Downwind
Proven WT600
• Configuration: 2 or 3 blades, no tail, blades face downwind
• Blades: Fiber-reinforced plastics
• Over-Speed Protection: Zebedee Furl (blade coning), tip brakes, stall regulation
• Generator: Direct-drive, permanent magnet alternator (no brushes), 3-phase AC, variable-speed operation
wind
Proven Engineering Products, Ltd.Scotland, United Kingdom www.provenenergy.comWT600
600 W
WT2500 2.5 kW WT6000
6 kW
Proven Blade Coning
• Flexible Zebedee hinge• As RPM increases, blades
are thrown outwards by centrifugal force
• Changes aerodynamic pitch
• 10-15 year hinge life
VAWT – Drag & Lift
Darrieus
• Configuration: Lift or Drag
• Drag: Anemometer, Savonius
• Lift: Darrieus, H-Darrieus
SavoniusMother Earth News
Anemometer
Savonius (S-rotor)
• Make from buckets, paddles, sails, and oil drums
• originated in Finland • tsr ≈ 1• Can be useful for grinding
grain, pumping water, and many other tasks
• …but are not good for generating electricity (low speed, high torque)
Darrieus Lift-Type Vertical-Axis Machines
• French engineer Georges Darrieus patented the design in 1931
• Plus: generator on ground, yawing not required
• Minus: low to ground, low efficiency, not self-starting, vibration, high bearing forces
Darrieus, curved blades
H-Darrieus, straight blades
Darrieus/Savonius combo
Beech Mountain Turbines
SWWPAirX400W
33 kWh/mon
SWWP Whisper
H40900W
155 kWh/mo
BergeyXL.1
1000W
185 kWh/mo
AfricanAWP3.6
1500W
362 kWh/mo
SWWP Whisper
1753000W
697 kWh/mo
Jacobs31-2020kW
3991 kWh/mo