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WildflowerSpeciesforPotential Agriculture,Landscaping,andReclamationApplicationsInSoutheastWyoming
BrianSebade1 andJenniferThompson11UniversityofWyomingExtension,3520S.3rd St.Laramie,WY82070,[email protected]
ABSTRACT• Wildflowerscanbenefitagriculturalproducers,newhomeowners,andsmall
acreagelandownersbyattractingandfeedingpollinatorinsects.ThisprojectcanbedirectlytiedtomanagementpracticesanddecisionsforclienteleinSoutheastWyoming.Theobjectivesofthisprojectare:1)Comparetheestablishmentoftwodifferentseedmixes(WyomingWildflowerMixv.WesternWildflowerMix).2)Determinewhichtreatmentprovidesthebestestablishmentofwildflowers.3)Oncethewildflowershaveestablished,examineifnativeWyomingwildflowersattractmoreorlesspollinatorsthannon-Wyomingnativewildflowers.Seedswereplantedintosixofthetwelveplots(7mx7m)inthefallof2015andtheothersixwereplantedinthespringof2016.Plotswerearrangedinarandomizedcompleteblockdesign(3fallnativeplots,3springnativeplots,3fallcommercialplots,and3springcommercialplots).Seedmixeswereplantedatsimilarseedingratesforeachplotandeachspecificmix(nativeornon-native)wasplantedatthesameratepriortoprecipitationevents.Currentlyfallseedinghasledtobetterestablishmentforbothcommercialandnativewildflowers.ThetotalnumberofweedsforeachplotregardlessofcommercialorWyomingnativestatusisalmostthesame(Nativeplots15.3weeds/.25m^2,SD=4.07andcommercial15.0weeds/.25m^2,SD=4.07).Thetotalnumberofcommercialwildflowers(6.38flowers/.25m^2,SD=4.87)establishedisgreaterthannativewildflowers(1.1flowers/.25m^2SD=.99)established.Weplantocontinuemonitoringin2017forchangessincemanyWyomingnativewildflowersgerminateaftertwoyears.
BACKGROUNDWildflowerscanbenefitagriculturalproducers,newhomeowners,andsmallacreagelandownersbyattractingandfeedingpollinatorinsects.Wildflowerscanalsoincreaseaesthetics,grazingforwildlife,andstabilizebarrensoil.ThisprojectcanbedirectlytiedtomanagementpracticesanddecisionsforclienteleinSoutheastWyoming.Wehavesetupthestudytomimicascenariothatwouldbeasimilarapplicationformanylandownersandmanagers.ResultsfromthestudywillhavetheabilitytobedirectlyappliedtostakeholdersinSoutheastWyoming.
OBJECTIVES• Comparetheestablishmentoftwodifferentseedmixes(WyomingWildflower
Mixv.WesternWildflowerMix
• Determinewhichtreatmentprovidesthebestestablishmentofwildflowers
• Oncethewildflowershaveestablished,examineifnativeWyomingwildflowersattractmoreorlesspollinatorsthannon-Wyomingnativewildflowers
• Isthisaviableapplicationforlandowners,landmanagers,andagricultureproducersinsoutheastWyoming
METHODSThe commercialmixthatwasusedwaslabeled“Westernwildflowermix,”andcontainedthesemixestendtovarygreatlyandarenotnativetoWyoming.ThenativemixweusedcontainedspeciesnativetoWyoming.Atableislistedbelowforthespeciesusedinthestudy.Thedifferentmixeswerebroadcastseededinboththefallof2015andspringof2016.Priortoplantingthesoilwasdiskedandnoweedcontrolwasperformedatanytime.Weedcontrolwasnotpreformedtoemulatethemostbasicapproachforreseedingandtoprovideabaselineforfuturestudies.Seedswereplantedpriortoforecastedprecipitationevents.Seedmixeswereplantedatsimilarseedingratesforeachplot,andeachspecificmixwasplantedatthesamerate.Twelve7-meterby7-meter(23× 23feet) plotswereusedinarandomizedcompleteblockdesign(threefall-plantednativeplots,threespringnativeplots,threefallcommercialplots,andthreespringcommercialplots).Plantsweremonitoredforestablishment,desiredspecies,anddensityviaalinetransectatthreepointsusinga0.25-square-meter(.25m2=2.7squarefeet) hoop.Weedyplantspecieswerealsomonitoredduringthisprocess.Nosupplementalwaterorirrigationwasappliedatanytimeduringthetrial.
RESULTS
CONCLUSIONS• Weplantomonitortheplotsduringthe2017growingseasontocollectbetter
pollinatorinformation,andtorecordchangesinestablishment,density,numberofweedyplants,andspecificwildflowerspeciesofeachmix.Seedsthatdroppedtothegroundfrommatureplantsin2016mayaidintheestablishmentanddensityofwildflowerspeciesthisgrowingseason.Thereisalsoachancethatseedsplantedinfall2015andspring2016havenotyetgerminatedandmightprovideanincreaseinplantnumbers.Asstatedintheresultsabove,thenumberofweedswithineachplotisquitesubstantialregardlessoftreatmentandshouldberecognizedasapotentialissue.landownersandmanagersoflargeandsmallacreagescandecreasethenumberofweedsbycontrollingweedspriorandafterseedhavebeenplanted.
WyomingWildflowerMix ScientificName Perennial orAnnual FlowerColor
Prairie coneflower Ratibida columnifera Perennial Yellowandoccasionalred
Missourievening primrose Oenothera macrocarpa Perennial Yellow
RockyMountainpenstemon Penstemon strictus Perennial Blue
Black-eyedSusan Rubbeckia hirta Perennial Yellow
Firecrackerpenstemon Penstemon eatonii Perennial Red
Goldentickseed Coreopsistinctoria Perennial Yellowwithreddishtobrownspots
WesternWildflowerMixDwarfcornflower Centaurea cyanus Annual blue
Deerhorn clarkia Clarkiapulchella Annual Pink-white
Clarkia Clarkiaungiuculata Annual Pink-lavender
Plainscoreopsis Coreopsistinctoria Annual Yellowwithreddishtobrownspots
Californiapoppy Eschscholzia californica Annual Yellowand orange
Perennialgaillardia Gaillardiaaristata Perennial Yellowtored
Annualgaillardia Gillardia pulchella Annual Yelow tored
Globegilia Gilia capitata Annual Blue
Candytuft Iberis umbellata Annual White,pink,andpurple
Blueflax Linum perenne Perennial Blue
Perenniallupine Lupinus perennis Perennial Blue
Polkadotmixcornflower Machaerantheratanacetifolia
Annual Purple, pink,andWhite
Eveningprimrose(Dwarf) Oenothera missouriensis Perennial Yellow
Eveningprimrose Oenothera pallida Perennial White
CornPoppy Papaverrhoeas Annual White,pink,andred
Palmerpenstemon Penstemon palmeri Perennial Pink
RockyMtn.penstemon Penstemon strictus Perennial Blue
Prairieconeflower Ratibida columnifera Perennial Yellowandsometimesred
Greenthread Thelesperma filifolium Annual Yellow
Showygoldeneye Viguiera multiflora Perennial Yellow
Table1liststhespeciesusedineachmixwithflowercolorandifplantswereannualsorperennials.
Table1
Currentlyfallseedinghasledtobetterestablishmentforbothwildflowersmixes.ThetotalnumberofweedsforeachplotregardlessofwesternwildflowermixorWyomingwildflowermixisalmostthesame(Nativeplots15.3weeds/.25m^2,SD=4.07andcommercial15.0weeds/.25m^2,SD=4.07).Thetotalnumberofwildflowersestablishedinthewesternmix(6.38flowers/.25m^2,SD=4.87)isgreaterthanthenumberofwildflowersestablishedintheWyomingmixplots(1.1flowers/.25m^2SD=.99).Theestablishmentofofflowersinthewesternmixplotsisexclusivelyofannualwildflowers,whereastheWyomingmixisperennialplants.
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
1 2 3 4
Num
bero
fWilflowers
Numberofplantsthatestablishedforeachtreatment.Treatment#1isspringWyomingmix,treatment#2isfallWyomingmix,treatment#3is
springwesternmix,andtreatment#4fallwesternmix.
NumberofWildflowerandWeedsEstablished
#ofWildlfower#ofWeeds
PlotlayoutattheLaramieResearchandExtensionCenterGreenhouseComplex
