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Wideband PowerLine Positioning for Indoor Localization
Ubicomp 2008Presenter: Vincent
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Outline
• Overview• PLP background• Proposed Solution• Test environment• Wideband PLP Results• Conclusion
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Overview
• Patel et al. (UbiComp 2006) introduced PowerLine Positioning (PLP), a fingerprinting-based indoor localization system.
• PLP Limitations– Suboptimal frequency-pair selection.– Sensitivity to noise.– Temporal stability.
• Solution– replace the frequency-pair approach with a wideband signal.
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PLP Background
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PLP Background
• Amplitudes create a unique signature at every physical location.
• Initial site survey required.
• K-Nearest-Neighbors used for post-site-survey mapping.
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Classification Results
• KNN classification of 66 grid-points using a K value of 1.
• Frequency pairs chosen independently for each of the three granularities for worst and best cases.
• Test and training data captured several hours apart.
8.5
MH
z, 9
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8.5
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447
kHz,
11.
5 M
Hz
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Noise Sensitivity
• How sensitive is two-frequency amplitude data to noise?
• Added zero-mean Gaussian noise.
• Trained on the original uncorrupted data and tested on the corrupted data.
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How much noise exists?
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How much noise exists?
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Proposed Solution
• Frequency pair approach suffers from poor performance and noise sensitivity.
• Proposed solution: wideband signaling– Use all 44 tested frequency amplitudes for
classification - 44 dimensional classifier space. (447kHz, 448kHz, 600kHz, 601kHz, 500kHz ~ 20MHz in 500kHz steps)
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Test Environments• 66 surveyed grid-points
on a best-effort 0.9m x 0.9m grid.
• 3 Levels of classification– Room– Sub-room– Grid
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Measurement Apparatus• Software radio used to record raw over-the-air waveforms
with a 64 MHz ADC.• Broadband loop-antenna used for prototyping speed and
flexibility.• Necessary hardware has been reduced to portable size for
deployments in the future.
Locator “tag”
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Wideband Results
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Do you need 44 frequencies?
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Wideband Noise Resistance
Narrowband, 2 Frequency Wideband, 44 Frequency
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Wideband Temporal Stability
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Conclusion
• PLP Limitations– Suboptimal frequency-pair selection.– Sensitivity to noise.– Temporal stability.
• Solution– replace the frequency-pair approach with a
wideband signal.