Download - Why is optical networking interesting?
Why is optical
networking interesting?
Cees de Laatwww.science.uva.nl/~delaat
Why is optical
networking interesting?
EUSURFnetUniversity of Amsterdam
SARANIKHEF
serena
Cees de aatCees de Laatwww.science.uva.nl/~delaatwww.science.uva.nl/~deaat
What is this buzz about optical
networking
• Networks are already optical for ages
• Users won’t see the light
• Almost all current projects are about SONET circuits and Ethernet (old wine in new bags?)
• Are we going back to the telecom world, do NRN’s want to become telco’s
• Does it scale
• Is it all about speed or is it integrated services
Current technology + (re)definition
• Current (to me) available technology consists of SONET/SDH switches
• Changing very soon!
• DWDM+switching coming up
• Starlight uses for the time being VLAN’s on Ethernet switches to connect [exactly] two ports
• So redefine a as:
“a is a pipe where you can inspect packets as they enter and when they exit, but principally not when in transit. In transit one
only deals with the parameters of the pipe: number, color, bandwidth”
VLBI
Know the user
BW requirements
# of users
C
A
B
A -> Lightweight users, browsing, mailing, home use
B -> Business applications, multicast, streaming, VPN’s, mostly LAN
C -> Special scientific applications, computing, data grids, virtual-presence
ADSL GigE LAN
(3 of 12)
F(t)
What the user
BW requirements
Total BW
C
A
B
A -> Need full Internet routing, one to many
B -> Need VPN services on/and full Internet routing, several to several
C -> Need very fat pipes, limited multiple Virtual Organizations, few to few
ADSL GigE LAN
(4 of 12)
So what are the facts
• Costs of fat pipes (fibers) are one/third of equipment to
light them up
– Is what Lambda salesmen tell me
• Costs of optical equipment 10% of switching 10 % of
full routing equipment for same throughput
– 100 Byte packet @ 10 Gb/s -> 80 ns to look up in 100 Mbyte
routing table (light speed from me to you on the back row!)
• Big sciences need fat pipes
• Bottom line: create a hybrid architecture which serves
all users in one consistent cost effective way
(5 of 12)
Scale 2-20-200
(5b of 12)
Services
2Metro
20National/regional
200World
A Switching/routing
Routing ROUTER$
B VPN’s, (G)MPLS
VPN’sRouting
Routing
C# ~ 200/RTT
dark fiberOptical switching
Lambda switching
Sub-lambdas, ethernet-sdh
COST
(5c of 12)
• lambda for high bandwidth
applications– Bypass of production network
– Middleware may request (optical) pipe
• RATIONALE:– Lower the cost of transport per
packet
Application
Middleware
Transport
Application
Middleware
Transport
Router
Router
UvA
Router
Router
3rd party carriers
Router
ams
chi
SURFnet5
UBC Vancouver
Switch
GbE
GbE
GbE
2.5Gb lambda
Lambda
Switch
Lambda
Switch
Lambda
Switch
Lambda
Switch
Switch
Router
High bandwidth app
(6 of 12)
CA*net 4 Architecture
Calgary ReginaWinnipeg
OttawaMontreal
Toronto
Halifax
St. John’s
Fredericton
Charlottetown
ChicagoSeattleNew York
CANARIEGigaPOP
ORAN DWDM
Carrier DWDM
Thunder Bay
CA*net 4 node)
Possible future CA*net 4 node
Quebec
Windsor
Edmonton
Saskatoon
Victoria
Vancouver
Boston
(7 of 12)
R
Architectures - L1 - L3
R
R
R
SWL2 VPN’s
Internet
Internet
Bring plumbing to the users, not just create sinks in the middle of nowhere
(8 of 12)
Distributed L2
lambda
SN5A’DAM
Univ A
SN5CHICAGO
Univ B
Univ X
Univ Y
Layer 2 VPN
(8a of 12)
Transport in the corners
BW*RTT
# FLOWS
For what current Internet was designed
Needs more App & Middleware interaction
C
A
B
Full optical future
?
(9 of 13)
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
(9a of 13)
Layer - 2 requirements from 3/4
TCP is bursty due to sliding window protocol and slow start algorithm. So pick from menu:•Flow control•Traffic Shaping•RED (Random Early Discard)•Self clocking in TCP•Deep memory
Window = BandWidth * RTT & BW == slow
fast - slowMemory-at-bottleneck = ___________ * slow * RTT fast
WS WSL2
fast->slowL2
slow->fastfast fasthigh RTT
(10 of 14)
Forbidden area, solutions for s when f = 1 Gb/s, M = 0.5 MbyteAND NOT USING FLOWCONTROL
s
rtt
= 158 ms = RTT Amsterdam - Vancouver or Berkeley
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1 51 101 151 201 251 301 351 401 451 501
Daisy Chain control model of
administrative domainsSelectorSwitch
DistributorSwitch
AAA AAA
Domain X Domain Y
(11 of 14)
Problem Solving Environment
Applications and Supporting Tools
Application Development Support
Common Grid
Services
LocalResources
Gri
d
Info
rmat
ion
S
ervi
ce
Un
ifo
rmR
eso
urc
eA
cces
s
Bro
keri
ng
Glo
bal
Q
ueu
ing
Glo
bal
Eve
nt
Ser
vice
s
Co
-S
ched
uli
ng
Dat
a C
atal
og
uin
g
Un
ifo
rm D
ata
Acc
ess
Co
mm
un
icat
ion
S
ervi
ces
Au
tho
riza
tio
n
Grid Security Infrastructure (authentication, proxy, secure transport)
Au
dit
ing
Fau
lt
Man
ag
emen
t
Mo
nit
ori
ng
Communication
ResourceManager
CPUs
ResourceManagerTertiary Storage
ResourceManagerOn-Line Storage
ResourceManagerScientific
Instruments
ResourceManager Monitors
ResourceManager
Highspeed Data
Transport
ResourceManagernet QoS
(Resource)
layers of increasing abstraction taxonomy
Grid access (proxy authentication, authorization, initiation)
Grid task initiation
Collective Grid
Services
Fabric
the
nec
k
(12 of 14)
7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1
7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1
7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1
7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1
7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1
7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1
7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1
7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1
GRID-Layer
7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1
ISP’speering
L3
7, 6
, 5, 4
, 3, 2
, 1
7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1
GR
ID-L
ayer
7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1
7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1
CE
SE
UENE
L3
L2
L1
7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1
7, 6
, 5, 4
, 3, 2
, 1
7, 6
, 5, 4
, 3, 2
, 1
7, 6
, 5, 4
, 3, 2
, 1
(13 of 14)
7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1
7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1
7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1
7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1
7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1
7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1
7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1
7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1
GRID-Layer
7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1
ISP’s
L17,
6, 5
, 4, 3
, 2, 1
7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1
GR
ID-L
ayer
7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1
7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1
CE
SE
UE
NE
L1L2
L3/4
7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1L1-tranport
7, 6
, 5, 4
, 3, 2
, 1
7, 6
, 5, 4
, 3, 2
, 1
7, 6
, 5, 4
, 3, 2
, 1
(13b of 14)
Research needed
• Optical devices
• Internet Architecture
• Network Elements as Grid Resources
• Transport protocols get in other corners
• How dynamic must your optical underware be
• Don’t mix trucks and Ferrari’s
(13c of 14)
Revisiting the truck of tapes
Consider one fiber
•Current technology allows 320 in one of the frequency bands
•Each has a bandwidth of 40 Gbit/s
•Transport: 320 * 40*109 / 8 = 1600 GByte/sec
• Take a 10 metric ton truck
•One tape contains 50 Gbyte, weights 100 gr
•Truck contains ( 10000 / 0.1 ) * 50 Gbyte = 5 PByte
• Truck / fiber = 5 PByte / 1600 GByte/sec = 3125 s ≈ one hour
• For distances further away than a truck drives in one hour (50 km)
minus loading and handling 100000 tapes the fiber wins!!!
(14 of 14)
The END
Thanks to
TERENA: David Williams
SURFnet: Kees Neggers
UIC&iCAIR: Tom DeFanti, Joel Mambretti
CANARIE: Bill St. ArnaudSupport from:
SURFnet
EU-IST project DATATAG
(15 of 14)
26/11/1910 -- 11/9/2002