Whole Body Terms
CHAPTER 4
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Structural Organization• Cells
– Smallest, most numerous structural unit• Tissues
– Groups of similar cells with specialized functions
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Structural Organization• Organs
– Tissues arranged together to perform a particular function
• Body systems– Organization of different organs to perform
bodily functions
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Terms Relating to Cells• Anaplasia• Aplasia• Dysplasia• Hyperplasia• Hypoplasia• Neoplasia
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Types of Tissues
• Connective• Epithelial• Muscle
– Skeletal– Smooth or Visceral– Cardiac
• Nervous
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Body Planes
• Midsagittal– Divides body into equal right and left portions
• Midline of the body– Medial– Lateral
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Body Planes
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Body Planes
• Frontal or coronal– Divides body into front and back portions
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Body Planes
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Body Planes
• Transverse– Cuts across body– Superior (Cranial, Cephalic)– Inferior (Caudal)
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Body Planes
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Body Regions
• Nine abdominal regions– Identified from left to right– Move from top to bottom– One row at a time
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Body Regions
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Abdominal Quadrants
• Landmark = umbilicus (navel)• Quadrants
– RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ– McBurney’s point– Monro’s point
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Abdominal Quadrants
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Body Cavities
• Ventral cavity– Thoracic – Abdominal – Pelvic
• Dorsal cavity– Cranial– Spinal
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Body Cavities
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Divisions of the Back
• Cervical Vertebrae (C1 – C7)• Thoracic Vertebrae (T1 – T12)• Lumbar Vertebrae (L1 – L5)• Sacrum• Coccyx
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Divisions of the Back
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Directional Terms
• Superficial vs. Deep• Anterior vs. Posterior• Ventral vs. Dorsal• Superior vs. Inferior• Cranial vs. Caudal
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Directional Terms
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Directional Terms
• Medial vs. Lateral• Distal vs. Proximal• Supine vs. Prone• Supination vs. Pronation• Plantar vs. Dorsum
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Directional Terms