Download - Who are the French Homeless Families?
EUROPEAN RESEARCH CONFERENCEHomelessness, Migration and Demographic Change in Europe
Pisa, 16th September 2011
Interdisciplinary Center 'Sciences
for peace’
Who are the French Homeless Families ?
Erwan Le Méner, Samusocial de Paris / ENS Cachan
Emmanuelle Guyavarch, Samusocial de Paris
EUROPEAN RESEARCH CONFERENCEHomelessness, Migration and Demographic Change in Europe
Pisa, 16th September 2011
Contents
Foreword: the ENFAMS action research project
A growing but undocumented population
A socio-demographic analysis of 115 homeless families
Policy analysis
Conclusion - A forthcoming public problem ?
EUROPEAN RESEARCH CONFERENCEHomelessness, Migration and Demographic Change in Europe
Pisa, 16th September 2011
Foreword: the ENFAMS action research project
Enfants et FAMilles Sans logement (homeless families and children)
2011-2013 research program including: A policy analysis An ethnographic fieldwork An epidemiological and sociological survey
Sponsors: Fondation Macif, Unicef France, Caisse Nationale des Allocations familiales
EUROPEAN RESEARCH CONFERENCEHomelessness, Migration and Demographic Change in Europe
Pisa, 16th September 2011
Part 1 – A growing but undocumented population
Survey figures
115 figures in Paris
Scientific invisibility
EUROPEAN RESEARCH CONFERENCEHomelessness, Migration and Demographic Change in Europe
Pisa, 16th September 2011
Survey figures (1)
Tableau des différentes enquêtes
Survey (main reference)
Geographical scale
Percentage of adults living with
children
Reconstructed estimation of
people living in families in Ile-de-
France
SD 1995 (Marpsat and Firdion, 2000)
Paris urban area 8% ?
SD 2001 (Brousse, 2006)
France 22% > 6,600
Samenta 2009 (Laporte and Chauvin 2010
Ile-de-France 24% >10,000
Tab. 1. Homeless Families in French surveys
EUROPEAN RESEARCH CONFERENCEHomelessness, Migration and Demographic Change in Europe
Pisa, 16th September 2011
Survey figures (2)
Limitations: Children don’t appear in the final census Foreign langage speaking people are not
interviewed Hotel sampling data basis is partial
Underestimation = source of invisibility
EUROPEAN RESEARCH CONFERENCEHomelessness, Migration and Demographic Change in Europe
Pisa, 16th September 2011
115 figures in Paris (1)
115 = emergency call center for homeless people (> hotels providing for homeless families)
A unique source of data for longitudinal analysis
Limitations: provider data (vs. surveys); geographical scale; representativeness
EUROPEAN RESEARCH CONFERENCEHomelessness, Migration and Demographic Change in Europe
Pisa, 16th September 2011
115 figures in Paris (2) Graph. 1. Evolution of the number of nights attributed and number of users, 115 in
Paris, 1999-2010
2010: Paris’s 115 has sheltered more parents and children than single adults
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
1600000
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Num
ber o
f use
rs
Num
ber o
f nig
hts
years
Singles persons nights Famililes nights Single persons Persons counting as families
EUROPEAN RESEARCH CONFERENCEHomelessness, Migration and Demographic Change in Europe
Pisa, 16th September 2011
Scientific invisibility
A few instances
Almost never a matter of interest
A realistic and a constructivist account for this neglect
EUROPEAN RESEARCH CONFERENCEHomelessness, Migration and Demographic Change in Europe
Pisa, 16th September 2011
Part 2 – A sociodemographic analysis of 115 homeless families
Sex and age ratios
Family structure
National origins
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Pisa, 16th September 2011
Sex and age ratios (1)Graph. 2. 1999 sex and age ratios – single persons vs. parents and children (Source: 115 in Paris)
700 500 300 100 100 300 500 700
05
1015202530354045505560657075
80+1999
Living in families
Single persons
WomenMen
EUROPEAN RESEARCH CONFERENCEHomelessness, Migration and Demographic Change in Europe
Pisa, 16th September 2011
Sex and age ratios (2)
Graph. 3. 2010 sex and age ratios – single persons vs. parents and children (Source: 115 in Paris)
700 500 300 100 100 300 500 700
05
1015202530354045505560
65
70
75
80+2010
Living in families
Single persons
WomenMen
EUROPEAN RESEARCH CONFERENCEHomelessness, Migration and Demographic Change in Europe
Pisa, 16th September 2011
Family structure
Couple avec enfant(s)
42%
Mère seule avec enfant(s)
46%
Père seul avec enfant(s)
2%
Couple avec femme enceinte
3%
Femme enceinte seule
6%
Autre1%
Graph. 4. The structure of 115 homeless families in 2010 (Source: 115 in Paris)
EUROPEAN RESEARCH CONFERENCEHomelessness, Migration and Demographic Change in Europe
Pisa, 16th September 2011
National origins
Afrique 47%
Asie 11%Amérique du
Sud 1%
France 12%
Autre UE27 23%
Autre Europe 7%
Europe 42%dont :
Graph. 5. 2010 – The national origins of 115 homeless families (Source: 115 in Paris)
EUROPEAN RESEARCH CONFERENCEHomelessness, Migration and Demographic Change in Europe
Pisa, 16th September 2011
Part 3 - Policy analysis
Objectives and methodology
The institutionalization of family administration
The hotel system: just a substitute shelter?
Social emergency: a public policies consequence ?
EUROPEAN RESEARCH CONFERENCEHomelessness, Migration and Demographic Change in Europe
Pisa, 16th September 2011
Objectives and methodology
Sundry publics, one emergency shelter system?
Who do you what? For what? With what? For what results and consequences?
50/150 semi-structured interviews with public administrations and associations
EUROPEAN RESEARCH CONFERENCEHomelessness, Migration and Demographic Change in Europe
Pisa, 16th September 2011
The institutionalization of family administration
A system made for single males
A few associations for a growing population; an early specialization
State and local administrations’ bargainings
Hotels = both a solution and a source of problems
EUROPEAN RESEARCH CONFERENCEHomelessness, Migration and Demographic Change in Europe
Pisa, 16th September 2011
The hotel system: Just a substitute shelter?
Territorial inequalities (see map 1)
A multiscale revolving doors phenomenon
Coordination at stake?
Map 1. Geographical distribution of 115 families nights, Ile-de-France, 2010 (Source : 115 de Paris)
EUROPEAN RESEARCH CONFERENCEHomelessness, Migration and Demographic Change in Europe
Pisa, 16th September 2011
Social emergency: a public policies consequence ?
Who is accountable for these families ?
Confusion of migration and homelessness policies
Social emergency as a policy abeyance
EUROPEAN RESEARCH CONFERENCEHomelessness, Migration and Demographic Change in Europe
Pisa, 16th September 2011
Conclusion: A forthcoming public problem?
Credit restrictions affecting homeless families (April-May, 2011)
Politization of the debate: end of a decade of consensus ?
Social movement
“Homeless Families” on the public stage: “de-socialization” of public problems ?