![Page 1: Whitefly control in winter - Canadian Greenhouse Conference · 2016-11-08 · 1. Greenhouse whitefly . Trialeurodes vaporariorum • Naturally occurring in Ontario • Wide host range](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042416/5f3175c3a76e980e380dadb5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Whitefly control in winterSarah Jandricic, OMAFRAGreenhouse Floriculture IPM Specialist
![Page 2: Whitefly control in winter - Canadian Greenhouse Conference · 2016-11-08 · 1. Greenhouse whitefly . Trialeurodes vaporariorum • Naturally occurring in Ontario • Wide host range](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042416/5f3175c3a76e980e380dadb5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Whitefly Species
GWF SWFGWF eggs
GWF pupaSWF pupa
SWF GWF
1. Greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum• Naturally occurring in Ontario• Wide host range• Commonly associated with
Gerbera, greenhouse vegetables
2. Silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia)Bemisia tabaci• Typically Imported on cuttings• Commonly associated with
poinsettia, mandivilla
![Page 3: Whitefly control in winter - Canadian Greenhouse Conference · 2016-11-08 · 1. Greenhouse whitefly . Trialeurodes vaporariorum • Naturally occurring in Ontario • Wide host range](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042416/5f3175c3a76e980e380dadb5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Year-Round Control
Photo from greenhousehut.com
- WF numbers are lower in winter, but SO IS CONTROL- outbreaks in spring; WHY?
![Page 4: Whitefly control in winter - Canadian Greenhouse Conference · 2016-11-08 · 1. Greenhouse whitefly . Trialeurodes vaporariorum • Naturally occurring in Ontario • Wide host range](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042416/5f3175c3a76e980e380dadb5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Biocontrol of whiteflies
GWF BemisiaParasitic wasps:Encarsia formosa
Eretmocerus eremicus
Eretmocerus mundus
Predators:Amblyseius swirskii
Amblydromalus limonicus
Delphastus (lady beetle)
![Page 5: Whitefly control in winter - Canadian Greenhouse Conference · 2016-11-08 · 1. Greenhouse whitefly . Trialeurodes vaporariorum • Naturally occurring in Ontario • Wide host range](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042416/5f3175c3a76e980e380dadb5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Wasps and “Winter”ConditionsENCARSIA ERETMOCEROUS
- Lower oviposition- Reduced host feeding
- Lower oviposition- Reduced host feeding
Zilahi-balogh, Shipp, Cloutierc, and Brodeur. 2006. Env. Ent. 35: 581-589
![Page 6: Whitefly control in winter - Canadian Greenhouse Conference · 2016-11-08 · 1. Greenhouse whitefly . Trialeurodes vaporariorum • Naturally occurring in Ontario • Wide host range](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042416/5f3175c3a76e980e380dadb5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Limonicus:
• Feeds on eggs AND nymphal stages of all WF species
• Mite least affected by environmental conditions in winter
• Perform well at low temps (13° C)
• More $$ than Swirskii, but thought to be more effective for WF
© MAP / Mise Au Point – http://www.map-photos.com
Limonicus to the Rescue?
![Page 7: Whitefly control in winter - Canadian Greenhouse Conference · 2016-11-08 · 1. Greenhouse whitefly . Trialeurodes vaporariorum • Naturally occurring in Ontario • Wide host range](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042416/5f3175c3a76e980e380dadb5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
In Winter 2015:
• Trial 1: Control of GHWF in pot gerbera
• Trial 2: Control of GHWF in cut gerbera
• Trial 3: Control of Bemisia in Mandevilla
To See How Limonicus fits in…
![Page 8: Whitefly control in winter - Canadian Greenhouse Conference · 2016-11-08 · 1. Greenhouse whitefly . Trialeurodes vaporariorum • Naturally occurring in Ontario • Wide host range](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042416/5f3175c3a76e980e380dadb5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Trial 1: GHWF control in Potted Gerbera
• Control History: Pesticides only (Kontos, Beleaf, Intercept, etc.)
• GHWF population proving difficult to control
• Issue: needed to clean up already infested plants for sale in 4 weeks…
![Page 9: Whitefly control in winter - Canadian Greenhouse Conference · 2016-11-08 · 1. Greenhouse whitefly . Trialeurodes vaporariorum • Naturally occurring in Ontario • Wide host range](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042416/5f3175c3a76e980e380dadb5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Treatment 1 (control) Treatment 2 Treatment 3 Treatment 4
Kontos
Trial 1: GHWF control in Potted Gerbera
![Page 10: Whitefly control in winter - Canadian Greenhouse Conference · 2016-11-08 · 1. Greenhouse whitefly . Trialeurodes vaporariorum • Naturally occurring in Ontario • Wide host range](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042416/5f3175c3a76e980e380dadb5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
010203040506070
1 2 3
% o
f Pla
nts
Infe
sted
Week After Treatment
Parasitoids Only(Control)
Kontos +Parasitoids
Limonicus +Parasitoids
Limonicus + Food +Parasitoids
• Limonicus: 150 mites/m2 – one release; Encarcia/Eretmocerus mix: high release rate• Avg. 19 °C
RESULTS: Potted Gerbera
![Page 11: Whitefly control in winter - Canadian Greenhouse Conference · 2016-11-08 · 1. Greenhouse whitefly . Trialeurodes vaporariorum • Naturally occurring in Ontario • Wide host range](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042416/5f3175c3a76e980e380dadb5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
15
25
35
45
55
65
1 2 3
% o
f Pla
nts
Infe
sted
Week After Treatment
Parasitoids Only(Control)
Kontos +Parasitoids
Limonicus +Parasitoids
Limonicus + Food +Parasitoids
• Limonicus: 150 mites/m2 – one release; Encarcia/Eretmocerus mix: high release rate• Avg. 19 °C ; 1 bench/trt
RESULTS: Potted Gerbera
![Page 12: Whitefly control in winter - Canadian Greenhouse Conference · 2016-11-08 · 1. Greenhouse whitefly . Trialeurodes vaporariorum • Naturally occurring in Ontario • Wide host range](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042416/5f3175c3a76e980e380dadb5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
• Limonicus: 150 mites/m2 – one release; Encarcia/Eretmocerus mix: High release rate; Avg. 19 °C; 1 bench/trt
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1 2 3
Avg.
GH
WF
/ pla
nt
Week After Treament
ParasitoidsOnly (control)
Kontos +Parasitoids
Limonicus +Parasitoids
Limonicus +Food +Parasitoids
RESULTS: Potted Gerbera
![Page 13: Whitefly control in winter - Canadian Greenhouse Conference · 2016-11-08 · 1. Greenhouse whitefly . Trialeurodes vaporariorum • Naturally occurring in Ontario • Wide host range](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042416/5f3175c3a76e980e380dadb5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Outcomes:• Kontos too slow + may have disrupted biocontrol by
wasps (foliar application)• Results suggest Limonicus has potential to help clean
up GHWF populations in winter months• Attempted to repeat trial several weeks later but not enough
WF pressure after grower added Limonicus to crop!
Trial 1: GHWF control in Potted Gerbera
Grower currently using:- Limonicus in propagation (year round)- Wasp mix out in GH (Mar – Oct)- Limonicus out in crop Oct-Mar if necessary- Relying on Swirskii for thrips control only
![Page 14: Whitefly control in winter - Canadian Greenhouse Conference · 2016-11-08 · 1. Greenhouse whitefly . Trialeurodes vaporariorum • Naturally occurring in Ontario • Wide host range](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042416/5f3175c3a76e980e380dadb5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Trial 2: GHWF control in Cut Gerbera
• Control History: Biocontrol + Soap applications• Issue: Unhappy with level of control parasitic wasps +
Swirskii were providing over winter• Leading to high levels once temps. Warmed up
![Page 15: Whitefly control in winter - Canadian Greenhouse Conference · 2016-11-08 · 1. Greenhouse whitefly . Trialeurodes vaporariorum • Naturally occurring in Ontario • Wide host range](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042416/5f3175c3a76e980e380dadb5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Results: GHWF control in Cut Gerbera
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Avg.
GH
WF
/leaf
Mites + Wasps Mites+ Wasps + Pollen
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2-Dec 22-Dec 11-Jan 31-Jan 20-Feb
Avg.
imm
atur
e W
F/le
af
![Page 16: Whitefly control in winter - Canadian Greenhouse Conference · 2016-11-08 · 1. Greenhouse whitefly . Trialeurodes vaporariorum • Naturally occurring in Ontario • Wide host range](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042416/5f3175c3a76e980e380dadb5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Outcomes:• Suggests Limonicus can help keep WF populations
stable in winter in cut gerbera; pollen feeding may help
• Grower happier with GHWF numbers this year than previous years
Trial 1: GHWF control in Potted Gerbera
Grower currently using:- Wasp mix (Mar – Nov)- Wasps + Limonicus (Nov-Mar)- Spot treatments with Delphastus, Soap
![Page 17: Whitefly control in winter - Canadian Greenhouse Conference · 2016-11-08 · 1. Greenhouse whitefly . Trialeurodes vaporariorum • Naturally occurring in Ontario • Wide host range](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042416/5f3175c3a76e980e380dadb5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Trial 3: Bemisia control in Mandevilla• History: Grower already using Eretmocerus eremicus
and Swirskii at high rates; pesticides didn’t work in past (Kontos, Beleaf, others).
• Issue: not happy with results using current bios
![Page 18: Whitefly control in winter - Canadian Greenhouse Conference · 2016-11-08 · 1. Greenhouse whitefly . Trialeurodes vaporariorum • Naturally occurring in Ontario • Wide host range](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042416/5f3175c3a76e980e380dadb5/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Treatment 1 (control) Treatment 2 Treatment 3
- 2 blocks/trt; 20 plants/trt sampled biweekly
Trial 3: Bemisia control in Mandevilla
![Page 19: Whitefly control in winter - Canadian Greenhouse Conference · 2016-11-08 · 1. Greenhouse whitefly . Trialeurodes vaporariorum • Naturally occurring in Ontario • Wide host range](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042416/5f3175c3a76e980e380dadb5/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Results: Bemisia control in Mandevilla
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
12-Nov 2-Dec 22-Dec 11-Jan 31-Jan 20-Feb 11-Mar 31-Mar 20-Apr
AVG
. WH
ITEF
LY P
ER P
OT
Wasps Only + Limonicus + Limonicus with Food
• Eretmocerus, High Rate: 75 wasps/m2/week; Limonicus, High Rate: 150 mites/m2
every 3 weeks ;16-18 °C
Koppert “heavy curative rate” = 9/m2/week for 3 weeks= 28 wasps/m2 total
Us: 75 wasps/m2/week= banana pants (1000 waps/m2 total)
![Page 20: Whitefly control in winter - Canadian Greenhouse Conference · 2016-11-08 · 1. Greenhouse whitefly . Trialeurodes vaporariorum • Naturally occurring in Ontario • Wide host range](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042416/5f3175c3a76e980e380dadb5/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Results: Bemisia control in Mandevilla
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
12-Nov 2-Dec 22-Dec 11-Jan 31-Jan 20-Feb 11-Mar 31-Mar 20-Apr
AVG
. WH
ITEF
LY P
ER P
OT
Wasps Only + Limonicus + Limonicus with Food
• Eretmocerus, High Rate: 75 wasps/m2/week; Limonicus, High Rate: 150 mites/m2
every 3 weeks ;16-18 °C
Koppert “heavy curative rate” = 250 mites/m2 for 3 weeks = 750 mites/m2 total
Us: 150 mites/m2 every 3 weeks = 750 mites over 14 weeks
Koppert “heavy curative rate” = 9/m2/week for 3 weeks= 28 wasps/m2 total
Us: 75 wasps/m2/week= banana pants (1000 waps/m2 total)
![Page 21: Whitefly control in winter - Canadian Greenhouse Conference · 2016-11-08 · 1. Greenhouse whitefly . Trialeurodes vaporariorum • Naturally occurring in Ontario • Wide host range](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042416/5f3175c3a76e980e380dadb5/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Results: Bemisia control in Mandevilla
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
12-Nov 2-Dec 22-Dec 11-Jan 31-Jan 20-Feb 11-Mar 31-Mar 20-Apr
AVG
. WH
ITEF
LY P
ER P
OT
Wasps Only + Limonicus + Limonicus with Food
First Release
• Eremicus, High Rate: 75 wasps/m2/week; Limonicus, High Rate: 150 mites/m2
every 3 weeks ;16-18 °C
![Page 22: Whitefly control in winter - Canadian Greenhouse Conference · 2016-11-08 · 1. Greenhouse whitefly . Trialeurodes vaporariorum • Naturally occurring in Ontario • Wide host range](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042416/5f3175c3a76e980e380dadb5/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Results: Bemisia control in Mandevilla
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
12-Nov 2-Dec 22-Dec 11-Jan 31-Jan 20-Feb 11-Mar 31-Mar 20-Apr
AVG
. WH
ITEF
LY P
ER P
OT
Wasps Only + Limonicus + Limonicus with Food
First Release
• Eremicus, High Rate: 75 wasps/m2/week; Limonicus, High Rate: 150 mites/m2
every 3 weeks ;16-18 °C
![Page 23: Whitefly control in winter - Canadian Greenhouse Conference · 2016-11-08 · 1. Greenhouse whitefly . Trialeurodes vaporariorum • Naturally occurring in Ontario • Wide host range](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042416/5f3175c3a76e980e380dadb5/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Results: Bemisia control in Mandevilla
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
12-Nov 2-Dec 22-Dec 11-Jan 31-Jan 20-Feb 11-Mar 31-Mar 20-Apr
AVG
. WH
ITEF
LY P
ER P
OT
Wasps Only + Limonicus + Limonicus with Food
First Release
• Eremicus, High Rate: 75 wasps/m2/week; Limonicus, High Rate: 150 mites/m2
every 3 weeks ;16-18 °C
![Page 24: Whitefly control in winter - Canadian Greenhouse Conference · 2016-11-08 · 1. Greenhouse whitefly . Trialeurodes vaporariorum • Naturally occurring in Ontario • Wide host range](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042416/5f3175c3a76e980e380dadb5/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
• Outcomes• Even exorbitantly high rates of wasps did not provide
control in winter (more ≠ better)
• Limonicus $$$ but MUCH better than industry standard in winter
• Parasitoids get themselves together in early March
Trial 2: Limonicus for Bemisia control
Grower current using:- Dips at receipt- Eretmocerous only March – Oct- Limonicus only Oct-March- Relying on Swirskii for thrips control only
![Page 25: Whitefly control in winter - Canadian Greenhouse Conference · 2016-11-08 · 1. Greenhouse whitefly . Trialeurodes vaporariorum • Naturally occurring in Ontario • Wide host range](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042416/5f3175c3a76e980e380dadb5/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Where does Limonicus fit in?
• Though Swirskii is sold for WF control, not a key player
• Limonicus more effective than WF parasitoids for both GHWF and Bemisa control in winter
• Just adding more parasitoids doesn’t work
• Limoncus probably only makes sense in from Oct-Mar max. due to $$$• Qs: Can you skip Swirskii for thrips
control when using Limonicus? Use lower rate?
Summary
![Page 26: Whitefly control in winter - Canadian Greenhouse Conference · 2016-11-08 · 1. Greenhouse whitefly . Trialeurodes vaporariorum • Naturally occurring in Ontario • Wide host range](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042416/5f3175c3a76e980e380dadb5/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Subscribe to ONFloriculture Blog!
![Page 27: Whitefly control in winter - Canadian Greenhouse Conference · 2016-11-08 · 1. Greenhouse whitefly . Trialeurodes vaporariorum • Naturally occurring in Ontario • Wide host range](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042416/5f3175c3a76e980e380dadb5/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
The largest meeting on Greenhouse Integrated Pest Management in the World!
For more information, please visit iobccanada2017.ca or follow them on Twitter @iobcCanada17
Join us in Niagara Falls - 2017Integrated Control in Protected Crops, Temperate Climate (IOBC)
June 4-8 2017