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Where does Electricity Come From?
1.Renewable sources2.Non-renewable
sources3.Fossil Fuels4.Nuclear Power5.Solar 6.Wind7.Hydroelectric8.Future Technologies
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Learning Goals
• LG: Assess the major social, economic, and environmental costs and benefits of using electrical energy and distinguish between renewable and non-renewable sources.
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Success Criteria
• I know the difference between renewable energy and non-renewable energy sources and can give examples of each
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Energy Resources“original source”
Renewable
Renews itself over the course of a normal human life span.
Non-renewableIs not able to replenish itself within a human life span
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Non-renewable Resources
Fossil fuels• Oil, gas, coal• Energy released
from combustion is relatively cheap
• The world supply is decreasing
• Pollution problems
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Fossil Fuels
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Fossil Fuel Electricity Production• (1)Fossil Fuels are burned (2) in order to
heat water which creates steam (3) which causes a turbine to spin (4) which causes the generator to create electricity
1
2
3 4
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Fossil Fuels• Coal, oil and gas are called "fossil fuels"
because they have been formed from the organic remains of prehistoric plants and animals.
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Electricity Production – Fossil Fuel Power Plants
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Nuclear power
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Nuclear Fission• Uranium
atoms are broken down releasing atomic energy
• Radioactive waste problem
• Waste materials will be deadly for centuries
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• The reactor uses Uranium rods as fuel, and the heat is generated by nuclear fission.
• Neutrons smash into the nucleus of the uranium atoms, which split roughly in half and release energy in the form of heat.
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Nuclear• Is the same as Fossil Fuels except that the
heat generated is from a nuclear reaction. Water is heated which creates steam which spins a turbine creating electricity inside a generator.
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Electricity Production – Nuclear Power Plants
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Nuclear vs. The Rest
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End of Day 1
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Renewable Resources
Solar• Radiated energy from
the sun• Good for heating• No efficient solar
collection method has been devised yet for direct conversion to electrical energy.
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Types of solar
• Solar Cells (really called "photovoltaic" or "photoelectric" cells) convert light directly into electricity.
• Solar water heating, where heat from the Sun is used to heat water in glass panels on your roof.
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Solar• The energy gained from the sun is stored
inside a battery which supplies the power• The larger the battery, the more power
that can be stored
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Wind
• Kinetic (motion) energy from the wind can be transformed into mechanical energy, then electrical energy is made with turbines and generators (as seen before)
• Windy plains and shallow water are excellent location choices for wind turbines since flat open spaces offer little resistance to high speed winds.
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Wind power generator
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Hydro-electric Electricity
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Hydro-electric Energy (Dams)
• Water cycle causes evaporation and rain to fall in high geographic areas, then water flows back to sea level.
• The motion of water flowing down is converted to electrical energy as it flows through turbines.
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Hydro-electric Energy
A dam is built to trap water, usually in a valley where there is an existing lake.
• Water is allowed to flow through tunnels in the dam, to turn turbines and thus drive generators.
Hydroelectric
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Hydroelectric power
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Tidal Energy
• The motion of tides is harnessed.
• Similar to hydroelectric, but the cause of the water’s rise is different.
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• Shown below is the Annapolis Royal generating station which is the only modern tidal generating station in North America. The station is located in Nova Scotia
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Canada• Currently, most of our energy is produced using
Fossil Fuels, Nuclear energy and Hydroelectric means
• Unfortunately other sources such as solar and wind do not produce enough electricity to be a viable source
Energy Source Number of Stations % of total Electricity supply
Fossil Fuels 6 26
Nuclear Energy 5 50
Hydroelectric 69 22
Other 2
Total 100
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Future Technology and some that have been tried already
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Geothermal
• Thermal energy from beneath the earth’s crust is harnessed to heat water tanks.
• Thermal energy can also be used for the heating of homes
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Geothermal
• Hot rocks underground heat water to produce steam.
• We drill holes down to the hot region, steam comes up and is used to drive turbines, which drive electric generators.
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Electricity Production – Geothermal Energy
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Nuclear Fusion
• Joining Nuclei from small particles to form one large nucleus.
• The “grail” of energy researchers.
• Nuclear fusion is the process that occurs within our sun as hydrogen nuclei combine to form helium.