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What? Verbs are reflexive when the subject receives the action of the verb, in
English we say “self or selves” Reflexive Pronouns are:
Me NosTe OsSe Se
When do we use them? Reflexive verbs describe daily routines
Some Common Reflexives:Ducharse DespertarseLevantarse Vestirse
Examples:Me ducho cada día. I shower every day.Se levanta a las seis. She gets up at 6.Te despiertas a las diez. You go to bed at 10.Se visten cada dia. They get dressed everyday
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*Others describe a physical or emotional state
Some Common Reflexives:Divertirse sentirseExamples:Me divertí mucho. I enjoyed myself.Se siente fatal. She feels awful.
*Some describe a change of state and carry the additional meaning of “to get” or “to become”
Some Common Reflexives:Enojarse aburrirsePonerse cansarse
Examples:Me aburro mucho. I became very bored.Te cansas. You became tired.Se puso enojado. He became angry.Nos enojamos. We became angry.
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Reflexive verbs that change meaning:Irse-to leave Parecerse-to look like
Quitarse-to take off
Perderse-to get lost
Dormirse-to fall asleep
Quedarse-to stay
Volverse-to become
Darse cuenta de-to realize
Quejarse-to complain
Portarse bien-to behave
Verbs that are always reflexive:
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Reflexive pronouns in reciprocal actions:
To indicate what people do to or for each other use “nos” and “se” before the first person and first person plural of the verb
Mi hermana y yo nos hablamos cada dia. Alfonso y Jefe se pelean mucho.
You may place the reflexive pronoun before the conjugated verb or attached to the infinitive or participle in a verbal phrase.
Vamos a vernosmañana.Nos vamos a ver mañana.
Marisa y Paulo estaban abrazándose .Marisa y Paula se estaban abrazando.
Reflexive pronouns in reciprocal actions:
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**DO NOT FORGET TO CHACHACHA**
(place the accent on the third to last syllable when you add the pronoun to a present participle)
Examples: Abrazarse comprenderse entenderse
Ayudarse escribirse pelearseContarse besarse saludars verse leerse conocerse hablarse
llamarse llevarse
El fin. Ahora vamos a practicar!
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Reciprocal VerbsThe “each other” verbs- or
verbs that you do to each other
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How to use them The Nosotros, Vosotros and Ellos form can
be used to express reciprocals You use the reflexive pronouns before like
nos, os or se Sometimes verbs are reciprocal and
reflexive (in this case you can use “El uno al otro” or “Uno a otro” to emphasize)
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Common Verbs
AbrazarseBesarseVerseSaludarse
EncontrarseConocerseAyudarseMirarse
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Examples Nosotras nos ayudamos.
We help ourselves. Nosotras nos ayudamos una a otra
We help each other. Ellos se mataron.
They killed themselves. Ellos se mataron los unos a los otros.
They killed each other.
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Your Turn We need each other.
They saw each other.
We met each other.
They hugged each other.
We kissed each other.
Ellos se abrazaron
Ellos se vieron
Nosotros nos conocimos/encontramos (la una a la otra).
Nosotros nos necesitamos (la una a laotra).
Nosotros nos besamos
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El Subjuntivo con verbos de Emoción
Para formar el subjuntivo vaya al YO quita la O y añade las terminaciones opuestas.
Go to the YO drop the O and add the opposite endings.
Para los verbos con –ar añade “-e” o “-en”. Para los verbos con –er/ir añade “-a” o “-an”
-AR Cocinar – Cocino – Cocin – Cocine – Cocinen
-ER Poner – Pongo – Pong – Ponga – Pongan
-IR Decir – Digo – Dig – Diga – Digan
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Formas Irregulares
DAR Estar Ir Ser Saber dé Ud. Esté Ud. Vaya Ud Sea Ud. Sepa Ud den Uds. Estén Uds. Vayan Uds Sean Uds. Sepan Uds
We use the subjunctive after verbs indicating suggestions, desire or commands.
We also use it after verbs and impersonal phrases indicating emotion.
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Examples:
Y muchos más….
Me molesta que mi amiga no guarde mis secretos
Es bueno que ella corra todos los días.
Es malo que llueva.
Ojalá que
Siento que
Me allegro que
Es dudoso que
Es aconsejable que
temo que
es bueno que
me molesta que
es importante que
es necesario que
tengo miedo que
es triste que
me soprende que
es possible que
es raro que
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El Subjuntivo Con Verbos de EmociónPractíca
Traduce los frases:
1.It's important that the students read their books:
2. It's possible that we will buy a house
3. It is advised that parents talk to their children.
4. It's terrible that the children don't eat all of their food
5. Hopefully he will have a good vacation.
Es importante que los estudiantes lean sus libros
Es posible que compremos una casa.
Es aconsejable que los padres hablen con sus hijos.
Es terrible que los niños no coman todo su comida.
Ojalá que el tenga buenas vacaciones.
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PARA
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PARAUses for para: Purpose (in order to)
Salí temprano para la playa. Destination
Este sábado mi familia y yo nos vamos para el ciudad. A point in time; Deadline
Yo ojala que el coche tiene gasolina para el sábado. Use; Purpose
El libro de texto sirve para estudiar. Opinion
Para mí, no me gusta pescado.
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PERFECT
P- PurposeE- EffectR- RecipientF- Future dates or Deadlines; EventsE- EmploymentC- ComparisonT- Towards a specific place
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POR
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Por – For
Por is a preposition just like para, which means that it links nouns, pronouns and phrases to
other words in a sentence. But, it is important to remember that the usages of por and para are
different.
A.T.R.A.C.T.E.D.
is a helpful acronym to remember when to use por!
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A. T. R. A. C. T. E. D.A – round a placeT – hrough a placeR – eason, excuseA – fter, as in “going to get something” (Going after something or someone)C – o$tT – hanksE – xchangeD – uration (length)
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Ejemplos:
A – round a place
¿Hay un cine por aquí?Is there a movie theater around here?
Yo vivo por esta calle.I live around this street.
Ayer caminamos por la playa.
Yesterday we walked to the beach.
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Ejemplos:
T – hrough a place
Paso por el parque todos los días.
I pass through the park every day.
Caminé por la escuela.I walked through the school.
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Ejemplos:
R – eason, excuse
¿Por qué llegaste tarde?-Por el tráfico.Why did you arrive late?-Because of the traffic.
Se pelearon por un programa de televisión.
They fought over a television program.
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Ejemplos:
A – fter, as in “going to get something” (Going after something or someone)
Voy al supermercado por leche.
I’m going to the supermarket for milk.
Vamos a la casa de Ana por ella.
We go to Ana’s house for her.
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Ejemplos:
C – o$t
Pagué cincuenta dólares por esta falda.
I paid fifty dollars for this skirt.
Compraron los zapatos por cuarenta euros.
They bought the shoes for forty euros.
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Ejemplos:
T – hanks
Gracias por la ayuda.Thank you for the help.
Gracias por el regalo, ¡Me gusta mucho!Thanks for the present, I like it a lot!
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Ejemplos:
E – xchange
Yo quiero cambiar esta blusa blanca por eso azul.
I want to change this white blouse for that blue one.
Cambiamos la mesa vieja por una nueva.
We changed the old table for a new one.
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Ejemplos:
D – uration (length)
He vivido aquí por mas de diez años.
I have lived here for more than ten years.
Iremos a España por dos semanas.We will go to Spain for two weeks.
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El fin
¡Es todo que tienen que conocer sobre POR!
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Mandatos con Nosotros
Nosotros commands are used to suggest that others do an activity with you (Let’s…)
To form: Use the present subjunctive form of nosotros. (Go to the yo, drop the –o, and add the opposite ending)
Ex:Resolvamos el conflictoComamos allí.
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¡Remember! Stem-changing verbs that end in –ir have a stem
change of e->i or o->u.
Verbs ending in –car, -gar, or –zar have a spelling change.
DOPs and IDOPs are attached at the end of the affirmative nosotros commands. However, they come before negative nosotros commands.
Drop the final –s of the command when attaching reflexive or reciprocal pronouns at the end of the command.
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Practice- Translate
Let's count the chickens.
Let's not lie.
Let’s go to the store.
Lets write it (letter) to them.
Let’s not buy it (book).
Contemos los pollos.
No mintamos.
VAMOS a la tienda.
Escribámosela.
No lo compremos.
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Possessive Pronounsmio(s) mia(s) nuestro(s) nuestra(s)my, mine our, ourstuyo(s) tuya(s) vuestro(s) vuestra(s)your, yours your, yourssuyo(s) suya(s) suyo(s) suya(s)your, yours your, yourshis, her, hers their, theirs
Don’t forget the definite article el/la/los/laThe only time it can be left out is after the verb SER
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Possessive Pronouns
Used for clarity and emphasis
When we use the verb ser we can omit the definite article afterwards.
Must agree in gender and number
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