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WHAT MAKES A GOOD PHOTOGRAPH?
Composition
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Composition
The selection, placement and arrangement of subjects within the picture area
Means “putting together”Organization of the elements of art (line,
shape, form, color, etc) according to the principles of design (balance, contrast, etc)
an image is said to be pleasing if the elements are arranged in a balanced compositional way
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In every photograph you make..
You decide where the boundaries of the photo will be (either in camera or in post by cropping)
You choose the viewpoint or perspectiveYou move or rearrange people or objectsYou move yourself and decide where to place
the point of interest in the viewfinder
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Good or Bad Photo?
One of the biggest differences between a really good photo and a mediocre one is the composition
What one person finds pleasing, someone else will not – composition is often a matter of personal taste
A photograph that communicates its message (says what you want it to say, says it clearly and interests its viewer) is an effective composition
How you arrange a scene in your camera will determine the effectiveness of your image and contribute to how well the message is conveyed
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Major Principles of Composition
SimplicitySingle theme/subject
Tension/movementMultiple elements
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Simplicity
Eliminating distracting and unimportant material
Simplifying the visual elements satisfies viewer’s need to identify the main subject (point of interest)
Simplicity is a matter of organizing your subject in a clear, concise manner
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Ways to achieve simplicity:
Move closer, include only necessary elements (ex)
Change lenses – telephoto to zoom closer (ex)Use shallow depth of field (ex)Change point of view (ex)Choose darker background (ex)Remove objects if possible (ex)Move subject if possible
next
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Move Closer
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Move Closer
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Move Closer
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Move Closer
back
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Change lens to telephoto
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Change lens to telephoto
back
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Shallow depth of field
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Shallow depth of field
back
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Change point of view
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Change point of view
back
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Choose darker background
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Choose darker background
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Choose darker background (with zoom)
back
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Remove objects
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and move closer
back
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Tension/Movement
Arises from the feeling of movement and interplay among the visual elements – ex: comparison, contrast, positioning, etc
Creates a variety of messages depending on how elements are organized or balanced against each other
Produces the picture’s tone and makes it interesting ex: gentle, forceful
next
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Gentle tone
Flat horizontal line leading to a drop of water, non-distracting background
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Forceful tone
Contrasting thick heavy man-made form with the thin fragile lines of nature
back
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Techniques for tension/movement:
Create motion with wide angle lens (ex)Use diagonal lines (ex)Combine thick and thin lines (or other
contrasts)(ex)Through use of color (ex)Frame your subject as disproportionately
small (ex)
next
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Wide angle
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Wide angle
back
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Diagonal lines
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Diagonal lines
back
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Combine thick and thin lines
back
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Through use of color
back
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Frame your subject as disproportionately small
back
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Techniques to help see creatively and compose better photos
True seeing is not a function of the camera. How you arrange your subject is the real creative act.Fill the frame (ex)Define the horizon (landscapes) (ex)Apply rule of thirds (ex)Vertical vs horizontal (ex)Skew the point of view (ex)Frame the subject (ex)Silhouette the subject (ex)Break the rules (ex)
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Fill the frame
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Fill the frame
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Fill the frame
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Fill the frame
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Fill the frame
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Fill the frame
back
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Define the horizon
back
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Define the horizon
Horizon at bottom third when if sky is interesting
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Define the horizon
Horizon at top third when sky is not interesting
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Horizon at top with low point of view
backGet down low, close to surface to enhance foreground elements
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Apply rule of thirds
Place point of interest where lines intersect
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Apply rule of thirds
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Apply rule of thirds
back
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Vertical vs horizontal
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Vertical vs horizontal
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Vertical vs horizontal
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Vertical vs horizontal
back
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Skew the point of view (tilt camera)
back
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Frame the subject
• Look “through” a foreground element to the point of interest
• The foreground element “frames” the main point of interest
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Frame the subject
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Frame the subject
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Frame the subject
back
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Silhouette the subject
Low light and back lit subject and camera only sees the shape of the object, no colors
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Silhouette the subject
back
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Silhouette the subject
back
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Break the rules
Once you know the rules of composition, you can break the rules when it supports the message you are trying to convey
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Break the rules
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Break the rules
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Other techniques:
Leading lines (ex)Lead the subject
looking space (ex)Avoid mergers
tonal mergers – (ex) dimensional mergers – (ex) border mergers – ex: cutting subject off at edge of
frame
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Leading lines
• Lines that lead the viewer’s eyes through the photo
• Diagonal lines and S curves are especially effective
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Leading lines
back
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Lead the subject
Room in front of the subject within the frame of the photo
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Not leading the subject
back
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Tonal mergers
back
when important objects in a scene appear to blend together and lose their identity.
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Dimensional mergers
important scene elements run together because the eye sees 3D, camera doesn’t
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Dimensional mergers
back
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Border mergers
when subject matter is cropped too tightly or cut off by the edge of the frame at an inappropriate point
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Fini!