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What is Whole What is Whole Earth System Earth System
Science?Science?
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Whole Earth Whole Earth System Science System Science
Is…Is…
• The concept that the earth is The concept that the earth is comprised of interacting comprised of interacting components or subsystems.components or subsystems.
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The Main SystemsThe Main Systems
• Biosphere = the realm of all living things on earth, including humans.
• Geosphere = the realm of all non-living aspects of the earth. The geosphere is divided into 3 subsystems;– The lithosphere– The atmosphere– The hydrosphere
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The 4 SpheresThe 4 Spheres
Biosphere
Lithosphere
Hydrosphere
Atmosphere
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The BiosphereThe Biosphere“Life” sphere“Life” sphere
• The biospherebiosphere consists of the totality of lifelife forms on earth.– This includes all plants, animals, and
humans.
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The LithosphereThe Lithosphere“Land” sphere“Land” sphere
• The lithospherelithosphere is the rigid outer layer of the earth that includes the crustcrust and uppermost part of the mantle.
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The AtmosphereThe Atmosphere“Air” sphere“Air” sphere
• The atmosphereatmosphere is the gaseous portion of the planet, the planets envelope of airair.
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The HydrosphereThe Hydrosphere“Water” sphere“Water” sphere
• The hydrospherehydrosphere is the waterwater portion of the planet.– This includes all oceans, lakes, rivers,
streams, ponds, snow, ice.
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The CryosphereThe Cryosphere“Frozen” sphere“Frozen” sphere
• The cryospherecryosphere is the collective term for all the ice and snowice and snow on the earth.