Download - What is national income
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What is National Income?
• National Income is the sum-total of factor-incomes earned by normal residents of a country during the period of one year.
• National Income is also defined as the sum-total of market-value of final goods and services, produced by normal residents of a country in one year.
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Three expressions of National Income
• NY = M.V. of final goods and services• NY = sum-total of factor-incomes• NY = C+I (consumption+expenditure)
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Gross Domestic Product at M.P.
• GDP is the market-value of final goods and services produced within domestic territory of a country during 1 year inclusive of depriciation
• There are both resident as well as foreign producers within domestic territory of a country
• GDP= P*Q (Here P=Market Price and Q=final goods and services)
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• The term “gross” indicates that the latter includes depriciation
• Only M.V. of final goods and services is taken into account, not intermediate goods and services
• Price of goods and services refers to their prevailing M.P.
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GDP does not include:
• Income from illegal activities• Black-money• Transfer-Payments• Income from monetary transactions like
from shares and debentures• Value of second hand goods• Self-consumption services
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Gross National Product at M.P.• GNPmp is the market price is the M.V. of final goods and
services produced within domestic territory of a country by normal residents during a period of one year.
• GNP is a broader concept than GDP.• It includes NFYA (Net Factor Income earned from
Abroad)• NFYA= Factor-Income earned by our residents in ROW
– Factor-Income earned by non-residents in our country• GNP = GDP+NFYA• If NFYA is positive, GNP>GDP• If NFYA is negative, GNP<GDP
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Relation between GDP and GNP
• Domestic Product is concerned with a given geographical territory whereas National Product can accrue in any part of the world where normal residents of country render their services.
• Therefore, National Product includes NFYA while Gross Product does not include NFYA
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Net National Product at M.P
• Concept of National Product is more practical than that of Gross National Product because during the process of production of final goods and services there is some consumption of fixed-capital, also called depriciation.
• N.N.P at M.P. = G.N.P. - Depriciation
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Net Domestic Product at M.P
• Net Domestic Product at M.P. is the market-value of final goods and services produced within the domestic territory of a country, exclusive of depriciation.
• NDP at M.P. = GDP – Depriciation• NDP at M.P. = NNP at M.P – NFYA
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Domestic Income Or N.D.P. at F.C
• Net Domestic Income is the sum-total of factor-incomes generated within the domestic territory of a country during a period of one-year. (Domestic Income)
• NDP at F.C. = NDP at M.P – Indirect taxes + subsidies (or)
• NDP at F.C. = NDP at M.P – Net Indirect Taxes
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• GDP at F.C. = NDP at F.C + Depreciation• NNP at F.C. or NATIONAL INCOME. It is
the total earning of all factors in the form of interest, wages, rent and profits and NFYA.
• NNP at F.C. = NDP at F.C. + NFYA
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Gross National Product at F.C.
• GNP at F.C. is the sum total of factor incomes earned by normal residents of a country, along with consumption of fixed capital, during a year.
• GNP at F.C. = NNP at F.C. + Depriciation
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National Disposable Income• National Disposable Income refers to the Net
Income at M.P. available to a country for disposal. It is the sum-total of national income NNP at F.C., Net Indirect Taxes and Net Current Transfers from the rest of the world.
• NDI= N.I.(NNP at F.C.) + Net Indirect Taxes + Net Current Transfers from ROW
• National Disposable Income is the income from all sources (earned income as well as transfer payments from abroad) available to residents of a country for consumption expenditure or for saving during a year.
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Gross and Net concepts of National disposable Income
• Gross National Disposable Income includes current replacement cost, while Net National Disposable Income does not.
• Net National Disposable Income= Gross National Disposable Income – Current replacement cost (which is depriciation at the level of economy as a whole).
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• Factor Income from Net Domestic Product accruing to Private Sector = Net Domestic Product at Factor Cost – Income from Property and Entrepreneurship accruing to the Government departmental enterprises – Savings of Non-departmental enterprises.
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Private Income
• Private Income is the income of private-sector obtained from any source, productive or otherwise, and retained income of corporations.
• Private-Income= Factor Income from NDP accruing to pvt. Sector + NFYA + Interest on National Debt + Current transfers from Govt + Current transfers from ROW
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National Income Private Income
1. It includes income both in public and private sectors of economy.
2. It includes only factor-incomes. It does not include transfers.
3. Interest on National Debt is not included in NI
1. It includes the income of only private sector.
2. It includes both factor-incomes as well as current transfers from Govt. and ROW
3. Interest on National debt is included in Pvt. Income
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Personal Income
• Personal Income is the income actually received by individuals and households from all sources in the form of factor-income and current-transfers.
• Personal Income includes the income actually received by house-holds.
• Personal Income = Private Income – Undistributed Profits (or corporate saving) – corporation tax.
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Private Income Personal Income
1) It is a broader concept.
2) Private Income includes corporate taxes and corporate saving.
1) It is a narrow concept.
2) Personal Income does not include corporate taxes and corporate saving.
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Personal Income National Income
1) It is a concept related to receipt of income.
2) Income from domestic product accruing to Govt. constitutes a part of National Income, but not of Personal Income.
1. It is a concept related to generation of income.
2. Income from domestic product accruing to Govt does not constitute a part of National Income
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Personal Income National Income
3. Personal Income includes both factor-incomes as well as transfer-payments.
4. Corporate savings and tax are not a part of personal income
3. National Income comprises of factor-incomes only
4. Corporate savings as well as corporation tax are integral components of NI
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Personal Disposable Income
• Personal Disposable Income is the income remaining with individuals and households after deduction of all taxes levied against their income and their property by Govt.
• PDI = Personal Income – Direct Personal Tax – Miscellaneous receipts of Govt. Administrative Dept or miscellaneous fees and fines paid by households