What is an enzyme?
• Type of protein.
• Catalyzes / Speeds up a chemical reaction.
• Decreases Energy of Activation.
What are the 6 biological elements?
• C
• H
• O
• N
• P
• S
What are the 4 types of biomolecules?
• Carbohydrates
• Proteins
• Lipids
• Nucleic Acids
What is the function of carbohydrates?
• Short Term Energy storage
What is the function of nucleic acids?
• Store and transmit genetic information.
What are some examples of carbohydrates?
• Fruit
• Grains
• Glucose and Fructose
• Cellulose and Starch
• Sugars in general…
What are phospholipids?
• Type of lipids
• Main biomolecule in cell membranes
What is the function of protein?
• Catalyzes chemical reactions.
• Provides cell structure.
What is the function of lipids?
• Long Term Energy storage
• Cell Membranes
• Chemical messaging
What is the monomer of carbohydrates?
• Monosaccharide (simple sugar)
What is the monomer of nucleic acids?
• Nucleotide
What is the monomer of lipids?
• Fatty Acids
• Glycerol
What is the monomer of proteins?
• Amino Acids
What is hydrolysis?
• Chemical Reaction
• Water Added
• Break down large molecules
What is dehydration?
• Chemical Reaction
• Remove Water
• Build larger molecules
What is hemoglobin?
• Type of protein
• Contains Iron
• Binds with oxygen in blood
What does it mean to be “polar”?
• Uneven distribution of electrons across the surface of a molecule.
• Water = Polar
• Head of phospholipids = Polar
Describe the charge distribution of water molecules:
• Hydrogen = slightly positive
• Oxygen = slightly negative
What is a valence electron?
• Outermost electron of atom
• Forms bonds
What is ATP?
• Adenosine Triphosphate
• Energy storing molecule
How does ATP store energy?
• Phosphate bonds
• Add a Phosphate = Store Energy
How can energy be released from ATP?
• Removal of a phosphate
• ATP ADP
What is homeostasis?
• Maintenance of internal stability
• Maintaining internal conditions
What is the nucleus?
• Cell organelle
• Stores DNA
• “Control Center”
• Contains info needed to make proteins
What’s found in the nucleus?
• DNA
• Chromatin
• Chromosomes
• Nucleolus
What do mitochondria do?
• Cellular Respiration
• Release stored energy from carbohydrates
What is the function of the cell membrane?
• Protect the cell
• Maintain what enters and exits
What is diffusion?
• The movement of molecules from an area of HIGH to LOW concentration.
What is equilibrium?
• “Same” on “both sides”
What is active transport?
• Movement of particles against a concentration gradient.
• ENERGY NEEDED!
What is osmosis?
• The movement of water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane.
• High to Low water concentration.
What will happen to a salt-water cell placed in fresh-water?
• It will burst
• Water will rush in
• High Low
What are ribosomes?
• Cell organelles
• Make protein
What is an acid?
• Molecule which dissociates in water
• Releases Hydrogen Ions
What is a base?
• Molecule which dissociates in water
• Releases Hydroxide Ions
How does your blood maintain pH?
• Bicarbonate / Carbonate Buffer
• Too Acidic Carbonate binds with H+ Bicarbonate
• Too Basic Bicarbonate releases H+ Carbonate
How is matter related to all living systems?
• All living systems are made of matter
• All living systems cycle and transfer matter