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Welcome back! Consider the following:
Identify the
following:
1. Producer
2. Secondary
Consumer
3. Tertiary Consumer
4. Quaternary
Consumer
5. Any Higher?
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Question of the day?
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Food Chain?
Simplistic view of
energy flow
Linear path
Lacks other possible
pathways energy
can be passed.
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Food Web?
Realistic view of
energy passage.
Combines food
chains.
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Energy Pyramid
Primary
Producer
Primary
Consumer
Secondary
Consumer
Tertiary
Consumer
Quaternary
Consumer
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Energy Pyramid
Primary
Producer
Primary
Consumer
Secondary
Consumer
Tertiary
Consumer
Quaternary
Consumer
100,000 J
(Joules)
1 J (Joules)
10 J (Joules)
1,000 J (Joules)
100 J (Joules)
10,000 J
(Joules)
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Energy Pyramid: 10% Rule
Primary
Producer
Primary
Consumer
Secondary
Consumer
Tertiary
Consumer
Quaternary
Consumer
100,000 J
(Joules)
1 J (Joules)
10 J (Joules)
1,000 J (Joules)
100 J (Joules)
10,000 J
(Joules)
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10% Rule
As energy passes through each trophic level only 10% of the
energy is passed on.
The remaining energy is lost as “heat”.
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10% rule...
10%
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1010% rule diagrams...
10%
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1110% rule diagrams...
10%
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12 How much energy is at each level?
1000 Cal
? Cal
? Cal
? Cal
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13 How much energy is at each level?
1000 Cal
100 Cal
10 Cal
1 Cal
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14
3 Reasons for decrease in available
energy
1. Energy is “used up” for daily life
activities.
2. Not all organisms that die are
eaten by animals in the next
trophic level.
3. Not all parts of an organism are
eaten and digested for energy.
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Negative Feedback = The way living systems maintain
homeostasis.
Homeostasis =The property of a system, that regulates its
internal environment and tends to maintain a
stable, constant condition.
Negative feedback systems include a sequence of events that
will cause an effect that is in the opposite direction to the original
stimulus and thereby brings the system back to its equilibrium
position.
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Predator Prey relationships are usually controlled by
negative feedback where:
Increase in Prey Increase in
Predator Decrease in Prey
Decrease in Predator Increase in Prey and so on in a
cyclical manner
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Question of the day?
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Answer
There is not enough energy to maintain
organisms at the top of the food chain.
Energy is consumed by prior trophic (energy
levels)
Homeostasis has to be maintained.