Download - Webinar: Emissions from transit buses
![Page 1: Webinar: Emissions from transit buses](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051818/54bec2f94a795967428b45ac/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
www.embarq.org
Emissions from Transit Buses | June 26th, 2013
Erin Cooper
![Page 2: Webinar: Emissions from transit buses](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051818/54bec2f94a795967428b45ac/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Washington DC Brazil
Juan Miguel Velásquez Magdala Arioli
Erin Cooper
México India
Hilda Martínez Umang Jain
Cynthia Menéndez
Julián Patrón
Team
![Page 3: Webinar: Emissions from transit buses](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051818/54bec2f94a795967428b45ac/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
India
- Indian Supreme Court mandated use of Natural Gas
vehicles in 13 major cities
Brazil
- Many types of fuels available
Mexico
- General Law of Climate Change
- Improving Air Quality in Cities
Focus on India, Brazil, and Mexico
![Page 4: Webinar: Emissions from transit buses](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051818/54bec2f94a795967428b45ac/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Heavy-duty vehicles, including transit buses, are
responsible for more CO2 emissions in low and middle
income countries (Schipper, 2009).
Help transit agencies address both global and local air
quality and GHG issues while considering the costs of
their fleet investment.
This program builds on previous EMBARQ work on ‘real’
emissions or in-use emissions of vehicles.
Transit vehicles are important
![Page 5: Webinar: Emissions from transit buses](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051818/54bec2f94a795967428b45ac/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Though significant information exists for US and Europe,
doesn’t always apply directly to cities where we work (such
as sulfur content in the fuel)
Can be difficult to find unbiased information or information
not directly from manufacturers
Difficult to make direct comparisons between existing
research or emissions testing
Purpose
![Page 6: Webinar: Emissions from transit buses](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051818/54bec2f94a795967428b45ac/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Operations Fuel Production
Raw material production Waste disposal
Images from Greenhouse Gas Protocol, World Resources Institute and University of Manchester Bus Logo
Research focus
Exhaust/Tailpipe emissions
Upstream Emissions
Lifecycle Costs
![Page 7: Webinar: Emissions from transit buses](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051818/54bec2f94a795967428b45ac/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Regulated pollutants and main impacts
Health impacts
Greenhouse
gases
Air pollution
PM
Non- methane HC
NOx
CO2
CO
CH4
![Page 8: Webinar: Emissions from transit buses](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051818/54bec2f94a795967428b45ac/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Fuels and Technologies
Fuels Exhaust After Treatment Technologies
Diesel (and Hybrids)
(D15, D50, D150)
OC – Oxidation Catalyst
DPF – Diesel Particulate Filter
SCR – Selective Catalytic Reduction
EGR – Exhaust Gas Recirculation
Biodiesel (20 and 100%) SCR – Selective Catalytic Reduction
EGR – Exhaust Gas Recirculation
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) OC – Oxidation Catalyst
TWC – Three-way Catalyst
Liquified Natural Gas (LNG)
Ethanol OC – Oxidation Catalyst
![Page 9: Webinar: Emissions from transit buses](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051818/54bec2f94a795967428b45ac/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Data collection
Data collected from a
variety of tests lab and
field tests
Grouped to show more
representative results
![Page 10: Webinar: Emissions from transit buses](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051818/54bec2f94a795967428b45ac/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
IQR – Inter-quartile range test for different fuel and
technology combinations
ANOVA test to show difference in fuels and technologies
Emissions summaries for Brazil and India
Analysis to show lowest emissions
![Page 11: Webinar: Emissions from transit buses](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051818/54bec2f94a795967428b45ac/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
CO results graph
![Page 12: Webinar: Emissions from transit buses](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051818/54bec2f94a795967428b45ac/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
THC results graph
![Page 13: Webinar: Emissions from transit buses](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051818/54bec2f94a795967428b45ac/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
NOx results graph
![Page 14: Webinar: Emissions from transit buses](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051818/54bec2f94a795967428b45ac/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
NOx emissions and drive cycles 0
2040
6080
NO
X
BD CNG D E Hybrid LNG
Fiel
d
Mix
ed
Stea
dy s
tate
Urb
an
Very
Urb
an
Fiel
d
Mix
ed
Stea
dy s
tate
Urb
an
Very
Urb
an
Fiel
d
Mix
ed
Stea
dy s
tate
Urb
an
Very
Urb
an
Fiel
d
Mix
ed
Stea
dy s
tate
Urb
an
Very
Urb
an
Fiel
d
Mix
ed
Stea
dy s
tate
Urb
an
Very
Urb
an
Fiel
d
Mix
ed
Stea
dy s
tate
Urb
an
Very
Urb
an
![Page 15: Webinar: Emissions from transit buses](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051818/54bec2f94a795967428b45ac/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
PM results graph
![Page 16: Webinar: Emissions from transit buses](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051818/54bec2f94a795967428b45ac/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
CO2e emissions 5
00
1,0
001
,500
2,0
002
,500
CO
2 e
BD CNG D E Hybrid
![Page 17: Webinar: Emissions from transit buses](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051818/54bec2f94a795967428b45ac/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Summary of emissions changes by technology
CO NOx PM CO2
DPF ↓ ↓ ↓ ↑
EGR ↓ ↓ ↓ ↑
SCR ↓ ↓ ↓
3WC ↓ ↓
OC ↓
HYBRID ↓ ↓ ↓
Some technologies produce CO2
processes leads to higher fuel consumption
![Page 18: Webinar: Emissions from transit buses](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051818/54bec2f94a795967428b45ac/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Brazil context: NOx vs. PM
• Variety of fuels meets Euro v standard
• Newer technologies have less variation
![Page 19: Webinar: Emissions from transit buses](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051818/54bec2f94a795967428b45ac/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Brazil context: CO2e vs. PM
• Hybrids have lower CO2 emissions
![Page 20: Webinar: Emissions from transit buses](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051818/54bec2f94a795967428b45ac/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
India context: NOx vs. PM
• Only CNG + 3WC meet Euro IV standard
![Page 21: Webinar: Emissions from transit buses](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051818/54bec2f94a795967428b45ac/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
India context: CO2e vs. PM
• Some diesel options have
lower CO2 emissions
![Page 22: Webinar: Emissions from transit buses](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051818/54bec2f94a795967428b45ac/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Fuels
Diesel
Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel
CNG
Hybrids
Upstream emissions
Fuel production
Vehicle production
Mexico Case Study: Preliminary Results
Costs
Capital costs
Maintenance
Fuel
Operators
![Page 23: Webinar: Emissions from transit buses](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051818/54bec2f94a795967428b45ac/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Results/ Fleet Scenarios
comparing two fleet sizes 20 vs 200 buses
20 buses
$ 0
$ 2,000,000
$ 4,000,000
$ 6,000,000
$ 8,000,000
$ 10,000,000
Lif
ecycle
Co
st
pe
r B
us
Estimated Average Lifecycle Costs Per Bus by Propulsion Technology
Patio
Combustible
Mantenimiento
Reacondicionamiento
Costo Capital
Operadores
CNG Diesel Híbrido
![Page 24: Webinar: Emissions from transit buses](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051818/54bec2f94a795967428b45ac/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Results/ Fleet Scenarios
Comparing two fleet sizes 20 vs 200 buses
200 buses
$ 0
$ 2,000,000
$ 4,000,000
$ 6,000,000
$ 8,000,000
$ 10,000,000
Lif
ecycle
Co
st
pe
r B
us
Estimated Average Lifecycle Costs Per Bus by Propulsion Technology
Patio
Combustible
Mantenimiento
Reacondicionamiento
Costo Capital
Operadores
CNG Diesel Híbrido
![Page 25: Webinar: Emissions from transit buses](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051818/54bec2f94a795967428b45ac/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Results/ Average Speed
Comparing two average speeds 10 km/h (inner-city speed) vs 22 km/h (BRT)
10 km/h
$ 0
$ 2,000,000
$ 4,000,000
$ 6,000,000
$ 8,000,000
$ 10,000,000
Lif
ecycle
Co
st
pe
r B
us
Estimated Average Lifecycle Costs Per Bus by Propulsion Technology
Patio
Combustible
Mantenimiento
Reacondicionamiento
Costo Capital
Operadores
CNG Diesel Híbrido
![Page 26: Webinar: Emissions from transit buses](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051818/54bec2f94a795967428b45ac/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Results/ Average Speed
Comparing two operating speeds 10 km/h (inner-city speed) vs 22 km/h (BRT)
22 km/h
$ 0
$ 2,000,000
$ 4,000,000
$ 6,000,000
$ 8,000,000
$ 10,000,000
Lif
ecycle
Co
st
pe
r B
us
Estimated Average Lifecycle Costs Per Bus by Propulsion Technology
Patio
Combustible
Mantenimiento
Reacondicionamiento
Costo Capital
Operadores
CNG Diesel Híbrido
![Page 27: Webinar: Emissions from transit buses](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051818/54bec2f94a795967428b45ac/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Nox emissions vs. Costs (per bus per km)
![Page 28: Webinar: Emissions from transit buses](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051818/54bec2f94a795967428b45ac/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
PM emissions vs. Costs (per bus per km)
![Page 29: Webinar: Emissions from transit buses](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051818/54bec2f94a795967428b45ac/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
CO2 emissions vs. Costs (per bus per km)
![Page 30: Webinar: Emissions from transit buses](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051818/54bec2f94a795967428b45ac/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
GHG emissions vs. costs
![Page 31: Webinar: Emissions from transit buses](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051818/54bec2f94a795967428b45ac/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Local conditions: Need to consider local fuels and
technologies availability and costs.
Trade-offs: Some technologies are better at reducing
GHGs, others local pollution.
Technologies are important: In general, using the latest
technologies is more important than changing fuel types for
reducing all types of emissions.
Conclusions
![Page 32: Webinar: Emissions from transit buses](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051818/54bec2f94a795967428b45ac/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
From the technologies compared, each one has advantages
and disadvantages. There isn’t a clear favorite, particularly
when local conditions are considered.
Conclusions
![Page 33: Webinar: Emissions from transit buses](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051818/54bec2f94a795967428b45ac/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Thank you
Erin Cooper
Juan Miguel Velásquez Magdala Arioli
Umang Jain Cynthia Menéndez