Product name Confidentiality levelWCDMA RNP For internal use onlyProduct version Total pages
17V100R001
WCDMA RNP Indoor Distribution System Antenna Type Selection Guidance
(For internal use only)
Prepared by: URNP-SANA Date: 2003-12-21Reviewed by: Date:Reviewed by: Date:Approved by: Date:
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.All rights reserved
WCDMA RNP Indoor Distribution System Antenna Type Selection Guidance
For internal use only
Revision RecordDate Revision
versionDescription Author
2003-01-12 1.00 Initial transmittal Jiang Lihong
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WCDMA RNP Indoor Distribution System Antenna Type Selection Guidance
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Table of Content
1Overview....................................................................................................................................................81.1Scope.....................................................................................................................................................81.2Influences of Indoor Coverage..............................................................................................................8
2Solutions.....................................................................................................................................................82.1Coaxial Feeder Cable Distribution System............................................................................................8
2.1.1 Analysis of the scenario......................................................................................................102.1.2 Basic Requirements for Antennas.....................................................................................112.1.3 Status of the Existing Antennas and Antenna Type Selection......................................122.1.4 High Gain Directional Antenna Used in the Lift Well......................................................14
2.2Fiber Distribution System....................................................................................................................142.2.1 Analysis of the Scenario......................................................................................................162.2.2 Basic requirements of Antenna..........................................................................................162.2.3 Existing Antenna and Antenna Type Selection................................................................16
3Antenna Information................................................................................................................................173.1Omni Antenna Information..................................................................................................................17
3.1.1 Sanshui Shenglu..................................................................................................................173.1.2 Dongfang Lianxin.................................................................................................................17
3.2Directional Antenna.............................................................................................................................173.2.1 ANDREW...............................................................................................................................173.2.2 KATHREIN............................................................................................................................173.2.3 Sanshui Shenglu..................................................................................................................17
3.3High Gain Directional Antenna...........................................................................................................18
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WCDMA RNP Indoor Distribution System Antenna Type Selection Guidance
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List of table
Table-1 Basic requirements for antenna of indoor distribution system..........................................................11Table-2 Basic requirements for directional antenna of indoor distribution system..........................................11Table-3 Basic requirements for high gain directional antenna of indoor distribution system............................12Table-4 Existing wideband omni antenna of the indoor distribution system...................................................12Table-5 Existing wideband directional antenna of the indoor distribution system...........................................13Table-6 Existing wideband log-periodical antenna of the indoor distribution system......................................14
List of figurefigure 1 Schematic diagram of coaxial feeder cable distribution system...............................................7figure 2 Structure of coaxial distribution system....................................................................................7figure 3 Example of coaxial feeder cable distribution system................................................................8figure 4 Schematic diagram of ceiling-mounted omni antenna of indoor distribution system.............11figure 5 Schematic diagram of directional panel antenna of indoor distribution system......................12figure 6 Schematic diagram of wideband log-periodical antenna of indoor distribution system..........12figure 7 Schematic diagram of fiber distribution system......................................................................13figure 8 Structure of fiber distribution system......................................................................................14
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WCDMA RNP Indoor Distribution System Antenna Type Selection Guidance
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WCDMA RNP Indoor Distribution System Antenna Type Selection GuidelinesKey words: indoor distribution system, micro base station, RRU, directional antenna, WCDMA
antenna
Abstract: This document describes the selection and design of the indoor distribution system.
List of abbreviations:
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WCDMA RNP Indoor Distribution System Antenna Type Selection Guidance
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1 Overview
With the development of the economy and the popularization of mobile
communication, the indoor mobile communication service usage frequency is ever
increasing. For users, a better indoor mobile communication service is required; for
the operator, the deep indoor coverage in the important buildings with high-volume
traffic is required to improve the quality of the whole network, so as to get a higher
return.
1.1 Scope
This document covers the indoor coverage solutions for the following building types:
Surface buildings (Refer to [3] for the solutions for the tunnels and subways)
Normal building blocks, with low density of traffic, which is mainly covered by
outdoor macro cellular base station.
Special buildings, including commercial office buildings with high-volume traffic
and important office buildings of governmental departments, which are covered
by special indoor distribution system to realize good indoor coverage.
1.2 Influences of Indoor Coverage 1. In the case of no indoor coverage, the users will suffer from this problem: multiple
radio signals from different outdoor macro cells are received in high bulidings, with
the average intensity being identical, which will lead to severe pilot pollution, thus the
user will always suffer Pingpong handover after accessing the network from this
area.
2. In the case of no indoor coverage within a building with high-volume traffic, the
outdoor macro cell nearby will be affected greatly because the large capacity load will
reduce the cell coverage range,This is the peculiar problem of the WCDMA system.
3. According to the above analysis, it is not practical to realize indoor coverage using
outdoor macro base stations only in the constitution process of the WCDMA
commercial network, especially in the dense urban area, a special indoor distribution
system must be built.
2 Solutions
2.1 Coaxial Feeder Cable Distribution System
For the detailed designing method and planning flow for the indoor distribution
system, refer to [4].
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WCDMA RNP Indoor Distribution System Antenna Type Selection Guidance
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Applicable scenarios: commercial office building, hotel, meeting center, airport and
office building of governmental department.
figure 1 Schematic diagram of coaxial feeder cable distribution system
figure 2 Structure of coaxial distribution system
Here is an example of an indoor distribution system covering eight floors, configured
with a 3802C micro base station being the signal source and a 5W power amplifier,
and using an passitive coaxial feeder cable distribution system. The system is
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WCDMA RNP Indoor Distribution System Antenna Type Selection Guidance
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composed of 7/8" feeder cables, couplers, 1/2 power distributors and ceiling-
mounted omni antennas. Each floor is covered with two antennas.
BTS
Spliter
Spliter
Spliter
Spliter
Spliter
Spliter
Spliter
15dBCoupler
15dBCoupler
10dBCoupler
10dBCoupler
Spliter7dB
Coupler
Spliter7dB
Coupler
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8
A9
A10
A11
A12
A13
A14
A15
A16
figure 3 Example of coaxial feeder cable distribution system
2.1.1 Analysis of the scenario
1. For the indoor distribution system, wide band feeder is required, so as to avoid
feeder replacement in the case of new system addition.
2. For the operator without mobile communications system, wideband system is
recommended, as the communications systems in the future may use the existing
communication components.
3. When selecting antenna, note that the spectrum of omni-directional antenna
should include WCDMA and WLAN spectrums (as well as the communications
spectrums from 800 to 2500MHz for a better effect).
4. If the operator does not want wideband antenna, narrowband antenna can be
adopted.
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WCDMA RNP Indoor Distribution System Antenna Type Selection Guidance
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5. For the indoor distribution system, diversity or antenna beam forming does not
need to be considered. In the indoor distribution system, the usage of diversity will
not be much helpful to the performance, but the cost is rather high, so it is not
recommended. As the indoor distribution system has a high antenna density, the
antenna beam forming is meaningless, so the beam forming antenna is not
recommended.
6. Vertical polarization antenna is adopted for the indoor distribution system.
7. Three type of antenna are used for indoor distribution syistem: omni antenna,
directional antenna, and high gain directional antenna.
8. Omni antenna is used at the center of the room in the ceiling-mounted mode;
directional antenna is used on the single-sided wall in the rectangular environment in
the panel mode; high gain directional antenna is used in the lift well in the log-
periodical mode.
9. Generally, the antenna used in the lift well is YAGI high gain directional antenna,
namely, in-line antenna. However, the antenna in the indoor distribution system
should be wide band, covering the available mobile communications spectrum from
800MHz to 2500MHz. So in-line antenna is not applicable here, which is only used
for the case when the operator has the WCDMA system only. Therefore, the log-
periodical antenna with especially large bandwidth is used in the lift well.
2.1.2 Basic Requirements for Antennas
2.1.2.1 Omni antennaTable-1 Basic requirements for antenna of indoor distribution system
Working frequency 800–2500 MHzGain 2dBiHorizontal beam width 360Vertical beam width 90Polarization Vertical single polarizationFront-to-back ratio NoneVSWR <1.5Downtilt NoSpecial requirements
2.1.2.2 Directional antennaTable-2 Basic requirements for directional antenna of indoor distribution system
Working frequency 800–2200 MHzGain 7dBiHorizontal beam width 90Vertical beam width 60Polarization Vertical single polarizationFront-to-back ratio >20dBVSWR <1.5Downtilt NoSpecial requirements
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WCDMA RNP Indoor Distribution System Antenna Type Selection Guidance
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2.1.2.3 High gain directional antennaTable-3 Basic requirements for high gain directional antenna of indoor distribution system
Working frequency 800–2200 MHzGain 11dBiHorizontal beam width 55Vertical beam width 50Polarization Vertical single polarizationFront-to-back ratio >15dBVSWR <1.5Downtilt NoSpecial requirements
2.1.3 Status of the Existing Antennas and Antenna Type Selection
2.1.2.4 Omni antennaTable-4 Existing wideband omni antenna of the indoor distribution system
Type Frequency range Description Angle of deflection
Gain Supplier
800 10137 876-960/1710-2500MHz Vertical polarization
ceiling-mounted
antenna, N female
connector
360° 2dBi KATHREIN
TS-IAOMT-
800/2400
806-960/1420-2400MHz Vertical polarization
ceiling-mounted
antenna, N female
connector
360° 2dBi Dongfang Lianxin
TQJ-SA800/2500-3 824-960/ 1710-2500MHz Vertical polarization
ceiling-mounted
antenna, N female
connector
360° 2dBi Sanshui Shenglu
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WCDMA RNP Indoor Distribution System Antenna Type Selection Guidance
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figure 4 Schematic diagram of ceiling-mounted omni antenna of indoor distribution system
2.1.2.5 Directional antennaTable-5 Existing wideband directional antenna of the indoor distribution system
Type Frequency range Description Angle of deflection
Gain Supplier
742 149 824-960/1710-2170 MHz Vertical polarization
panel antenna, N
female connector
90° 7 dBi KATHREIN
TDJ-
SA800/2000-7-
90
824-960/1710-2170MHz Vertical polarization
panel antenna, N
female connector
90° 7dBi Sanshui Shenglu
AVM0918-0857-
00SF
870-960/1710-2170 MHz Vertical polarization
panel antenna, N
female connector
90° 7 dBi ANDREW
figure 5 Schematic diagram of directional panel antenna of indoor distribution system
2.1.4 High Gain Directional Antenna Used in the Lift WellTable-6 Existing wideband log-periodical antenna of the indoor distribution system
Type Frequency range Description Angle of deflection
Gain Supplier
742192 806–2170 MHz Vertical log-periodical
antenna DIN female
connector
50 11
dBi
KATHREIN
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WCDMA RNP Indoor Distribution System Antenna Type Selection Guidance
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figure 6 Schematic diagram of wideband log-periodical antenna of indoor distribution system
2.2 Fiber Distribution System
To avoid loss in the remote feeder cable transmission, the fiber distribution scheme
can be used, which can decrease the loss of the allocated radio frequency signal in
the remote transmission. The optical master unit (MU), placed at the signaling
source, converts the radio frequency small signal of the signal source into optical
signal. Then the optical signal is allocated to the remote unit (RU) at the remote
antenna, and the RU amplifies the optical signal and converts them into radio
frequency signals. The MU can be connected to 24 RUs at the maximum.
The RU and MU are connected by two fibers, one for uplink and the other for
downlink. On the other hand, power supply is required for their running. The base
station is connected with the near-end unit of the fiber repeater with a coupler.
Generally, the fiber system is used when the base station and the antenna are in a
long distance, for example, in college campus and building blocks of corporation.
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WCDMA RNP Indoor Distribution System Antenna Type Selection Guidance
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figure 7 Schematic diagram of fiber distribution system
figure 8 Structure of fiber distribution system
The fiber distribution system is applicable for covering scattered long-distance
buildings. It cannot be put into fullplay in ordinary buildings. It requires fiber
transmission resources, and the cost is high.
2.2.1 Analysis of the Scenario
Refer to WCDMA RAN Antenna Type Selection Repeater for the donor antenna of
repeater.
Refer to Section 2.1.1 for the indoor distribution system.
2.2.2 Basic requirements of Antenna
Refer to WCDMA RAN Antenna Type Selection Repeater for the donor antenna of
repeater.
Refer to Section 2.1.2 for the indoor distribution system.
2.2.3 Existing Antenna and Antenna Type Selection
Refer to WCDMA RAN Antenna Type Selection Repeater for the donor antenna of
repeater.
Refer to Section 2.1.3 for the indoor distribution system.
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WCDMA RNP Indoor Distribution System Antenna Type Selection Guidance
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WCDMA RNP Indoor Distribution System Antenna Type Selection Guidance
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3 Antenna Information
3.1 Omni Antenna Information
3.1.1 Sanshui Shenglu
3.1.2 Dongfang Lianxin
Product type TS-IAOMT-800/2400
Frequency range (MHz) 806–960, 1420–2400
Gain (dBi) 3–6
-3dB horizontal beam angle 360°
-3dB vertical beam angle 180°
Voltage standing wave ratio <1.3
Maximum power 20
Connector N female connector
Size (mm) 65x185
Weight (kg) < 0.2
3.2 Directional Antenna
3.2.1 ANDREW
3.2.2 KATHREIN
3.2.3 Sanshui Shenglu
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WCDMA RNP Indoor Distribution System Antenna Type Selection Guidance
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3.3 High Gain Directional Antenna
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WCDMA NodeB 室内分布系统天线选型 内部公开
[1] C. R. Anderson, T. S. Rappaport, In-Building Wideband Multipath Characteristics at 2.5 & 60
GHz, VTE. IEEE, 2002
[2] S. Y. Seidel, T. S. Rappaport, 914 MHz Path Loss Prediction Models for Indoor Wireless
Communications in Multifloored Buildings, IEEE Trans. on Ant. & Prp., Vol. 40 No.2, 1992
[3] Gu Jufeng, WCDMA RNP Solution Tunnel & Subway Coverage Solution , Department
documentation, 2002/12/31
[4] Gu Jufeng, WCDMA RNP Indoor Distribution System Design Guidance, Department
documentation, 2002/12/31
[5] Wang Mingmin, WCDMA RNP Solution Urban Coverage Solution, Department
documentation, 2002/12/31
[6] Miao Jiashu, WCDMA RNP Solution Rural Coverage, Department
documentation,2002/12/31
[7] Yang Bin, Indoor Coverage Guide, Radio Network Planning Department, 2002/04/09
[8] Gu Jufeng, WCDMA RNP Indoor Coverage Solution, Department documentation, 2002/12/31
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