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Water Quality Monitoring and Research in Somenos and Quamichan Lake
Dave Preikshot, PhD, RPBioAquatic Ecosystems Scientist
Somenos Marsh Wildlife Society
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Focus subjects of this presentation are water quality and fish habitat
• Historic monitoring and research
• Current monitoring and research
• Water quality trends
• Fish habitat trends
• Management and research options
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Meet the neighbors
• Coho Salmon
• Rainbow Trout
• Cutthroat Trout
• Chum Salmon
• Three-Spined Stickleback
• Peamouth Chub
• Sculpin
• Pumpkinseed Sunfish
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Our Shared Watersheds
• Heavily impacted by forestry, agriculture and urban development
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Historic (1859)water courses and land use
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How did we get here?
• Changes to water courses
• Changes in land cover
• Changes in climate
• Changes in land use practices
To find a way out we need to monitor and conduct research that informs effective management decisions
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Jul, Aug, Sep is now warmer
14
16
18
1940 1960 1980 2000
mean tem
pera
ture
(°C
)
Jul Aug Sep
mean
1940-1957 15.7
1958-1984 16.1
1985-2016 17.0
2010-2016 17.4
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Summer dry season is now longer
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
1940 1960 1980 2000
Start End Days
mean 1940-1983 29-Apr 14-Sep 138
mean 1984-2016 19-Apr 23-Sep 157
mean 2010-2016 14-Apr 27-Sep 166
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Cowichan/Koksilah E. coli water quality targets
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• primary contact: ≤ 77 CFUs/100 mL
• secondary contact: ≤ 385 CFUs/100 mL
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0
100
200
300
400
Koksilah R. @TCH
Averill Ck. @TCH
Bings Cr. @Phillip + Mary
St.
Cowichan R.@ TCH
QuamichanCk. head
QuamichanLk. @
Westlock Rd.
Richards Ck.@ Herd Rd.
Somenos Ck.@ Lakes Rd.
geomean E. coli
1º contact
2º contact
781 !
E. coli (CFU/100ml) vs primary and secondary contact guidelines 2018: mostly creeks
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E. coli (CFU/100ml) mean/max/min vs primary and secondary contact guidelines 2018: mostly creeks
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
CowRWeir
CowR GR CowR7800 CLR
CowR Sto CowR Vi CowR Al CowRTCH
CowRDyke
Bings Tan Menz Cur Bings Phil
phos
phor
us (m
g/l)
mean E. coli primary contact secondary contact
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Cowichan / Koksilah phosphorus objectives
• Objectives set for low discharge period only
• mean of 5 samples: 0.005 mg/L
• max of 5 samples: 0.007 mg/L
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Somenos/Quamichan phosphorus 2017: mostly lakes
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
RichardsCk. @ Herd
Rd.
QuamichanCk. head
QuamichanLk. @
WestlockRd.
Averill Ck.@ TCH
SomenosCk. @
Lakes Rd.
Bings Cr. @Phillip +Mary St.
Koksilah R.@ TCH
Cowichan R.@ TCH
tota
l phosphoro
us (
mg/L
)
Mean Obs
Max Obs
Mean Std (0.005)
Max Std (0.007)
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1.7 ! 8.0 ! 1.6 !
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Somenos/Quamichan phosphorus 2018: mostly creeks
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0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
CowRWeir
CowRGR
CowR7800CLR
CowRSto
CowRVi
CowRAl
CowRTCH
CowRDyke
BingsTan
MenzCur
BingsPhil
phosphoru
s (
mg/l)
Mean Phosphorus
Mean Threshold
Max Threshold
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Somenos Lake Monthly Mean, Maximum, and Minimum Lake Levels (2015-2018)
4
5
6
7
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Lake L
evel (m
GS
C)
Mean 5m
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Somenos Lake Monthly Mean, Maximum, and Minimum Lake Levels (early 1960s)
4
5
6
7
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Lake L
evel (m
GS
C)
Mean 5m
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Somenos Lake Daily Temperature from data loggers 2014-2018
0
10
20
30
2014-Jul 2015-Jan 2015-Jul 2016-Jan 2016-Jul 2017-Jan 2017-Jul 2018-Jan 2018-Jul
tem
per
atu
re (
°C)
0m
3m
6m
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Somenos Lake Water Quality Monitoring Data for Salmon and Trout Habitat
• light blue = good for fish health
• yellow = marginal for fish health
• red = lethal to fish
• Data collected once a week from April 1 to October 31 and once per month from November 1 to March 31
• Samples at 0,1,2,3,4,5,and 6m for T, DO, pH, conductivity and total dissolved solids
• Samples collected at 0, 3, 5m for total phosphorous
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Temperature 2015-2018
0m
1m
2m
3m
4m
5m
6m2015-Jan 2015-Jul 2016-Jan 2016-Jul 2017-Jan 2017-Jul 2018-Jan 2018-Jul
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Oxygen 2015-2018
0m
1m
2m
3m
4m
5m
6m2015-Jan 2015-Jul 2016-Jan 2016-Jul 2017-Jan 2017-Jul 2018-Jan 2018-Jul
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pH 2015-2018
0m
1m
2m
3m
4m
5m
6m2015-Jan 2015-Jul 2016-Jan 2016-Jul 2017-Jan 2017-Jul 2018-Jan 2018-Jul
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Combined 2015-2018
0m
1m
2m
3m
4m
5m
6m2015-Jan 2015-Jul 2016-Jan 2016-Jul 2017-Jan 2017-Jul 2018-Jan 2018-Jul
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Solutions Are Possible
• Create wetlands where possible as point source remediation of pollutants, e.g., Beverly Wetland
• Encourage riparian vegetation buffers to slow water movement and storage in the soil, e.g., Clean Water Action Plan
• Develop water storage to protect and enhance stream habitat for salmon and trout, e.g., Crofton Lake weir
• Work with land owners to minimize discharges of nutrients and pollutants, e.g., Clean Water Action Plan
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The Olivia Niven Estate
SMWS sponsors for
water quality sampling
SMWS partners for
water quality sampling
Acknowledgements and thanks to our funders and partners