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Alliances
Before the outbreak of war there were 2 major power blocs in Europe
• Triple Alliance
• Triple Entente
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Alliance System: A Chain Reaction
• Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia
• Russia mobilizes against Austria-Hungary
• Germany declares war on Russia
• France vows to help Serbia
• Germany invades France (through Belgium)
• Great Britain rushes to help protect France
• Canada is expected to follow Britain to war
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Belligerents
• The Central Powers• Austria-Hungary• Germany• Bulgaria• Turkey (Ottoman Empire)
• The Allied Powers• France• Russia• Great Britain (and colonies)• Italy (1915)• Japan• USA (1917)
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Trench Warfare
• Cold and wet
• Hard to sleep
• “Shell Shock”
• “Trenchfoot” led to gangrene
• Body Lice
• Dead bodies, rats and maggots
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A bad case of trench foot. Dead tissue, infection, exposed bone…
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Gas Attack Second battle of Ypres (22 April -25 May) Photo: visitflanders.co.uk
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The Australian infantry wears small box respirators to ward off the harmful effects of poison gas.
Photo: Australian War Memorial
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British Infantry hit by gas at Ypres. 1915. Archive Photos Collection,Garibaldi