Download - Vehicle Hgv A
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ESPOON
PALOLAITOS
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New Car and HGV Construction
Researched and prepared by:
Robert B. Walmsley RN EMT (P)
Consultant Rescue
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If your cow sounds like this
may we suggest the fish.
If your cow sound like this
then fire up the barbecue.
Public Service Announcement
How to identify if your cow has mad cows disease..
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Program
What is driving vehicle designers
Regulations and standards
Airbags and seat belts
Effects on the human body and safety solutions
New body and chassis materials
How development in tool design, assistsus to cope with these
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Safety in passenger cars
America NHTSA
MVSS 208
MVSS 214
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USA crash test
Velocity 56km/hr
Dummies
unrestrained
Object has nocrumple zone
FMVSS No. 208
object
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Impact at 56 km/hr - 35 mph
Frontal impact
Designing For Safety
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Safety in passenger carsEuropean union (EU) directive 96/79 EC
Regulations have been introduced in 1996for full implementation by 1997
European union (EU) directive 96/79 EC Euro airbags
Seatbelt tensioners with G force limiters
Crush / distortion passenger cell at 64 km/h
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EuroNCAP crash test
Velocity 64 km/hr
Dummies
restrained inseatbelts
Object has crumple
zone Fixed Deformable Barrier
40% Overlap
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Frontal 3/4 offset crash test
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Safety HGV
Regulations have been introduced in1998 for full implementation by 2000
EN norm ECE R29
Crush resistant cabs
Impact / distortion 15,000 kg
Crush / distortion 25,000 kg/25 km/h
video
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What is the community trying toachieve with the new norms?Reduce death on the roads- Head injury deaths have been reduced by 67%
in Europe, in cars with airbags. (James Lenard Et Al1998)
- Death in road accidents cost $970,000= perperson, most die in 17 to 45 age group(L.M.Watson Et Al 1996)
Reduce serious injury on the roads
- Reduction in injury patterns to the thorax andabdomen with the introduction of G forcelimiters on seat belts. (S.W. Rouhana Et Al 1998)
- An intensive care bed costs $ 28,107 per week(Mrs van Gils, University Hospital Rotterdam 1998)
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Program
What is driving vehicle designers
Regulations and standards
Airbags and seat belts
Effects on the human body and safety solutions
New body and chassis materials
How development in tool design, assistsus to cope with these
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MECHANISM OF INJURY IN AN ENTRAPMENT
pre 1996
Cause of death
Head, neck and chest injuries.
Reason:
Contact with interior, fixtures and fittings.
No seat belt worn
Less effective crumple zones
No airbags or agressive airbagsNo side protection (SIPS)
Deceleration injuries or blunt trauma at > 40 km/h
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MECHANISM OF INJURY IN AN ENTRAPMENT
post 1996
Cause of deathDeceleration injuries :
shock lung, bruising of the heart, tearing of the
great vessels and tearing of the liver.
Effective crumple zones and passenger cell up to64 km/h but ineffective > 64 km/h
These injury patterns presume that
seat bel ts are being worn !
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MECHANISM OF INJURY IN AN ENTRAPMENT
Blunt trauma caused by Kinetic Energy (KE)
KE = M/2 x V
The Kinetic Energy involved when a 2 kg heart is
travelling along at 64 km/hr and hits an immovable object
Converted to G force or Mass/ weight :
4069 units of energy = 49 G,s or 396 kg
2
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MECHANISM OF INJURY IN AN ENTRAPMENT
KE = 68000 units of energy
If the mass increased by 10 kg
95 kg @ 40 km/hr KE = 76000 units of energy
If the velocity increased by 24 km/hr85 kg @ 64 km/hr KE = 174080 units of energy
10.53 %
160,93 %
What is the kinetic energy involved when an 85 kg person
is travelling at 40 km/hr
KE = M/2 x V2
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MECHANISM OF INJURY IN AN ENTRAPMENT
How can we survive this type of deceleration?
Passive systems
Crumple zones
Energy deflection systems
Non passenger cell penetration design
HSLA steel seat backs
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MECHANISM OF INJURY IN AN ENTRAPMENT
How can we survive this type of deceleration?
Active systems
Air bag energy absorption systems
Seat belt systems with G load limiters
Side impact systems (SIPS)
Head protection systems (HPS)
Side impact curtains (ITS)
C A S O A A
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MECHANISM OF INJURY IN AN ENTRAPMENT
00
50
25
100
75
G Forces
1007550 Micro second
25
Full impact energy
Crumple zones
Energy deflection
Airbags
G force Limiter
00
> 6 G
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Designing For Safety
Impact at 64 km/hr - 40 mph
Front 3/4 impact
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Program
What is driving vehicle designers
Regulations and standards
Airbags and seat belts
Effects on the human body and safety solutions
New body and chassis materials
How development in tool design, assistsus to cope with these
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Airbags
Traditional airbags Full Passenger airbags
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Airbags
Secunet
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Airbags
Seat airbagDoor airbags
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Airbags
Roof frame and side airbags video
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Airbags
Roof frame and door airbags
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Airbags
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Airbags
Volvo curtain airbags
Back viewFront view
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3
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4
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5
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Seatbelt pretension systems
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Pyrotechnic
Seatbelt pretension systems
Spring
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Seatbelt pretension systems
G force limiter
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Program
What is driving vehicle designers
Regulations and standards
Airbags and seat belts
Effects on the human body and safety solutions
New body and chassis materials
How development in tool design, assistsus to cope with these
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New body materials
Synthetic body panelsprovide very little
purchaseComposites may be
difficult to cut withtraditional cutters
Dust and particles fromcomposites can behazardous
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New body materials
Poly-carbonate
chassis and windows
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New body materials
Outer GlassThermo Poly Sheet
Polycarbon glass
Inner Glass
Anti shrades liner
Armour Glass BMW 7 series
Thickness: 18.2mm
Outer side
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New body materials
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New body materials
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Laminated or
policarbon windscreen
Maintenance panel
Auto-lock doors and hatchs
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Frame Construction
Micro-alloy and Boron Steel
Side impact protection
Passenger cell integrity
HSLA (High Strength Low Alloy) SteelIncreases rollover strength,
Energy deflection system
Tensile strengths
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Tensile strengths
2
2
2
2
700 N/mm
1380 N/mm
350-550 N/mm
150-250 N/mm
Micro-alloy
HSLA
Mild steel
Boron steel
Holmatro cutter blades 2000 N/mm 2
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Frame Construction
Upgraded & New systems
R.O.P.S.New crumple zone
Wheel & motor deflection SIPS Energy deflection system
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Frame Construction
Side impact bars
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Frame Construction :
Cutting of ultra-hard steels
Ford Mondeo SIPS
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Frame Construction
Side impact absorption cushion
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Frame Construction
Boron steel
HSLA steel
F C t ti
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Frame Construction
Boronsteel
F C t ti
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Frame Construction
Side wall energy deflection system
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Frame Construction
Energy deflection systems
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Frame Construction
HSLA seat re enforcing
MECHANISM OF INJURY IN AN ENTRAPMENT
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Blunt trauma caused by Kinetic Energy (KE)
KE = M/2 x VThe Kinetic Energy involved when a crate of beer, 12kg, is
travelling along at 64 km/hr and hits an immovable object
Converted to G force or Mass/ weight :
4924 units of energy = 294 G,s or 2396 kg
2
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Steel crush resistant frame
Now is not the time to find out that
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Now is not the time to find out that
your cutter is not strong enough
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Frame constructionHSLA steel
Easy to spot weld
Boron steelinside the A pillar and
across dash pelmet
Foam filling is also usedfor re-enforcing andacoustics
Upgrade your rescue tools
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You need the correct tools
A strong cutter withoptimum bladedesign
1
2
3
45 tons of force
1 Large notch for initial cut
2 Sharp teeth to shatter ultrahard steel
3 Curved blade to hold
material
Upgrade your rescue tools
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SP 3280
You need the correct tools
A strong spreaderwith well designedtips
SP 3260
SP 3240
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Rams assorted
TR 3340
TR 3350
You need the correct tools
A set of powerfulrams
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A
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Some Space making techniques
1.
Strategic cuts
TYPE : Front 3/4 removal
TYPE F t 3/4 l
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1.
Strategic cuts
TYPE: Front 3/4 removal
Front 3/4 removal
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ControlledRamming
Front 3/4 removal
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ControlledRamming
Front 3/4 removal
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Holmatro
Number One In
The World For
A Reason!