Download - US History Ch 13.1
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U.S. HistoryChapter 13: Industrial Growth in the NorthSection 1: The Industrial Revolution & America
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The Industrial Revolution
•1700s: Most Europeans & Americans were farmers, few skilled workers
•Demand for manufactured goods grows
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The Industrial Revolution
•Industrial Revolution:
–Period of rapid growth in manufacturing & production
–Occurred in response to a demand for manufactured goods
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The Industrial Revolution
• Breakthroughs in textiles
• James Hargreaves: patented spinning jenny in 1770
Spinning Jenny
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The Industrial Revolution
• Richard Arkwright: patented the water frame
• Lowered costs, increased production
Water Frame
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Slater & His Secrets
• Samuel Slater: British immigrant & mechanic who opened a mill at Pawtucket, Rhode Island
Samuel Slater
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Slater & His Secrets
•New England had many fast-flowing rivers to supply power
•Few mills in South—foucsed on farming
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Manufacturing Breakthrough
•Manufacturing done by hand, parts differed
•1790s: war with France possible
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Manufacturing Breakthrough
•Technology—tools designed to produce goods or to do work
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Manufacturing Breakthrough
• Interchangeable Parts—process developed by Eli Whitney that called for making each vital part of a machine exactly the same
Eli Whitney
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Manufacturing Breakthrough
•Acquired contract to build 10,000 guns in two years
•Failed to fulfill contract
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Manufacturing Breakthrough
•Mass Production—efficiently making large numbers of identical goods
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A Slow Start for Manufacturing
•Manufacturing grew slowly in the U.S.
•Factors:
–High price of labor
–Lack of capital
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The War of 1812 & Manufacturing
•British blockaded ports
•Americans begin to buy items from American manufacturers
•Manufacturers expand, investors lend more money
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“To be independent for the comforts of life we must fabricate them ourselves. We must now place the manufacturer side by side of the agriculturist.”
--Thomas Jefferson