UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA
DEVELOPMENT OF SMART MONITORING PARKING
SYSTEM USING ARDUINO
This report submitted in accordance with requirement of the Universiti Teknikal
Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) for the Bachelor‟s Degree in Electronic Engineering
Technology (Electronic Industry) (Hons.)
by
MOHAMAD NUR ZAHIR BIN ABDUL GHANI
B071310627
940324-04-5441
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
2016
UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA
BORANG PENGESAHAN STATUS LAPORAN PROJEK SARJANA MUDA
TAJUK: Development of Smart Monitoring Parking System Using Arduino
SESI PENGAJIAN: 2016/17 Semester 1 Saya MOHAMAD NUR ZAHIR BIN ABDUL GHANI mengaku membenarkan Laporan PSM ini disimpan di Perpustakaan Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) dengan syarat-syarat kegunaan seperti berikut:
1. Laporan PSM adalah hak milik Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka dan penulis. 2. Perpustakaan Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka dibenarkan membuat salinan
untuk tujuan pengajian sahaja dengan izin penulis. 3. Perpustakaan dibenarkan membuat salinan laporan PSM ini sebagai bahan
pertukaran antara institusi pengajian tinggi.
4. **Sila tandakan ( )
SULIT
TERHAD
TIDAK TERHAD
(Mengandungi maklumat yang berdarjah keselamatan atau kepentingan Malaysia sebagaimana yang termaktub dalam AKTA RAHSIA RASMI 1972)
(Mengandungi maklumat TERHAD yang telah ditentukan oleh organisasi/badan di mana penyelidikan dijalankan)
Alamat Tetap:
22A-5-7 Persiaran Mayang Pasir 5,
Bukit Gedong, Bayan Baru, 11950
Bayan Lepas, Pulau Pinang.
Tarikh: ________________________
Disahkan oleh:
Cop Rasmi: Tarikh: _______________________
** Jika Laporan PSM ini SULIT atau TERHAD, sila lampirkan surat daripada pihak berkuasa/organisasi berkenaan dengan menyatakan sekali sebab dan tempoh laporan PSM ini perlu dikelaskan sebagai SULIT atau TERHAD.
DECLARATION
I hereby, declared this report entitled “Development Of Smart Monitoring Parking
System Using Arduino” is the results of my own research except as cited in references.
Signature : ..............................................
Author‟s Name : MOHAMAD NUR ZAHIR BIN ABDUL GHANI
Date : 18 DECEMBER 2016
APPROVAL
This report is submitted to the Faculty of Engineering Technology of UTeM as a
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering
Technology (Industrial Electronics) with Honours. The member of the supervisory
is as follow:
......................................................................
(Encik Ahmad Sayuthi Bin Mohamad Shokri)
i
ABSTRAK
Projek ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan memperbaharui sistem tempat letak kereta yang
sedia ada dengan sistem yang baru. Hal ini kerana, sistem tempat letak kereta yang sedia
ada tidak sistematik dan kurang efisien kerana masih tidak dapat mengatasi masalah
yang sering berlaku kepada pengguna kereta. Masalah yang sering dihadapi oleh
pengguna kereta adalah mereka tidak dapat mengagak posisi sebenar untuk meletakkan
kereta mereka dengan betul di dalam kawasan tempat letak kereta yang disediakan. Hal
ini menyebabkan ruang tempat letak kereta tidak mencukupi disebabkan faktor kereta
yang diparkir tidak diletakkan dengan betul dan mengambil ruang kawasan tempat letak
kereta yang lain lalu mengakibatkan pengguna kereta yang lain tidak dapat tempat untuk
meletakkan kereta mereka. Dengan sistem yang baru ini, penambahbaikan telah
dilaksanakan untuk memudahkan pengguna kereta meletakkan kenderaan mereka
dengan posisi yang betul di dalam ruang tempat letak kereta yang disediakan. Hal ini
dapat menjimatkan ruang tempat letak kereta malahan menoptimumkan penggunaan
ruang tempat letak kereta yang disediakan. Sistem ini menggunakan Arduino UNO
microcontroller untuk memproses pemprograman yang menghubungkan pengesan
ultrasonic untuk mengesan kereta di ruang tempat letak kereta.
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ABSTRACT
The project aims to study and renew the parking system available with the new system.
This is because, parking system existing nowadays unsystematic and less efficient
because they do not resolve the problem that often happens to car users. Problems faced
by consumers is their cannot figure out the actual position to park their cars right in the
parking area provided. This leads to an insufficient parking space because the car parked
not placed properly and take up space parking area and lead to other car users cannot
park their cars. With this new system, improvements have been made to facilitate car
user to park their cars in the correct position in the parking space provided. This can
save car park space and also optimizes the uses of parking space available. This system
uses the Arduino UNO microcontroller programming to process the ultrasonic sensors to
detect cars in the parking space.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, I would like to praise Allah the Almighty, which have helped
me an guided me until completing of my Bachelor Degree Project. I would like to
express my heartfelt gratitude and appreciation to all who related and contributed
towards the success of my PSM project. Furthermore, I would like to thank to my
project supervisor Madam Nurliyana Binti Mutalib and my co-supervisor Mr Ahmad
Sayuthi Bin Shokri for the guidance and opinion with creative idea for me to complete
this project and my report. Not forget also to both of my panels, which had gives
comments and suggestions to my project in order for me to improves my project. I also
would like to express my gratitude to my beloved parents and sibling for their support.
Moreover, I also would like to express my gratitude to the management of FTK for
giving me used the lab and providing me with required components in order to finished
up my project. Lastly, I also want to wish acknowledgement to the people who give
support direct or indirectly during the making process of my project prototype and report
writing. It means a lot for me. May Allah S.W.T bless all of you.
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TABLE OF CONTENT
Abstrak i
Abstract ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Table of Content v
List of Tables viii
List of Figures ix
List Abbreviations, Symbols and Nomenclatures xi
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Background 1
1.3 Problem Statement 2
1.4 Objectives 2
1.5 Scope of project 2
1.6 Outline of Project Report 3
vi
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction 4
2.2 Research from previous project 4
2.2.1 Park-A-Lot: An Automated Parking Management System 5
(Kuo-Pao Yang 2013).
2.2.2 Sensor fusion-Based Vacant Parking Slot Detection and Tracking 5
(Jae Kyu Suhr & Ho Gi Jung 2014).
2.2.3 Sensor Fusion based Energy Efficient and Sustainable Smart 6
Parking System (Gul Shahzad 2015).
2.2.4 A Vision-Based Parking Lot Management System (Sheng-Fuu 6
Lin 2006).
2.2.5 Design and Implementation of a Digital Parking Lot 7
Management System by (Xiaolong Li 2009).
2.3 Hardware and Software review 8
2.3.1 Ultrasonic ranging module (HC-SR04) 8
2.3.2 Passive InfraRed Motion Sensor (HC-SR501) 10
2.3.3 Arduino Microcontroller 11
2.3.3.1 Arduino UNO 12
2.3.3.2 Advantages of Arduino UNO 13
2.3.4 RGB Led 14
2.3.5 Buzzer 15
vii
CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction 16
3.2 Project Planning 17
3.3 Project Flow 18
3.3.1 Information Gathering 19
3.3.2 Designing Process 19
3.3.3 Testing and Troubleshooting 20
3.3.4 Redesigning 20
3.4 Hardware Implementation 20
3.4.1 Circuit Arduino with Ultrasonic Sensor 22
3.4.2 Circuit Arduino with PIR Sensor 23
3.4.3 Circuit Arduino with RGB Led 23
3.4.4 Circuit Arduino with Buzzer 24
3.5 Software Implementation 24
3.5.1 Arduino IDE Software to program the Arduino 24
3.5.2 Arduino UNO programming flowchart for this project system 25
CHAPTER 4: RESULT AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Introduction 27
4.2 Project Prototype 27
4.3 Hardware Development and Experimental Works 29
4.3.1 When there is no car at parking lot 30
viii
4.3.2 When there is a car at parking lot 30
4.3.3 When the car moves and touch to the left line of parking lot 31
4.3.4 When the car moves and touch to the right line of parking lot 32
4.4 Software Development and Experimental Works 33
4.4.1 Arduino UNO programming for this project 33
4.4.2 Interface of Serial Monitor in Arduino IDE software 35
4.5 Experiment Result
4.5.1 Prototype experiment for top ultrasonic sensor 36
4.5.2 Prototype experiment for left ultrasonic sensor 38
4.5.3 Prototype experiment for right ultrasonic sensor 40
4.6 Project Analysis
4.6.1 Experiment done for installed top ultrasonic sensor 42
4.6.2 Experiment done for installed left ultrasonic sensor 43
4.6.3 Experiment done for installed right ultrasonic sensor 44
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Introduction 45
5.2 Achievements of Research Objectives 45
5.3 Significance of Research 45
5.4 Recommendation 46
REFERENCES 47
viii
LIST OF TABLES
2.1 Specifications of Ultrasonic Sensor 9
2.2 Specifications of PIR Sensor 11
4.1 Installed Top Ultrasonic Sensor 42
4.2 Installed Left Ultrasonic Sensor 43
4.3 Installed Right Ultrasonic Sensor 44
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LIST OF FIGURES
2.1 Ultrasonic Ranging Module 8
2.2 Sequence Chart of Ultrasonic Sensor 9
2.3 PIR Motion Sensor 10
2.4 The Architecture of Arduino UNO 12
2.5 RGB Led 14
2.6 Buzzer 15
3.1 Monitoring Parking System phase 16
3.2 Step of Methodology 17
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10
3.11
Project Process Flowchart
Block Diagram of Project Implementation
Block Diagram of Project Implementation With Photo
Circuit Connection Arduino UNO with Ultrasonic Sensor
Circuit Connection Arduino UNO with PIR Sensor
Circuit Connection Arduino UNO with RGB Led
Circuit Connection Arduino UNO with Buzzer
Arduino IDE Software
Overall Process of Arduino UNO Program Flowchart
19
21
21
22
23
23
24
24
26
x
4.1 Prototype of the project 28
4.2 Schematic diagram of project using Proteus 8 29
4.3 Prototype shows empty parking 30
4.4 Prototype shows occupied parking 30
4.5 Front view of prototype shows the position of the car is move to 31
the left.
4.6 Top view of prototype shows the position of the car is move to 31
the left.
4.7 Front view of prototype shows the position of the car is move to 32
the right.
4.8 Top view of prototype shows the position of the car is move to 32
the right.
4.9 Interface of Arduino IDE software 33
4.10 The initialize code of this project 34
4.11 The condition of the programming process system 35
4.12 Interface of serial monitor in Arduino IDE to monitoring the 35
system
4.13 The distance of top ultrasonic with upper roof of the toy car 36
4.14 The serial monitor show distance of top offset is 14cm 36
4.15 The distance of top ultrasonic with upper surface of eraser 37
4.16 The serial monitor show distance of top offset is 15cm 37
4.17 The distance of left ultrasonic with back surface of toy car 38
4.18 The serial monitor show distance of left offset is 10cm 38
4.19 The distance of left ultrasonic with back surface of toy car 39
4.20 The serial monitor show distance of left offset is 11cm 39
4.21 The distance of right ultrasonic with back surface of toy car 40
4.22 The serial monitor show distance of right offset is 10cm 40
4.23 The distance of right ultrasonic with back surface of toy car 41
4.24 The serial monitor show distance of right offset is 11cm 41
xi
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS, SYMBOLS AND
NOMENCLATURE
ITS - Internet Time Service
PIR - Passive Infrared Sensor
IR - Infrared
IDE - Integrated Development Environment
USB - Universal Serial Bus
PWM - Pulse Width Modulation
ICSP - In-Circuit Serial Programming
AVR - Aboriginal Voices Radio
LED - Light-Emitting Diode
IDE - Integrated Development Environment
VCC - Voltage at the common collector
1
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
This chapter includes the background of the project, problem statement,
objectives, scope and outline of the project in order to give an overall view of the
project.
1.2 Background
This project is to develop advanced monitoring parking system in order to
save space and systematically using the Arduino microcontroller. The system is used
for the upgrading of parking system in the shopping center building with paid
parking. Specific control sensor is used in every box area of car park spaces. If the
car is not properly placed in the parking lot of the car park, the alarm will sound to
warn the driver as a signal for correcting the position of the car, so that the car will
be back properly in the parking lot. Furthermore, the car driver also will be alert with
the red lamp placed on the left and the right wall align with the line of parking lot to
indicate where the car moves on to whether on the left or the right of the parking lot
line. Addition of lights on each rooftop parking spaces are also used to display either
one of the parking lot is full or empty. It's easier for the car driver to look for empty
parking space.
2
1.3 Problem Statement
This project is about to create advanced system at the parking area especially
in the building of shopping center for the convenience of car user. First of all, due to
car user problem which cannot assume the distance between the car and object at the
parking lot, so an intelligence system is design to overcome the problem. Besides
that, irresponsible attitude of drivers who parking outside the parking lot have lead to
insufficient parking space for car user. Moreover, the car driver also has to take a
longer time to find the empty parking because there are no indication signals which
shows the car parking.
1.4 Objectives
The main objective of the project can be outlined as follows:
1) To study the Arduino Microcontroller application used in the project.
2) To design a smart monitoring parking system circuit.
3) To develop and simulate prototype device that combine hardware and software.
1.5 Scope of Project
This system is build based on the Arduino microcontroller. This project will
be divided into four modules which are the microcontroller, sensors, hardware and
the software. Firstly, few sensors will be set up around the parking line box and one
main sensor is installed in the middle of the roof top parking lot. In the operation, the
few sensors will identify the position of the car and automatically gives alert to the
car user so that they will fit in the parking box without interferes with other parking
box. When the car exceeds the parking line box, an alarm will sound and red lamp
will turns on to notify that the car is not park properly. While the main alarm is used
to detect the presence of the car, and light will display as the output when there is a
car in that parking lot. This system will be a prototype of the project. The
3
programming use in this project will be compile using Arduino software and then
been upload into the Arduino microcontroller to implement the process. The main
target of this project is to develop a monitoring parking system to accomplish car
user needs that can control and monitor the car at parking spaces specifically in
shopping center building. This system is focus in the building which has limited
parking spaces.
1.6 Outline of Project Report
The outline project of this report is divided into five sections to make clearly
view about this project. For the first section of this project, it is about the
introduction of system operation and hardware development of the project that
requires in this final year project. For the section two, it is about the review and
explanation of previous research and past paper that have related with this final year
project. While for the section three, it is more explained the details about the method
and process to made implementation of this project. Meanwhile for the section four,
it is more to discuss all the findings, results, discussion, and analysis about this
project. Lastly, the conclusion and recommendation for future work to improves this
project is been explained in the section five.
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CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
In this chapter, the literature evaluation contains the information and ideas in
completing the project which need to discussed. There are some sources that had
been used as the resources such as books, thesis, journal and website. It was included
the process of the circuit, the hardware and software implementation which is useful
in the project. Besides that, in this chapter we also make a study about several
projects that related to make some improvement or take some idea from the other
project. It is advantages to complete a project that has been created and make the
comparison between the previous project and this project in order to make this
project more efficient and systematic.
2.2 Research from Previous Project
Based on the previous project, it was used as the references to complete this
project successfully. It was useful to upgrade and modified the system that has been
done before. Furthermore, according to current developments, the latest technology
need to be used in this project to solve the problems faced at present.
5
2.2.1 Park-A-Lot: An Automated Parking Management System (Kuo-
Pao Yang 2013).
In this thesis, by using ultrasonic sensors, Arduino board, Ethernet
shield and motor shield the parking system is developed. The status of the
parking lot is able to send to the web interface by development of this
prototype system after the information is process in the Arduino board using
Ethernet shield [1]. Moreover, a parking gate is also implemented in this
project with the help of motor shield and a sample gate arm. This system is
competent to reading the ultrasonic sensor echo distances values, their
average, and the average is able to manipulate to decide whether the parking
spot represented sensor is free or taken. The research project is more complex
compare to this project. Therefore, from the research some ideas is taken to
implement it into this project and design advanced system by using Arduino.
2.2.2 Sensor fusion-Based Vacant Parking Slot Detection and Tracking
(Jae Kyu Suhr & Ho Gi Jung 2014).
This paper proposes a tracking and a vacant parking slot detection
system that fuses the sensors of an Around View Monitor (AVM) system and
an ultrasonic sensor based automatic parking system [2]. The proposed
system consists of three stages that are parking slot marking recognition,
parking slot occupancy arrangement, and parking slot marking tracking.
Using AVM image sequences, the parking slot marking recognition can be
known by various types of parking slot. It detects parking slots in individual
AVM images by exploiting a hierarchical tree structure of parking slot
markings and combines sequential detection results. The parking slot
occupancy arrangement stage identifies vacancies of detected parking slots
using ultrasonic sensor data. Parking slot occupancy is automatically
calculated by treating each parking slot region as a single cell of the
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occupancy grid. The parking slot marking tracking stage will continuously
estimates the position of the selected parking slot.
2.2.3 Sensor Fusion based Energy Efficient and Sustainable Smart
Parking System (Gul Shahzad 2015).
In this article, a smart energy efficient parking system is develop,
which the image detection techniques is integrates for license plate
recognition. Moreover, the infrared sensor also used for group control while
wireless sensor network (WSN) for intelligent light emitting diode (LED)
lighting [3]. The system offers better assistance to parking position and
controls LED lights based on traffic distribution for maximum energy
efficiency. Furthermore, compared to its complement conventional system it
also offers enhanced security. The system is developing by using ZigBee
based Wireless Mesh network (WMN) nodes equipped with RF module and
image sensor. In the operation, when the vehicles in the parking lot are
detected it automatically prominent using the grid based algorithm and
license plate image identification.
2.2.4 A Vision-Based Parking Lot Management System (Sheng-Fuu
Lin 2006).
In this research paper, the system is design by using vision based
parking management system to supervise an outdoor parking lot by four
cameras set up at loft of buildings around it which sending information that
includes real time display to the database of Internet Time Service (ITS)
center via internet [4]. This system let the drivers to find available parking
spaces or monitoring the parking lot where they parked their cars easily by
the help of wireless communication device. Different with this project, where
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the driver are indicate with led display at every parking lot to shows that the
parking lot is empty or full.
2.2.5 Design and Implementation of a Digital Parking Lot Management
System by (Xiaolong Li 2009).
This journal is about development of a digital vehicle management
system via radio frequency identification (RFID) technology [5]. The parking
system is enhancing by the digital vehicle organization system and the
availability of the parking space can be check by the user remotely since the
system is connected to the Internet. The advantage of the research project is,
it used RFID which it does not require direct contact or line of sight scanning.
Therefore, user can fast enter the parking lot without manually scanning the
parking permit. Furthermore, user also can view the availability of the
parking space easier because the system connected online. This help user
reduce the wasting time of search parking lot and also improve the parking lot
utilization. While the disadvantages is the RFID component is expensive and
used costly materials.