Università degli studi di Torino
Dipartimento di Fisica Sperimentale
Title:
“Test of front-end electronic read-out for detectors to monitor and measure Hadron’s
therapeutical beams”
Authors:
M. Borri, F. Rivero
2
INDEX
PART 1 – GENERAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE 60 TERA 06 BOARDS 1 – Introduction 2 – General characterization of the front-end electronics cards 2.1 - DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM 2.2 – TESTS 2.3 - RESULTS
PART 2 – IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS OF FE_062_004 AND FE_093_087 TERA 06 BOARDS 3 – Characterization of the FE_062_004 and FE_093_087 cards
3.1 – THE EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP
3.2 – DATA ANALYSIS 3.2..1 – LINEARITY
3
3.2..2– PEDESTALS TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE 3.2..3– CHARGE QUANTUM TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE 3.2..4– STABILITY IN TIME
4 – APPENDIX – Single chips-analysis
5 – Summary
6 – Bibliography
7 – Greetings
4
PART 1 – GENERAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE 60 TERA 06 BOARDS 1 – Introduction
The TERA06 Integrated Circuit (IC) is a 64-channel charge measurement ASIC (Application
Specific Integrated Circuit) designed in a CMOS 0.8 µm technology by INFN Torino Division. The
ASIC is intended to serve as front-end electronic read-out for detectors to monitor and measure
radiotherapeutical beams at CNAO (Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica).
Figure 1 - The top face of the board
The detectors are pixel or strip parallel plate ionization chambers described in [1] and [2] , similar
to the one in the picture:
Figure 2 - The TERA 05 mounted on Figure 3 - The MOPI detector
5
Figure 2 shows a kind of structure that will substain the boxes of the detector (that is an old-
fashioned picture, wich evidences the progresses done to minimize the boards dimensions), while
Figure 3 shows how will the structure be (that is the detector – MOPI - mounted at the Institute
Curie, in Paris, similar to the one to be mounted at the CNAO. of Pavia).
Every board has two chips TERA06 housed on the top:
they have been designed by the INFN Torino Division , while
been materially produced by the IBA Group, as shown from the
face of the chip.
The chips are used as reading devices of the pixel chambers, and
are equipped with 64 channels each, which every one works
independently from the others.
Figure 4 - The TERA 05 mounted on
To have an idea of how the chips work, here it is an electronic scheme (every channel works this
way):
Figure 5 - Circuital scheme of one channel of the chip
6
It consists of :
- an Operational Amplifier (OTA), set as integrator with a feedback capacity Cint = 600 fF;
- a Comparator (CMP), kept at Vth = 2,5 V;
- a Pulse Generator (P.G.), that gives a pulse of 100 ns every level transiction of the input
signal (from bottom to top);
- a quantum charge subtraction circuit, that generates a fixed charge of 400fC every times
a pulse arrives from the P.G.;
- a digital counter (CN), of 16 bits, that adds the pulses generated from the P.G.;
The principle of working is based on the count of the number of times in which an input charge,
charged by the current coming from the detector and uncharged of a precised charge quantum by
the circuit itself, reaches a prefixed value. In fact, in order to obtain the integrated total charge, it
only needs to multiply the counts obtained from the capacity charge with the charge subtracted.
In this way the circuit is called a “recycling integrator circuit”.
In sistesis, the entire circuit does the following thing:
Figure 6 - Bloc scheme of the chip
Every channel has:
- a converter, that converts current into frequency;
- a counter, of 16 bits;
- a latch, that allows the saving of the counts of every channel at the same time;
- a multiplexer, that unify all the 64 channels in order to allow the reading of the selected
channel (from 0 to 5);
7
2 – General characterization of the front-end electronics cards
2.1 - DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM
To acquire data from the electronic card, called FrontEnd_TERA06, a data acquisition system
(DAQ) has been used. It is based on PCI DAQ card National Instrument (PCI 6534) and Lab View
software (see Picture 7).
Figure 7 - Setup scheme
The data flux between the PCI DAQ card and the FrontEnd_TERA06 card is bidirectional, because
the main task of the DAQ consists of sending commands of control and also to manage the data.
Moreover, the experimental setup consisted of:
- Power supply (6 V.);
- two comunication boards LA TxRx (the first to convert the TTL signal in RS422 long-
distance standard, the second to convert RS422 in TTL);
- a computer with the necessary LabView software
8
Figure 8 and 9 show respectively the block diagram and the bottom of the FrontEnd_TERA06 card:
Figure 8 - Bloc diagram of TERA 06 Figure 9 – Bottom of TERA 06
It has two connectors (PMC) to collect the analogic signal out from the detector on the longest side,
while opposite it has a SCSI connector that manages the input digital signals (CONTROLS), sent
from the DAQ, and the output datas (DATA), coming out from the chip.
DATA contains information on counters (16 bits).
CONTROLS (16 bits) are rstD rstA Latch A10 A9 A8 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0, that consist
of:
- A0 – A5: address of the channel;
- A6 : address of the chip;
- A7 – A10 : address of the board;
- rstA : analogical reset signal;
- rstD : digital reset signal;
- Latch : Latch signal.
9
2.2 – TESTS
The performance of the front-end electronics card has been studied by measuring:
1. the pedestal (TEST PED LabView program);
2. the charge quantum value (TEST QUANTUM Labview program);
To characterize the sixty front-end electronics cards the experimental setup described in subsection
2.2 has been used with the following reference voltages:
- Power supply card voltage fixed at 6 V;
- Vota = 2.05 V, fixed reference voltage;
- V th = 2.5 V, threshold comparator voltge;
- V p+ = 3.12 V
- V p- = 2.12 V
( V p = V p+ - V p- = 1.0 V, that is the voltage that gives the amplitude of the signal coming to the
subtraction capacity, Q = Csub x Vp ).
Before the card’s characterization, each card was cleaned by ultrasounds cleaner . This was done in
order to avoid dirty on the components of the chips to make them work correctly (the dust could
change potentials and connections at the scale that the silicon components are built, corrupting the
precise measurements at such little dimensions).
Figure 10 - The ultrasounds cleaner
10
Once cleaned (15 minutes time every 6 board) they where disposed onto a table to make them dry
from alcohol:
Figure 11 - The cleaned boards drying
11
2.3 - RESULTS There had to be tested 60 boards: 57 of them worked out correctly, while the following showed
problems:
- FE_068_085 has both chips broken;
- FE_118_097 has the trimmer of Vota broken;
- FE_022_065 shows some problems.
Moreover, FE_048_031 has only one broken channel, so it can be used for a strip chamber with 127
working channels.
For other details see the Summary [chpt. 5].
Table 1 shows the summary of the test result on 57 FrontEnd_TERA06 “working cards”:
12
PEDESTAL QUANTUM ELECTRO
NIC BOARDS
MEAN (counts)
SIGMA (counts)
SIGMA/MEAN
MIN. (count
s)
MAX. (coun
ts)
MEAN (counts)
SIGMA (counts)
SIGMA/MEAN
MIN. (counts
)
MAX. (counts
)
002_013 1,254375 0,07289 0,05811 1,12 1,62 170,420625 0,861314 0,00505 168,35 172,3 003_053 1,113125 0,061372 0,05513 0,93 1,42 171,574063 1,050115 0,00612 169,26 173,32 005_050 0,902422 0,086377 0,09572 0,75 1,1 173,641172 1,248159 0,00719 171,35 177,15 010_009 1,067578 0,073267 0,06863 0,85 1,33 170,689453 0,801876 0,0047 168,39 172,31 012_ 011 0,959844 0,1243 0,1295 0,53 1,27 170,678281 0,872747 0,00511 168,36 172,49 020_056 1,301016 0,056802 0,04366 1,17 1,52 172,177344 0,929037 0,0054 169,67 173,77 030_037 1,109531 0,042922 0,03868 1,02 1,3 173,460859 1,337611 0,00771 170,47 175,47 032_071 1,071094 0,057933 0,05409 0,93 1,27 171,765625 1,158716 0,00675 168,68 173,98 035_021 0,937344 0,059559 0,06354 0,7 1,12 176,645547 2,153966 0,01219 172,52 181,16 036_025 0,997656 0,042639 0,04274 0,9 1,17 173,437734 1,030468 0,00594 171,01 176,1 038_059 1,104766 0,047802 0,04327 0,98 1,28 173,069297 1,306267 0,00755 170,3 175,29 041_045 1,224063 0,071777 0,05864 1,08 1,62 172,492344 0,722399 0,00419 170,41 174,18 042_028 1,258594 0,069495 0,05522 1,12 1,52 173,207188 0,917789 0,0053 171,19 175,12 044_024 0,941719 0,04714 0,05006 0,85 1,07 177,488672 1,551109 0,00874 174,43 180,77 047_016 1,259922 0,065718 0,05216 1,13 1,52 173,773125 1,015539 0,00584 171,18 176,25 049_075 1,202031 0,051181 0,04258 1,1 1,42 173,785156 1,225332 0,00705 171,02 176,47 051_039 1,228359 0,056802 0,04624 1,12 1,43 172,511016 1,220929 0,00708 168,94 174,32 052_046 1,117969 0,075455 0,06749 0,95 1,35 172,756328 0,743321 0,0043 170,84 174,11 055_061 1,220391 0,05784 0,0474 1,1 1,43 171,824922 1,422349 0,00828 169,11 174,13 057_029 1,474375 0,082555 0,05599 1,35 1,87 171,592422 1,082656 0,00631 168,99 173,45 058_014 0,964922 0,065292 0,06767 0,83 1,2 170,982188 0,956281 0,00559 168,97 172,81 060_040 1,105938 0,052187 0,04719 0,98 1,3 172,565859 1,138119 0,0066 170,1 174,49 062_004 1,065234 0,067823 0,06367 0,92 1,32 171,074609 1,29258 0,00756 168,34 173,41 063_001 1,029531 0,059709 0,058 0,9 1,23 171,209531 1,088486 0,00636 169,06 173,3 066_054 1,364688 0,109566 0,08029 1,17 2,27 169,939453 1,476468 0,00869 167,15 172,59 070_077 1,062813 0,053255 0,05011 0,93 1,27 172,717891 1,144496 0,00663 170,47 174,57 072_008 1,182656 0,053234 0,04501 1,07 1,38 173,00375 1,277374 0,00738 169,29 175,34 078_074 1,061484 0,060524 0,05702 0,93 1,23 174,292656 1,227433 0,00704 171,2 177,17 079_104 0,9825 0,069792 0,07103 0,82 1,23 172,661484 1,147619 0,00665 169,34 174,6 080_069 1,181719 0,06683 0,05655 1,05 1,45 173,764453 1,323867 0,00762 170,8 176 083_007 1,240859 0,047951 0,03864 1,15 1,47 175,402422 0,965678 0,00551 172,78 177,63 084_015 1,202031 0,051181 0,04258 1,1 1,42 169,500391 0,955085 0,00563 166,5 171,19 089_026 1,064453 0,05955 0,05594 0,95 1,28 174,958047 0,645615 0,00369 172,99 176,41 090_076 1,046719 0,042614 0,04071 0,93 1,2 173,289766 1,15822 0,00668 171,04 175,61 091_018 1,287734 0,062308 0,04839 1,13 1,6 171,99625 0,861525 0,00501 169,85 174,28 093_087 1,010234 0,060137 0,05953 0,88 1,2 174,365938 1,269287 0,00728 171,95 176,77 094_081 0,943984 0,052696 0,05582 0,82 1,15 173,721328 1,664855 0,00958 170,72 177,53 095_073 0,983828 0,046889 0,04766 0,88 1,15 174,170703 1,103357 0,00633 171,56 176,01 098_064 0,985859 0,042953 0,04357 0,87 1,12 175,030625 0,8868 0,00507 172,09 176,58 099_088 1,168203 0,050046 0,04284 1,05 1,3 175,496172 2,575256 0,01467 171,36 180,08 100_034 0,937578 0,049941 0,05327 0,8 1,15 176,365156 1,762101 0,00999 173,1 180,87 101_019 1,061484 0,057495 0,05416 0,95 1,32 172,144219 1,194532 0,00694 169,28 174,68 102_092 1,203984 0,064653 0,0537 1,05 1,42 172,736094 1,044315 0,00605 170,38 175,07 103_027 1,124375 0,057078 0,05076 1 1,42 172,085 1,145333 0,00666 169,54 174,52 106_105 1,216328 0,051982 0,04274 1,12 1,42 173,339297 0,693638 0,004 170,54 175,53 108_017 1,090078 0,052128 0,04782 0,97 1,3 172,136797 1,117643 0,00649 169,99 174,52 109_043 1,330313 0,058806 0,0442 1,17 1,5 176,583438 2,822774 0,01599 171,98 180,68 110_082 0,963672 0,078518 0,08148 0,57 1,15 176,559609 1,232487 0,00698 174,2 179,36 111_086 1,222266 0,047723 0,03904 1,12 1,42 173,629141 1,010252 0,00582 171,67 176,02
13
112_067 1,317656 0,052833 0,0401 1,22 1,52 172,370938 1,466924 0,00851 170,25 174,73 114_123 1,134063 0,080044 0,07058 0,98 1,42 174,933047 2,407288 0,01376 171,33 179,76 115_033 1,127656 0,084271 0,07473 1 1,68 175,011484 2,046969 0,0117 171,85 178,38 116_113 1,151172 0,08471 0,07359 0,98 1,48 175,512656 3,181877 0,01813 171,34 179,46 117_006 0,973438 0,049413 0,05076 0,85 1,17 175,958438 1,626297 0,00924 172,28 179,18 119_096 1,259375 0,07763 0,06164 1,13 1,55 173,12875 1,435781 0,00829 170,65 175,74 120_107 1,160469 0,049036 0,04226 1,05 1,37 173,846719 1,10621 0,00636 171,98 176,21
total: 1,124205 173,276348
048_031 1,086535 0,099693 0,09175 0 1,37 172,313228 1,302333 0,00756 0 174,85
Table 1 – Results of the tests
Here follows the search for:
- the board with the highest pedestals;
- the board with the middle pedestals;
- the board with the lowest pedestals;
- the board with the highest charge quantum;
- the board with the middle charge quantum;
- the board with the lowest charge quantum;
- the board with the highest background current;
- the board with the middle background current;
the chip with the lowest background current. Pedestals spread for 200 fC
Pedestal Spread
0,60
0,80
1,00
1,20
1,40
1,60
1,80
2,00
0 50 100
Channel
Pede
stal
(Hz)
FE_057_029FE_111_086FE_005_050
14
Charge Quantum spread for 200 fC
Background Current spread for 200 fC
Charge Quantum Spread
164166168170172174176178180182
0 50 100Channel
Cha
rge
Q.(f
C)
FE_044_024FE_090_076FE_084_015
Background Current Spread
100
150
200
250
300
350
0 50 100Channel
I(fA
)
057_029052_046005_050
15
TABLE 2: THE CHIPS BEHAVIOUR DURING THE TESTS
Electronics Board FE_003_053 Pedestal
Quantum
Test Mode
Pedestal FE_003_053
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_003_053
Test Mode FE_003_053
7090
7290
7490
7690
7890
8090
8290
8490
0 50 100
Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_003_053
Charge Quantum FE_003_053
169169,5
170170,5
171171,5
172172,5
173173,5
174
0 50 100
Channel
Cha
rge
quan
tum
(fC
)
FE_003_053
16
Electronics Board FE_005_050 Pedestal
Quantum
Test Mode
Pedestal FE_005_050
0.70.75
0.80.85
0.90.95
11.05
1.11.15
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_005_050
Test Mode FE_005_050
6000
6500
7000
7500
8000
8500
0 50 100
Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_005_050
Charge Quantum FE_005_050
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
0 50 100Channel
Cha
rge
Qua
ntum
(fC
)
FE_005_050
17
Electronics Board FE_010_009 Pedestal Not steligraphated on the bottom side
Quantum
Test Mode
The FE_010_009 is NOT steligraphated on the bottom side.
Test Mode FE_010_009
7310
7510
7710
7910
8110
8310
8510
8710
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_010_009
Charge Quantum FE_010_009
168168,5
169169,5
170170,5
171171,5
172172,5
173
0 50 100Channel
Chr
g Q
. (fC
)
FE_010_009
Pedestal FE_010_009
0,8
0,9
1
1,1
1,2
1,3
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_010_009
18
Electronics Board FE_012_011 Pedestal Not steligraphated on the bottom side
Quantum
Test Mode
The FE_012_011 is NOT steligraphated on the bottom side.
Pedestal FE_012_011
0.520.620.720.820.921.021.121.22
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_012_011
Test Mode FE_012_011
7020
7220
7420
7620
7820
8020
8220
8420
0 50 100
Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_012_011
Charge Quantum FE_012_011
168168,5
169169,5
170170,5
171171,5
172172,5
173
0 50 100Channel
Chr
g Q
.(fC
)
FE_012_011
19
Electronics Board FE_020_056 Pedestal
Quantum
Test Mode
Pedestal FE_020_056
1.15
1.2
1.25
1.3
1.35
1.4
1.45
1.5
1.55
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_020_056
Test Mode FE_020_056
7000
7500
8000
8500
9000
9500
0 50 100
Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_020_056
Charge Quantum FE_020_056
169169,5
170170,5
171171,5
172172,5
173173,5
174
0 50 100Channel
Chr
g Q
.(fC
)
FE_020_056
20
Electronics Board FE_030_037 Pedestal
Quantum
Test Mode
Pedestal FE_030_037
1
1.05
1.1
1.15
1.2
1.25
1.3
1.35
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_030_037
Test Mode FE_030_037
6277
6477
6677
6877
7077
7277
7477
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_030_037
Charge Quantum FE_030_037
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
0 50 100Channel
Chr
g Q
.(fC
)
FE_030_037
21
Electronics Board FE_032_071 Pedestal
Quantum
Test Mode
Pedestal FE_032_071
0.90.95
11.05
1.11.15
1.21.25
1.3
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_032_071
Test Mode FE_032_071
6438
6638
6838
7038
7238
7438
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_032_071
Charge Quantum FE_032_071
167168169170171172173174175
0 50 100Channel
Chr
g Q
.(fC
)
FE_032_071
22
Electronics Board FE_035_021 Pedestal
Quantum
Test Mode
Pedestal FE_035_021
0.650.7
0.750.8
0.850.9
0.951
1.051.1
1.15
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_035_021
Test Mode FE_035_021
6780698071807380758077807980818083808580
0 50 100
Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_035_021
Charge Quantum FE_035_021
170
172
174
176
178
180
182
0 50 100Channel
Chr
g Q
.(fC
)
FE_035_021
23
Electronics Board FE_036_025 Pedestal
Quantum
Test Mode
Charge Quantum FE_036_025
170,5
171,5
172,5
173,5
174,5
175,5
176,5
0 50 100Channel
Chr
g Q
.(fC
)
FE_036_025
Pedestal FE_036_025
0,85
0,9
0,95
1
1,05
1,1
1,15
1,2
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_036_025
Test Mode FE_036_025
6550
7050
7550
8050
8550
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_036_025
24
Electronics Board FE_038_059 Pedestal
Quantum
Test Mode
Pedestal FE_038_059
0.95
1
1.05
1.1
1.15
1.2
1.25
1.3
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_038_059
Test Mode FE_038_059
6500
6700
6900
7100
7300
7500
7700
0 50 100
Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_038_059
Charge Quantum FE_038_059
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
0 50 100Channel
Chr
g Q
.(fC
)
FE_038_059
25
Electronics Board FE_041_045 Pedestal
Quantum
Test Mode
Test Mode FE_041_045
7250745076507850805082508450865088509050
0 50 100
Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_042_045
Pedestal FE_041_045
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
0 50 100
Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_041_045
Charge Quantum FE_041_045
170170,5
171171,5
172172,5
173173,5
174174,5
0 50 100Channel
Chr
g Q
.(fC
)
FE_042_045
26
Electronics Board FE_042_028 Pedestal
Quantum
Test Mode
Pedestal FE_042_028
1.11.15
1.21.25
1.31.35
1.41.45
1.51.55
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_042_028
Test Mode FE_042_028
6920
7120
7320
7520
7720
7920
8120
8320
0 50 100
Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_042_028
Charge Quantum FE_042_028
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
0 50 100Channel
Chr
g Q
.(fC
)
FE_042_028
27
Electronics Board FE_044_024 Pedestal
Quantum
Test Mode
Pedestal FE_044_024
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
1
1.05
1.1
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_044_024
Test Mode FE_044_024
732075207720792081208320852087208920
0 50 100
Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_044_024
Charge Quantum FE_044_024
173174175176177178179180181
0 50 100Channel
Chr
g Q
.(fC
)
FE_044_024
28
Electronics Board FE_047_016 Pedestal
Quantum
Test Mode
Pedestal FE_047_016
1.121.171.221.271.321.371.421.471.52
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_047_016
Test Mode FE_047_016
7120
7620
8120
8620
9120
9620
0 50 100
Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_047_016
Charge Quantum FE_047_016
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
0 50 100Channel
Chr
g Q
.(fC
)
FE_047_016
29
Electronics Board FE_049_075 Pedestal
Quantum
Test Mode
Pedestal FE_049_075
1.09
1.14
1.19
1.24
1.29
1.34
1.39
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_049_075
Test Mode FE_049_075
6600
6800
7000
7200
7400
7600
0 50 100
Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_049_075
Charge Quantum FE_049_075
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
0 50 100Channel
Chr
g Q
.(fC
)
FE_049_075
30
Electronics Board FE_051_039 Pedestal
Quantum
Test Mode
Pedestal FE_051_039
1.1
1.15
1.2
1.25
1.3
1.35
1.4
1.45
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_051_039
Test Mode FE_051_039
6600
6800
7000
7200
7400
7600
7800
8000
0 50 100
Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_051_039
Charge Quantum FE_051_039
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
0 50 100Channel
Chr
g Q
.(fC
)
FE_051_039
31
Electronics Board FE_052_046 Pedestal
Quantum
Test Mode
Pedestal FE_052_046
0.90.95
11.05
1.11.15
1.21.25
1.31.35
1.4
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_052_046
Test Mode FE_052_046
615063506550675069507150735075507750
0 50 100
Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_052_046
Charge Quantum FE_052_046
170170,5
171171,5
172172,5
173173,5
174174,5
175
0 50 100Channel
Chr
g Q
.(fC
)
FE_052_046
32
Electronics Board FE_055_061 Pedestal
Quantum
Test Mode
Pedestal FE_055_061
1.09
1.14
1.19
1.24
1.29
1.34
1.39
1.44
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_055_061
Test Mode FE_055_061
6895
7095
7295
7495
7695
7895
8095
0 50 100
Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_055_061
Charge Quantum FE_055_061
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
0 50 100Channel
Chr
g Q
.(fC
)
FE_055_061
33
Electronics Board FE_057_029 Pedestal
Quantum
Test Mode
Pedestal FE_057_029
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_057_029
Test Mode FE_057_029
6651
6851
7051
7251
7451
7651
7851
8051
0 50 100
Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_057_029
Charge Quantum FE_057_029
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
0 50 100Channel
Chr
g Q
.(fC
)
FE_057_029
34
Electronics Board FE_058_014 Pedestal
Quantum
Test Mode
Test Mode FE_058_014
6350
6850
7350
7850
8350
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_058_014
Pedestal FE_058_014
0.80.85
0.90.95
11.05
1.11.15
1.21.25
0 50 100
Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_058_014
Charge Quantum FE_058_014
168,5169
169,5170
170,5171
171,5172
172,5173
0 50 100Channel
Chr
g Q
.(fC
)
FE_058_014
35
Electronics Board FE_060_040 Pedestal
Quantum
Test Mode
Pedestal FE_060_040
0.971.021.071.121.171.221.271.321.37
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_060_040
Test Mode FE_060_040
6220
6420
6620
6820
7020
7220
7420
7620
0 50 100
Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_060_040
Charge Quantum FE_060_040
170170,5
171171,5
172172,5
173173,5
174174,5
175
0 50 100Channel
Chr
g Q
.(fC
)
FE_060_040
36
Electronics Board FE_062_004 Pedestal
Quantum
Test Mode
Pedestal FE_062_004
0.90.95
11.05
1.11.15
1.21.25
1.31.35
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_062_004
Test Mode FE_062_004
6680688070807280748076807880808082808480
0 50 100
Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_062_004
Charge Quantum FE_062_004
166167168169170171172173174
0 50 100Channel
Chr
g Q
.(fC
)
FE_062_004
37
Electronics Board FE_063_001 Pedestal
Quantum
Test Mode
Test Mode FE_063_001
6630
6830
7030
7230
7430
7630
7830
0 50 100
Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_063_001
Pedestal FE_063_001
0.850.9
0.951
1.051.1
1.151.2
1.25
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_063_001
Charge Quantum FE_063_001
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
0 50 100Channel
Chr
g Q
.(fC
)
FE_063_001
38
Electronics Board FE_066_054 Pedestal Channel 64
Quantum
Test Mode
Pedestal FE_066_054
1.1
1.3
1.5
1.7
1.9
2.1
2.3
0 50 100
Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_066_054
Test Mode FE_066_054
7200740076007800800082008400860088009000
0 50 100
Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_066_054
Charge Quantum FE_066_054
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
0 50 100Channel
Chr
g Q
.(fC
)
FE_066_054
39
Electronics Board FE_070_077 Pedestal
Quantum
Test Mode
Test Mode FE_070_077
6990
7190
7390
7590
7790
7990
8190
0 50 100
Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_070_077
Pedestal FE_070_077
0.90.95
11.05
1.11.15
1.21.25
1.3
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_070_077
Charge Quantum FE_070_077
170170,5
171171,5
172172,5
173173,5
174174,5
175
0 50 100Channel
Chr
g Q
.(fC
)
FE_070_077
40
Electronics Board FE_072_008 Pedestal
Quantum
Test Mode
Pedestal FE_072_008
1
1.051.1
1.151.2
1.251.3
1.351.4
0 50 100
Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_072_008
Test Mode FE_072_008
7400
7900
8400
8900
9400
9900
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_072_008
Charge Quantum FE_072_008
168169170171172
173174175176
0 50 100Channel
Chr
g Q
.(fC
)
FE_072_008
41
Electronics Board FE_078_074 Pedestal
Quantum
Test Mode
Pedestal FE_078_074
0.92
0.97
1.02
1.07
1.12
1.17
1.22
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_078_074
Test Mode FE_078_074
6382
6582
6782
6982
7182
7382
7582
0 50 100
Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_078_074
Charge Quantum FE_078_074
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
0 50 100Channel
Chr
g Q
.(fC
)
FE_078_074
42
Electronics Board FE_079_104 Pedestal
Quantum
Test Mode
Pedestal FE_079_104
0.80.85
0.90.95
11.05
1.11.15
1.21.25
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_079_104
Test Mode FE_079_104
6495
6695
6895
7095
7295
7495
7695
0 50 100
Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_079_104
Charge Quantum FE_079_104
168
169
170
171172
173
174
175
176
0 50 100Channel
Chr
g Q
.(fC
)
FE_079_104
43
Electronics Board FE_080_069 Pedestal
Quantum
Test Mode
Pedestal FE_080_069
1.041.091.141.191.241.291.341.391.44
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_080_069
Test Mode FE_080_069
755077507950815083508550875089509150
0 50 100
Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_080_069
Charge Quantum FE_080_069
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
0 50 100Channel
Chr
g Q
.(fC
)
FE_080_069
44
Electronics Board FE_083_007 Pedestal
Quantum
Test Mode
Pedestal FE_083_007
1.11.15
1.21.25
1.31.35
1.4
1.451.5
0 50 100
Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_083_007
Test Mode FE_083_007
7150
7650
8150
8650
9150
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_083_007
Charge Quantum FE_083_007
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
0 50 100Channel
Chr
g Q
.(fC
)
FE_083_007
45
Electronics Board FE_084_015 Pedestal
Quantum
Test Mode
Pedestal FE_084_015
1.09
1.14
1.19
1.24
1.29
1.34
1.39
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_084_015
Test Mode FE_084_015
6640
7140
7640
8140
8640
0 50 100
Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_084_015
Charge Quantum FE_084_015
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
0 50 100Channel
Chr
g Q
.(fC
)
FE_084_015
46
Electronics Board FE_089_026 Pedestal
Quantum
Test Mode
Pedestal FE_089_026
0.90.95
11.05
1.11.15
1.21.25
1.3
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_089_026
Test Mode FE_089_026
6210
6410
6610
6810
7010
7210
7410
0 50 100
Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_089_026
Charge Quantum FE_089_026
172172,5
173173,5
174174,5
175175,5
176176,5
177
0 50 100Channel
Chr
g Q
.(fC
)
FE_089_026
47
Electronics Board FE_090_076 Pedestal
Quantum
Test Mode
Test Mode FE_090_076
5933
6133
6333
6533
6733
6933
7133
7333
0 50 100
Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_090_076
Pedestal FE_090_076
0.92
0.97
1.02
1.07
1.12
1.17
1.22
1.27
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_090_076
Charge Quantum FE_090_076
171171,5
172172,5
173173,5
174174,5
175175,5
176
0 50 100Channel
Chr
g Q
.(fC
)
FE_090_076
48
Electronics Board FE_091_018 Pedestal
Quantum
Test Mode
Pedestal FE_091_018
1,1
1,2
1,3
1,4
1,5
1,6
1,7
1,8
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_091_018
Charge Quantum FE_091_018
169,5170
170,5171
171,5172
172,5173
173,5174
174,5175
0 50 100
Channel
Chr
g Q
.(fC
)
FE_091_018
Test Mode FE_091_018
71507350755077507950815083508550875089509150
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_091_018
49
Electronics Board FE_093_087 Pedestal
Quantum
Test Mode
Pedestal FE_093_087
0.85
0.9
0.95
1
1.05
1.1
1.15
1.2
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_093_087
Test Mode FE_093_087
6703
7203
7703
8203
8703
0 50 100
Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_093_087
Charge Quantum FE_093_087
173
173,5
174
174,5
175
175,5
176
176,5
177
0 50 100Channel
Chr
g Q
.(fC
)
FE_093_087
50
Electronics Board FE_094_081 Pedestal
Quantum
Test Mode
Pedestal FE_094_081
0.80.85
0.90.95
11.05
1.11.15
1.2
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_094_081
Test Mode FE_094_081
6050
6550
7050
7550
8050
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_094_081
Charge Quantum FE_094_081
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
0 50 100Channel
Chr
g Q
.(fC
)
FE_094_081
51
Electronics Board FE_095_073 Pedestal
Quantum
Test Mode
Pedestal FE_095_073
0.80.85
0.90.95
11.05
1.11.15
1.2
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_095_073
Test Mode FE_095_073
6410
6610
6810
7010
7210
7410
7610
0 50 100
Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_095_073
Charge Quantum FE_095_073
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
0 50 100Channel
Chr
g Q
.(fC
)
FE_095_073
52
Electronics Board FE_098_064 Pedestal
Quantum
Test Mode
Pedestal FE_098_064
0.85
0.9
0.95
1
1.05
1.1
1.15
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_098_064
Test Mode FE_098_064
6200
6700
7200
7700
8200
0 50 100
Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_098_064
Charge Quantum FE_098_064
172172,5
173173,5
174174,5
175175,5
176176,5
177
0 50 100Channel
Chr
g Q
.(fC
)
FE_098_064
53
Electronics Board FE_099_088 Pedestal
Quantum
Test Mode
Pedestal FE_099_088
1.06
1.11
1.16
1.21
1.26
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_099_088
Test Mode FE_099_088
7192
7692
8192
8692
9192
9692
0 50 100
Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_099_088
Charge Quantum FE_099_088
170
172
174
176
178
180
0 50 100Channel
Chr
g Q
.(fC
)
FE_099_088
54
Electronics Board FE_100_034 Pedestal
Quantum
Test Mode
Pedestal FE_100_034
0.750.8
0.850.9
0.951
1.051.1
1.151.2
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_100_034
Test Mode FE_100_034
5750
6250
6750
7250
7750
8250
0 50 100
Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_100_034
Charge Quantum FE_100_034
173
174
175
176177
178
179
180
181
0 50 100Channel
Chr
g Q
.(fC
)
FE_100_034
55
Electronics Board FE_101_019 Pedestal
Quantum
Test Mode
Pedestal FE_101_019
0.90.95
11.05
1.11.15
1.21.25
1.31.35
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_101_019
Test Mode FE_101_019
6600
6800
7000
7200
7400
7600
7800
8000
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_101_019
Charge Quantum FE_101_019
168
169
170
171172
173
174
175
176
0 50 100Channel
Chr
g Q
.(fC
)
FE_101_019
56
Electronics Board FE_102_092 Pedestal
Quantum
Test Mode
Pedestal FE_102_092
11.05
1.11.15
1.21.25
1.31.35
1.41.45
0 50 100
Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_102_092
Test Mode FE_102_092
6300
6500
6700
6900
7100
7300
7500
7700
0 50 100
Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_102_092
Charge Quantum FE_102_092
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
0 50 100Channel
Chr
g Q
.(fC
)
FE_102_092
57
Electronics Board FE_103_027 Pedestal
Quantum
Test Mode
Pedestal FE_103_027
11.05
1.11.15
1.21.25
1.31.35
1.41.45
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_103_027
Test Mode FE_103_027
6690
6890
7090
7290
7490
7690
7890
8090
0 50 100
Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_103_027
Charge Quantum FE_103_027
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
0 50 100Channel
Chr
g Q
.(fC
)
FE_103_027
58
Electronics Board FE_106_105 Pedestal
Quantum
Test Mode
Pedestal FE_106_105
1.1
1.15
1.2
1.25
1.3
1.35
1.4
1.45
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_106_105
Test Mode FE_106_105
6830
7030
7230
7430
7630
7830
8030
8230
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_106_105
Charge Quantum FE_106_105
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
0 50 100Channel
Chr
g Q
.(fC
)
FE_106_105
59
Electronics Board FE_108_017 Pedestal
Quantum
Test Mode
Pedestal FE_108_017
0.951
1.051.1
1.151.2
1.251.3
1.35
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_108_017
Test Mode FE_108_017
6700
6900
7100
7300
7500
7700
7900
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_108_017
Charge Quantum FE_108_017
168169170171172
173174175176
0 50 100Channel
Chr
g Q
.(fC
)
FE_108_017
60
Electronics Board FE_109_043 Pedestal
Quantum
Test Mode
Pedestal FE_109_043
1.11.15
1.21.25
1.31.35
1.41.45
1.51.55
0 50 100
Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_109_043
Test Mode FE_109_043
67206920712073207520772079208120
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_109_043
Charge Quantum FE_109_043
171172173174175176177178179180181
0 50 100Channel
Chr
g Q
.(fC
)
FE_109_043
61
Electronics Board FE_110_082 Pedestal
Quantum
Test Mode
Pedestal FE_110_082
0.56
0.66
0.76
0.86
0.96
1.06
1.16
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_110_082
Test Mode FE_110_082
7110731075107710791081108310851087108910
0 50 100
Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_110_082
Charge Quantum FE_110_082
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
0 50 100Channel
Chr
g Q
.(fC
)
FE_110_082
62
Electronics Board FE_111_086 Pedestal
Quantum
Test Mode
Pedestal FE_111_086
1.11
1.16
1.21
1.26
1.31
1.36
1.41
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_111_086
Test Mode FE_111_086
7130
7630
8130
8630
9130
0 50 100
Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_111_086
Charge Quantum FE_111_086
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
0 50 100Channel
Chr
g Q
.(fC
)
FE_111_086
63
Electronics Board FE_112_067 Pedestal
Quantum
Test Mode
Pedestal FE_112_067
1.2
1.25
1.3
1.35
1.4
1.45
1.5
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_112_067
Test Mode FE_112_067
677069707170737075707770797081708370
0 50 100
Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_112_067
Charge Quantum FE_112_067
170170,5
171171,5
172172,5
173173,5
174174,5
175
0 50 100Channel
Chr
g Q
.(fC
)
FE_112_067
64
Electronics Board FE_114_023 Pedestal
Quantum
Test Mode
Pedestal FE_114_023
0,971,021,071,121,171,221,271,321,371,42
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
Charge Quantum FE_114_023
171172173174175176177178179
0 50 100Channel
Chr
g Q
.(fC
)
Test Mode FE_114_023
7400760078008000820084008600880090009200
0 50 100
Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
65
Electronics Board FE_115_033 Pedestal
Quantum
Test Mode
Pedestal FE_115_033
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_115_033
Test Mode FE_115_033
7450
7950
8450
8950
9450
0 50 100
Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_115_033
Charge Quantum FE_115_033
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
0 50 100Channel
Chr
g Q
.(fC
)
FE_115_033
66
Electronics Board FE_116_113 Pedestal
Quantum
Test Mode
Pedestal FE_116_113
0.95
1.05
1.15
1.25
1.35
1.45
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_116_113
Test Mode FE_116_113
9100
9600
10100
10600
11100
0 50 100
Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_116_113
Charge Quantum FE_116_113
170171172173174175176177178179180
0 50 100Channel
Chr
g Q
.(fC
)
FE_116_113
67
Electronics Board FE_117_006 Pedestal
Quantum
Test Mode
Test Mode FE_117_006
6431
6931
7431
7931
8431
8931
9431
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_117_006
Pedestal FE_117_006
0.85
0.9
0.95
1
1.05
1.1
1.15
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_117_006
Charge Quantum FE_117_006
171172173174175176177178179180
0 50 100Channel
Chr
g Q
.(fC
)
FE_117_006
68
Electronics Board FE_119_096 Pedestal
Quantum
Test Mode
Pedestal FE_119_096
1.11.15
1.21.25
1.31.35
1.41.45
1.51.55
1.6
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_119_096
Test Mode FE_119_096
6450
6650
6850
7050
7250
7450
7650
7850
0 50 100
Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_119_096
Charge Quantum FE_119_096
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
0 50 100Channel
Chr
g Q
,(fC
)
FE_119_096
69
Electronics Board FE_120_107 Pedestal
Quantum
Test Mode
Pedestal FE_120_107
11.05
1.11.15
1.21.25
1.31.35
1.4
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_120_107
Test Mode FE_120_107
6590
6790
6990
7190
7390
7590
7790
7990
0 50 100
Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_120_107
Charge Quantum FE_120_107
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
0 50 100Channel
Chr
g Q
.(fC
)
FE_120_107
70
Electronics Board FE_048_031 with problems at the channel 17 Pedestal Channel 17 doesn’t count
Quantum
Test Mode Also from the test mode there is evidence that the channel 17 doesn’t count
This board will be used with a channel broken, for a strip chamber.
Pedestal FE_048_031
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_048_031
Test Mode FE_048_031
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
0 50 100Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
FE_048_031
Charge Quantum FE_048_031
170170,5
171171,5
172172,5
173173,5
174174,5
175
0 50 100Channel
Chr
g Q
.(fC
)
FE_048_031
72
PART 2 – IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS OF FE_062_004 AND FE_093_087 TERA 06 BOARDS 3 – Characterization of the FE_062_004 and FE_093_087
cards
The measurements done were:
- LINEARITY TEST, in order to verify the existence of a linear dependence between the
frequency of acquired counts and the current injected into every channel (done injecting
current into one channel, changing the current from 1 nA to 1.5 uA )
- PEDESTALS, to verify the dependence from temperature (done by acquiring the pedestrals
with the board into a oven, changing the inner temperature from 30 to 15 degrees)
- CHARGE QUANTUM, to verify the dependence from temperature (done by acquiring the
charge quantum with the board into a oven and changing the inner temperature from 30 to
15 °C)
- STABILITY IN TIME, acquiring the usual measurements on the same board at different
time
73
3.1 – THE EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP This series of measurements were done in a clean laboratory, with the ambience mainteined at the
same temperature by air conditionned.
In this working area it had to be mounted the same setup as the routine measurements, but
connecting it with a scientific oven.
The oven was colded or warmed by a chiller system and a peltier system, and the entire apparat was
commanded by a LabView
software.
It was connected by cables to a
tension generator, because the
warm was generated by given
tension to the peltiers, and to the
computer.
Figure 12 - The oven used
There were two computers on: one to
manage the oven, and the other to take
the measurements of pedestrals, charge
quantum and thest mode.
Figure 13 – The set-up mounted
74
3.2 – DATA ANALYSIS
3.2..1 - LINEARITY
In order to do this test it has been used the same experimental set-up described for the
measurements done before.
To verify the linearity the FE_062_004 has been used injecting current into the channel 14.
The goal of the measure was to verify the following relation:
I = f * q
where I stands for current, f stands for frequency, q stands for charge.
The values obtained are shown into Table 3 and graphicated in Figure 14. It results that from the
current of 800 nA there is a saturation, and the linearity is confirmed:
Figure 14 – Current and Counts
Table 3 – Current and Counts
I (nA) f (Hz) 1 6052,07 5 29707,2
10 59302,8 50 295538,6
100 590720,3 150 885381,4 200 1179257 250 1474598 300 1769005 350 2062060 400 2354501 450 2646200 500 2938269 600 3501663 650 3790941 700 4079621 750 4368024 800 4657167 850 4945376 900 4997121 950 4997117
1000 4997119 1050 4997247 1500 4997118
0,00E+00
1,00E+06
2,00E+06
3,00E+06
4,00E+06
5,00E+06
6,00E+06
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
Input Current (nA)
Out
put f
requ
ency
(Hz)
75
Concentrating on the zone in wich the chips are going to operate at C.N.A.O., it’s veryfied that the
relative deviation is under 1,2% of error by fitting the datas from100nA to 850nA and using the
formula:
│Exp – Th │*100/Th
where Exp are the experimental values obtained, Th are the theorical values obtained from the fit,
as it is shown in Figure 15 and Figure 16:
Figure 15 – Current and Counts from 100nA to 850nA
Figure 16 – Current and Relative Deviation from 100nA to 850nA
0E+00
1E+06
2E+06
3E+06
4E+06
5E+06
6E+06
0E+00 1E+02 2E+02 3E+02 4E+02 5E+02 6E+02 7E+02 8E+02 9E+02
I (nA)
f (H
z)
0,00E+00
2,00E-01
4,00E-01
6,00E-01
8,00E-01
1,00E+00
1,20E+00
1,40E+00
0E+00 1E+02 2E+02 3E+02 4E+02 5E+02 6E+02 7E+02 8E+02 9E+02
I (nA)
Rel
ativ
e D
evia
tion(
%)
76
3.2..2– PEDESTALS TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE
It has used the FE_093_087 board for the test.
The following values were obtained:
15 °C 16 °C 17 °C 18 °C 19 °C 20 °C 21 °C 22 °C 23 °C 24 °C 25 °C 26 °C 27 °C 28 °C 29 °C 30 °C0 0,7 0,7 0,75 0,8 0,85 0,95 1 1,1 1,25 1,35 1,5 1,7 1,75 1,95 2,15 2,31 0,65 0,65 0,7 0,75 0,75 0,85 0,95 1,05 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,65 1,75 1,852 0,65 0,65 0,7 0,8 0,75 0,85 0,95 1 1,15 1,2 1,35 1,4 1,5 1,65 1,75 1,93 0,65 0,7 0,75 0,8 0,8 0,85 0,95 1,05 1,15 1,25 1,35 1,45 1,55 1,65 1,8 1,854 0,65 0,7 0,75 0,75 0,8 0,9 0,95 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,35 1,5 1,55 1,75 1,8 1,955 0,7 0,75 0,8 0,8 0,85 0,9 0,95 1,05 1,15 1,25 1,35 1,5 1,6 1,75 1,8 1,956 0,7 0,7 0,75 0,8 0,85 0,9 1 1,1 1,2 1,25 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,7 1,85 1,957 0,7 0,75 0,8 0,85 0,9 0,95 1,05 1,1 1,2 1,35 1,45 1,55 1,65 1,8 1,9 28 0,7 0,75 0,8 0,85 0,85 0,95 1,05 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,45 1,5 1,6 1,75 1,85 1,959 0,7 0,75 0,85 0,85 0,9 1 1,05 1,15 1,2 1,35 1,45 1,55 1,65 1,75 1,9 2,05
10 0,65 0,7 0,75 0,8 0,85 0,9 1 1,05 1,15 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,75 1,85 1,9511 0,7 0,7 0,75 0,85 0,85 0,9 0,95 1,05 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,75 1,85 1,9512 0,65 0,7 0,75 0,8 0,85 0,9 0,95 1,05 1,15 1,25 1,4 1,45 1,55 1,7 1,8 1,913 0,7 0,75 0,8 0,8 0,85 0,9 1 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,35 1,5 1,6 1,7 1,85 1,9514 0,7 0,75 0,8 0,8 0,9 0,95 1 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,45 1,5 1,6 1,75 1,9 1,9515 0,75 0,7 0,75 0,85 0,85 0,95 1,05 1,1 1,2 1,35 1,4 1,55 1,65 1,75 1,9 216 0,7 0,75 0,8 0,8 0,85 0,9 1 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,7 1,85 1,9517 0,7 0,75 0,75 0,85 0,9 0,9 1 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,55 1,75 1,85 1,9518 0,7 0,75 0,8 0,85 0,85 0,95 1,05 1,1 1,2 1,35 1,45 1,5 1,65 1,75 1,9 219 0,7 0,75 0,85 0,85 0,9 1 1 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,45 1,55 1,65 1,8 1,9 220 0,7 0,75 0,8 0,8 0,85 0,95 1 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,55 1,6 1,75 1,85 1,9521 0,75 0,7 0,75 0,8 0,85 0,95 1 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,7 1,85 222 0,7 0,75 0,8 0,8 0,9 0,95 1 1,1 1,2 1,35 1,45 1,55 1,65 1,8 1,9 223 0,7 0,75 0,8 0,85 0,9 0,95 1,05 1,15 1,25 1,35 1,5 1,55 1,7 1,8 1,95 2,0524 0,7 0,7 0,8 0,8 0,85 0,95 1 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,45 1,5 1,65 1,8 1,9 225 0,7 0,7 0,8 0,85 0,85 0,9 1 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,55 1,6 1,75 1,85 226 0,7 0,75 0,8 0,8 0,85 0,9 1 1,1 1,15 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,75 1,85 227 0,7 0,75 0,75 0,8 0,85 0,95 1 1,1 1,15 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,75 1,9 228 0,7 0,75 0,75 0,8 0,85 0,95 0,95 1,1 1,15 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,8 1,9 229 0,65 0,75 0,75 0,8 0,85 0,95 1 1,1 1,2 1,35 1,45 1,55 1,65 1,8 1,95 2,0530 0,7 0,7 0,75 0,8 0,8 0,9 1 1,05 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,75 1,9 1,9531 0,75 0,75 0,8 0,9 0,95 0,95 1,05 1,2 1,3 1,45 1,6 1,75 1,85 2,05 2,2 2,3532 0,7 0,7 0,75 0,85 0,9 0,95 1,05 1,2 1,3 1,45 1,6 1,75 1,9 2,15 2,35 2,533 0,65 0,65 0,7 0,75 0,8 0,85 0,9 1 1,1 1,2 1,35 1,4 1,5 1,65 1,75 1,8534 0,65 0,65 0,7 0,75 0,75 0,85 0,9 1 1,1 1,15 1,25 1,4 1,45 1,6 1,7 1,8535 0,65 0,65 0,75 0,75 0,8 0,85 0,9 1 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,45 1,6 1,75 1,836 0,7 0,7 0,75 0,75 0,8 0,85 0,95 1,05 1,15 1,25 1,35 1,45 1,55 1,65 1,75 1,937 0,65 0,7 0,75 0,8 0,85 0,9 0,95 1,05 1,15 1,25 1,35 1,5 1,55 1,7 1,8 1,938 0,7 0,7 0,75 0,85 0,85 0,9 1,05 1,05 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,7 1,85 1,9539 0,75 0,75 0,8 0,85 0,85 0,95 1,05 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,75 1,85 1,9540 0,7 0,7 0,75 0,8 0,8 0,9 0,95 1,1 1,15 1,25 1,35 1,45 1,55 1,65 1,8 1,941 0,7 0,75 0,75 0,85 0,85 0,95 0,95 1,1 1,2 1,25 1,35 1,45 1,55 1,7 1,85 1,942 0,7 0,8 0,8 0,85 0,9 0,95 1 1,1 1,25 1,35 1,45 1,55 1,65 1,8 1,9 243 0,75 0,75 0,8 0,85 0,9 0,95 1,05 1,15 1,2 1,35 1,45 1,55 1,6 1,8 1,9 244 0,75 0,75 0,8 0,85 0,85 0,9 1 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,45 1,5 1,6 1,75 1,85 245 0,75 0,75 0,8 0,85 0,85 0,9 1 1,15 1,2 1,3 1,45 1,55 1,65 1,75 1,9 2,0546 0,7 0,75 0,75 0,8 0,85 0,9 0,95 1,05 1,2 1,3 1,35 1,45 1,55 1,7 1,85 1,947 0,7 0,75 0,8 0,85 0,9 0,95 1,05 1,1 1,25 1,35 1,4 1,55 1,6 1,8 1,9 248 0,7 0,7 0,75 0,85 0,9 0,9 1 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,75 1,85 249 0,7 0,75 0,8 0,85 0,85 0,9 1 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,75 1,85 1,9550 0,75 0,75 0,75 0,8 0,9 0,9 1 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,75 1,85 1,9551 0,7 0,75 0,8 0,85 0,85 0,95 1 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,55 1,6 1,75 1,85 1,9552 0,7 0,75 0,75 0,85 0,85 0,95 1 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,55 1,6 1,75 1,85 253 0,7 0,75 0,8 0,85 0,9 0,95 1 1,1 1,2 1,25 1,4 1,5 1,55 1,7 1,85 1,9554 0,75 0,75 0,8 0,85 0,9 0,95 1,05 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,55 1,6 1,75 1,85 1,9555 0,75 0,8 0,85 0,85 0,9 0,95 1,05 1,1 1,25 1,35 1,45 1,55 1,65 1,8 1,9 2,0556 0,7 0,75 0,75 0,8 0,85 0,9 1 1,05 1,15 1,3 1,35 1,45 1,55 1,7 1,8 1,9557 0,7 0,7 0,75 0,8 0,85 0,95 1 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,45 1,5 1,6 1,75 1,85 1,9558 0,75 0,75 0,8 0,8 0,9 0,95 1,05 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,45 1,5 1,6 1,75 1,9 259 0,75 0,75 0,85 0,85 0,9 1 1,05 1,15 1,25 1,35 1,45 1,55 1,65 1,8 1,95 2,0560 0,7 0,75 0,8 0,85 0,85 0,9 1 1,15 1,2 1,35 1,45 1,55 1,65 1,8 1,9 2,0561 0,75 0,7 0,8 0,85 0,85 0,9 1 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,75 1,85 262 0,7 0,7 0,75 0,8 0,85 0,9 1 1,05 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,45 1,6 1,75 1,8 1,9563 0,75 0,8 0,8 0,85 0,95 0,95 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,45 1,6 1,65 1,8 2 2,15 2,364 0,5 0,55 0,6 0,6 0,65 0,75 0,85 0,95 1,05 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,55 1,7 1,9 265 0,45 0,5 0,55 0,6 0,6 0,7 0,75 0,85 0,95 1,05 1,15 1,25 1,35 1,5 1,6 1,7566 0,5 0,55 0,6 0,65 0,65 0,75 0,8 0,9 1 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,45 1,6 1,7 1,867 0,55 0,5 0,6 0,6 0,7 0,75 0,85 0,9 1 1,1 1,2 1,35 1,4 1,6 1,7 1,868 0,5 0,5 0,6 0,6 0,65 0,7 0,8 0,9 0,95 1,1 1,2 1,25 1,4 1,5 1,7 1,869 0,5 0,6 0,6 0,65 0,7 0,75 0,85 0,95 1,05 1,15 1,25 1,4 1,45 1,6 1,75 1,970 0,55 0,55 0,6 0,65 0,7 0,8 0,85 0,95 1,05 1,15 1,25 1,4 1,45 1,6 1,75 1,8571 0,55 0,55 0,6 0,7 0,7 0,75 0,85 0,9 1,05 1,15 1,25 1,35 1,45 1,6 1,7 1,8
Channel TEMPERATURE
77
71 0,55 0,55 0,6 0,7 0,7 0,75 0,85 0,9 1,05 1,15 1,25 1,35 1,45 1,6 1,7 1,872 0,55 0,55 0,6 0,65 0,7 0,75 0,85 0,9 1 1,15 1,25 1,35 1,4 1,6 1,7 1,8573 0,55 0,6 0,65 0,7 0,7 0,75 0,85 0,95 1,05 1,15 1,25 1,4 1,45 1,65 1,75 1,974 0,55 0,55 0,6 0,65 0,7 0,75 0,85 0,9 1,05 1,15 1,3 1,35 1,45 1,65 1,75 1,8575 0,55 0,6 0,65 0,65 0,7 0,75 0,85 0,95 1,05 1,15 1,25 1,35 1,45 1,6 1,75 1,8576 0,55 0,6 0,6 0,65 0,65 0,75 0,85 0,95 1,05 1,15 1,25 1,35 1,45 1,6 1,75 1,8577 0,55 0,55 0,6 0,65 0,65 0,75 0,85 0,9 1 1,1 1,25 1,35 1,4 1,55 1,7 1,878 0,6 0,6 0,65 0,7 0,75 0,8 0,9 1 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,45 1,5 1,7 1,8 1,9579 0,6 0,6 0,65 0,7 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1,05 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,65 1,8 1,980 0,55 0,6 0,6 0,65 0,7 0,75 0,85 0,95 1,05 1,15 1,25 1,35 1,45 1,6 1,75 1,8581 0,55 0,6 0,65 0,7 0,7 0,8 0,85 0,95 1,05 1,15 1,3 1,4 1,45 1,6 1,75 1,8582 0,55 0,55 0,6 0,65 0,7 0,75 0,85 0,95 1,05 1,15 1,25 1,35 1,45 1,6 1,75 1,8583 0,5 0,55 0,6 0,65 0,7 0,8 0,85 0,9 1,05 1,15 1,25 1,35 1,4 1,6 1,75 1,8584 0,55 0,6 0,6 0,65 0,7 0,75 0,85 0,95 1 1,15 1,25 1,35 1,45 1,6 1,7 1,8585 0,55 0,55 0,6 0,65 0,7 0,75 0,85 0,95 1,05 1,15 1,25 1,35 1,45 1,6 1,75 1,8586 0,55 0,55 0,6 0,65 0,7 0,8 0,85 0,95 1,05 1,15 1,25 1,35 1,45 1,65 1,75 1,8587 0,55 0,55 0,6 0,65 0,7 0,75 0,85 0,95 1,05 1,15 1,2 1,35 1,45 1,6 1,7 1,8588 0,55 0,55 0,6 0,65 0,7 0,75 0,85 0,95 1 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,55 1,7 1,8589 0,55 0,55 0,6 0,65 0,65 0,7 0,8 0,95 1 1,15 1,25 1,35 1,45 1,6 1,7 1,8590 0,5 0,55 0,6 0,6 0,7 0,75 0,85 0,95 1,05 1,15 1,25 1,35 1,4 1,6 1,75 1,8591 0,55 0,55 0,55 0,65 0,65 0,75 0,85 0,9 1 1,1 1,2 1,35 1,4 1,55 1,7 1,892 0,5 0,55 0,6 0,65 0,65 0,75 0,8 0,9 1 1,1 1,25 1,3 1,4 1,55 1,7 1,8593 0,5 0,55 0,55 0,6 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,85 1 1,05 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,65 1,894 0,55 0,55 0,6 0,65 0,7 0,75 0,8 0,9 1 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,6 1,7 1,8595 0,55 0,55 0,6 0,65 0,7 0,75 0,85 0,95 1,05 1,15 1,25 1,35 1,5 1,65 1,8 1,9596 0,45 0,5 0,55 0,6 0,65 0,75 0,85 0,9 1,05 1,2 1,3 1,45 1,6 1,8 2 2,1597 0,45 0,45 0,55 0,55 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1,15 1,25 1,4 1,5 1,7 1,85 298 0,45 0,45 0,5 0,6 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1,1 1,2 1,35 1,45 1,65 1,8 1,9599 0,45 0,5 0,5 0,55 0,65 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1,1 1,25 1,4 1,5 1,65 1,85 2
100 0,45 0,5 0,55 0,6 0,6 0,75 0,8 0,9 1,05 1,15 1,25 1,4 1,5 1,7 1,8 1,95101 0,5 0,5 0,55 0,6 0,65 0,75 0,8 0,95 1,05 1,15 1,3 1,45 1,5 1,7 1,85 2102 0,5 0,5 0,55 0,6 0,7 0,75 0,85 0,95 1,05 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,55 1,75 1,9 2,05103 0,5 0,5 0,55 0,65 0,65 0,75 0,85 0,95 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,45 1,55 1,75 1,9 2,1104 0,5 0,55 0,55 0,6 0,65 0,75 0,85 0,9 1,05 1,15 1,25 1,4 1,5 1,7 1,85 1,95105 0,45 0,5 0,6 0,6 0,65 0,75 0,85 0,95 1 1,15 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,7 1,85 2106 0,5 0,5 0,55 0,65 0,65 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,05 1,15 1,3 1,45 1,5 1,7 1,85 2107 0,5 0,55 0,6 0,65 0,65 0,8 0,85 0,95 1,05 1,2 1,3 1,45 1,55 1,75 1,9 2,1108 0,5 0,5 0,6 0,65 0,65 0,75 0,85 0,95 1,05 1,15 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,75 1,9 2109 0,5 0,55 0,55 0,6 0,65 0,75 0,85 0,9 1,05 1,15 1,3 1,45 1,5 1,7 1,85 2110 0,5 0,55 0,6 0,65 0,65 0,75 0,85 0,95 1,05 1,15 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,7 1,85 2,05111 0,55 0,55 0,6 0,65 0,7 0,8 0,9 0,95 1,1 1,25 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,8 1,95 2,05112 0,5 0,5 0,55 0,6 0,65 0,75 0,85 0,9 1,05 1,15 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,7 1,85 2113 0,5 0,5 0,55 0,65 0,65 0,75 0,85 0,95 1,05 1,2 1,3 1,45 1,5 1,7 1,9 2114 0,5 0,5 0,6 0,6 0,7 0,7 0,85 0,95 1,05 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,7 1,9 2115 0,5 0,55 0,6 0,6 0,65 0,75 0,85 0,95 1,05 1,15 1,3 1,4 1,55 1,7 1,9 2116 0,5 0,55 0,6 0,65 0,65 0,75 0,85 0,95 1,05 1,15 1,3 1,45 1,55 1,75 1,9 2117 0,5 0,5 0,55 0,6 0,65 0,75 0,9 0,95 1,05 1,2 1,35 1,5 1,55 1,75 1,9 2,05118 0,5 0,5 0,55 0,6 0,65 0,7 0,85 0,95 1,05 1,15 1,25 1,4 1,5 1,7 1,85 2119 0,5 0,55 0,6 0,6 0,65 0,75 0,85 0,95 1,1 1,15 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,75 1,85 2120 0,5 0,55 0,6 0,65 0,7 0,75 0,85 0,95 1,05 1,15 1,3 1,45 1,55 1,75 1,9 2121 0,45 0,5 0,55 0,65 0,7 0,75 0,85 0,95 1,05 1,15 1,3 1,4 1,55 1,75 1,9 2122 0,55 0,55 0,6 0,65 0,7 0,75 0,85 0,95 1,05 1,2 1,3 1,45 1,6 1,75 1,9 2,05123 0,5 0,55 0,6 0,65 0,7 0,75 0,85 0,95 1,1 1,2 1,35 1,45 1,6 1,75 1,9 2,05124 0,45 0,5 0,55 0,65 0,65 0,7 0,85 0,95 1,05 1,15 1,3 1,45 1,55 1,75 1,85 2,05125 0,5 0,5 0,55 0,6 0,65 0,7 0,8 0,95 1,05 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,55 1,7 1,85 2126 0,45 0,5 0,55 0,6 0,65 0,7 0,8 0,95 1 1,15 1,3 1,35 1,5 1,65 1,85 1,95127 0,5 0,5 0,55 0,6 0,7 0,75 0,85 1 1,1 1,25 1,4 1,5 1,65 1,85 2 2,2
mean: 0,7265630,6796870,6324220,607813 1,708594 1,840234 1,9621090,763672 0,833984 0,919922 1,013281 1,116406 1,227344 1,341016 1,450391 1,546094
Table 4 – Pedestrals measurements at different degrees
Once with all datas it was possible to evaluate the mean value of pedestral at every degree in order
to see the behaviour of the boards at different temperature.
It can be seen from both graphics (single channel and mean value) that there is a depence with the
temperature, as it was expected to be.
78
From datas of Table 4 it is obtained the following graphics:
Figure 15 – Pedestrals measurements at different degrees
Table 4 – Mean values Figure 16 – Mean values graphicated
15 0,60781316 0,63242217 0,67968718 0,72656319 0,76367220 0,83398421 0,91992222 1,01328123 1,11640624 1,22734425 1,34101626 1,45039127 1,54609428 1,70859429 1,84023430 1,962109
Temp (°C) MeanCounts (Hz)
Pedestral's Mean Counts in Termic Stress
0,5
0,7
0,9
1,1
1,3
1,5
1,7
1,9
14 19 24 29Temperature (°C)
Cou
nts
(Hz)
MeanCounts (Hz)
Termic Stress Pedestal
0,4
0,9
1,4
1,9
2,4
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
15°C
16°C
17°C
18°C
19°C
20°C
21°C
22°C
23°C
24°C
25°C
26°C
27°C
28°C
29°C
30°C
79
From Figure 16 it is noticeables that there is a grow in the curve due to the increasing temperature.
From Table 4 it is calculables the variation of pedestals values per degree (1 °C): it is almost 0,09
Hz.
80
3.2..3– CHARGE QUANTUM TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE
It has used the FE_093_087 board for the test.
The following values were obtained:
From Figure 17 it could be noticed that there effectivly is a trend caused by
the change of temperature!
It is in small values, but it is consistent over the standard deviation of the
charge quantum (taken of 0.02 for every measurement):
Figure 17 – Temperature and Quantum
Table 6 – Minimum and maximum values with degree variation
Table 5 – Temperature and Quantum
The chip has a total variation of 1.5 % per degree, and it can be considered as constant in the range
of temperature in which the boards will be used (around 23 degrees).
Channel 76 Charge Quantum
Termic Stress T
(°C) c.q. (fC)
30 174,349 29,5 174,35 29 174,342
28,5 174,351 28 174,319
27,5 174,342 27 174,349
26,5 174,318 26 174,316
25,5 174,31 25 174,324
24,5 174,3 24 174,268
23,5 174,252 23 174,296
22,5 174,225 22 174,235
21,5 174,268 21 174,24
20,5 174,236 20 174,255
19,5 174,215 19 174,207
18,5 174,215 18 174,209
17,5 174,221 17 174,199
16,5 174,178 16 174,122
15,5 174,157 15 174,224
max 174,351min 174,122
var per degree 0,013
termic stress
y = 0,013x + 173,97R2 = 0,879
174,1
174,15
174,2
174,25
174,3
174,35
15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29
T (°C)
C.Q
. (fC
)
Serie1Lineare (Serie1)
81
3.2..4– STABILITY IN TIME
The test was done measuring pedestals and charge quantum on the same three boards after different
times of activity (just by letting the board fed with tension or by repeating the measurements
different times).
The test showed a perfect constancy of measurements in time, fact that suggests that problems of
stability aren’t sited in the boards.
Here follow the results.
The first board taken was the FE_010_009.
The first values of charge quantum (A) were taken on 12/07/07, the seconds (B) were taken on
17/07/07 at 14:50 in the afternoon, the thirds (C) on the 17/07/07 at 16:12 in the afternoon, the
fourths (D) on the 18/07/07 at 14:12 in the afternoon.
For those values there has been done ratio A/B and the corrispondent percentual standard deviation,
and the same has been done for A/C and for A/D.
Figure 18 shows the results:
Figure 18 – Deviation between the repeated measurements
% Deviation FE_010_009
0
0,05
0,1
0,15
0,2
0,25
0,3
0,35
0,4
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Channel
% D
evia
tion
FE_010_009 AB% deviation
FE_010_009 AC% deviation
FE_010_009 AD% deviation
82
The second board taken was the FE_062_004.
For this board there has been made only the comparison between a old measurement of charge
quantum and a new measurement of charge quantum.
In Figure 19 there are the ratio deviation values:
Figure 19 - % deviation
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0 50 100Channel
%D
evia
tion
% deviation
83
The third board taken was the FE_101_019.
Also for this board there has been made only the comparison between a old measurement of charge
quantum and a new measurement of charge quantum.
In Figure 20 there are the ratio deviation values:
Figure 20 - % deviation
The percentual deviation has always remained minimal for all the boards chosen: this allows it to
conclude that there is no evidence of charge quantum instability in time.
For this board it has also been calculated the single-chip charge quantum stability:
0
0,02
0,04
0,06
0,08
0,1
0,12
0 50 100Channel
% D
evia
tion
Chip 101
0
0,02
0,04
0,06
0,08
0,1
0 20 40 60 80
Input Current (nA)
Rel
ativ
e D
evia
tion
85
4 - APPENDIX – Single-chip analysis
In this section there are shown the comparisons made between the results of every chips with each
other, either for pedestals, for charge quantum or background current.
The first comparison made was the one with the pedestral measurements for every first 64 channels
of every boards: as the graphic shows quite perfectly, they all have the same behaviour on counting.
Figure 21 – 64 channel chips on board behaviour comparison (in colour the different 57 boards)
Ped Chips Vs Channel
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
86
Then a mean value count was done, obtaining the result of a complexively good behaviour for the
channels as a hole, as it it shown from the following elaborations:
Figure 21 – Pedestral Mean Value
Pedestal Mean Value
0,80,9
11,11,21,31,4
0 20 40 60Channel
Cou
nts
(Hz)
MeanValue
87
The same was done with the background current values found for every chip:
Figure 22 – Background current comparison (in colour all the different 57 boards)
Figure 23 – Background current mean value
I_back Mean Value
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Channel
Cur
rent
(fA
)
MeanValue
I_back Chips vs Channel
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
0 10 20 30 40 50 60Channel
Cur
rent
(fA
)
88
Then the same with the charge quantum: Figure 24 – Charge quantum comparison (in colour the different 57 boards)
Figure 25 – Charge quantum mean value
CQ Chips vs Channel
164
166
168
170
172
174
176
178
180
182
0 10 20 30 40 50 60Channel
CQ
(fC
)
MeanValue
171
171,5
172
172,5
173
173,5
174
174,5
175
0 10 20 30 40 50 60Channel
Cha
rge
Qua
ntum
(fC
MeanValue
89
Here follows the search for:
- the chip with the highest pedestals;
- the chip with the middle pedestals;
- the chip with the lowest pedestals;
- the chip with the highest charge quantum;
- the chip with the middle charge quantum;
- the chip with the lowest charge quantum;
- the chip with the highest background current;
- the chip with the middle background current;
- the chip with the lowest background current.
Pedestals spread for 200 fC Charge Quantum spread for 200 fC
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
1,2
1,4
1,6
1,8
2
0 20 40 60
Channel
f(Hz)
29865
164166168170172174176178180182
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Channel
CQ
(fC)
449015
90
Background Current spread for 200 fC
100
150
200
250
300
350
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Channel
I(fA)
29465
91
5 - Summary We analysed 60 TERA 06 front-end boards, all with couples of chips mounted in order of same
performance, so numbered in a non-order way.
Of the 60, 55 boards worked properly during our tests.
In the 5 remaining we discovered that:
- the FE_012_011 had a pin unsoldered (we saw it when the tests on Labview showed that the
channel 95 wasn’t counting the current);
- the FE_118_097 had the Vota trimmer broken (we couldn’t regulate the Vota trimmer to the
right value;
and we confirmed that:
- the FE_068_085 had both chips unworking because broken inside (the board didn’t passed
any test);
- the FE_022_065 had the 022 chip broken while the 065 chip working correctly (the 065
good to be used wasn’t expected from precedent measurements done on the chips);
- the FE_048_031 had the channel 17 of the chip 048 uncounting anything.
We could in this way have the FE_012_011 repaired, that worked out correctly, while for the
FE_118_097 the problem could not be solved in such a soon way.
The FE_068_085 could not be used in the detector, while FE_022_065 could be used for a strip-
chamber connecting only the working chip. Also the FE_048_031 can be used in a strip-chamber,
with 127 working channels.
The measurements done on rapresentative boards showed that:
- the linear behaviour with the increase of current is confirmed, with a saturation after at least
850 nA of current;
- there is a dependence with temperature: the increasing of themperature influences either the
pedestrals or the charge quantum, making them also increasing;
- there is not instability of measurements with time.
The comparisons made with all the boards showed that they have all the same behaviour.
In the end, the working chips on board for the TERA 06 electronic front-end tested are ready to be
mounted on the detector.
93
6 - Bibliography [1] A. La Rosa et all.. A pixel ionization chamber used as beam monitor at the Institut Curie –
Centre de Protontherapie de Orsay (CPO). Nuclear Instrument and Method in Physics Research A
565 (2006) 833-840.
[2] N. Givhechi et all., Online monitor detector for the protontherapy beam at the INFN Laboratori
Nazionali del Sud - Catania. Nuclear Instrument and Method in Physics Research A 572 (2007)
1094-1101) .
94
7 – Greetings We have had such great time during our thesis period that would like to thanks all the group we
were involved in, from our Prof. Cristiana Peroni, that introduced us into the biomedical ambience
to our supervisor Alessandro La Rosa, who patiently and enthusiastically explained all the project to
us and followed us with the habit of a friend, passing through the friendship of Marco Donetti, who
also explained us the facts of Tera Group and CNAO Foundation and some about LabView, of
Adelaide Garella, who explained us how to use the oven, of Simona and Marco Piovano, who
worked near us and had lunch together (and Raoul, the kind student from India that spoke English
his way).
A thanks goes also to the entire group of Medical Physics of the University of Torino, which
involved us into their weekly meeting, making us feel as a part of the team, as much as we could.
We really appreciated everything, made an useful work for the rest of the world, were involved into
an avant-guard researching work and made some friends...the best we could have for a thesis!
Fabio and Marcello,
August 2007