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ART AND CULTURE INTHE MIDDLE AGE
THE IBERIAN PENINSULAMuslim, Romanesque and Gothic Art.
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What kind of artwork?Why are there no people in it?
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THE MUSLIM ART: AL ANDALUS
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THE ART AND CULTURE IN AL ANDALUS
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THE ART AND CULTURE IN AL ANDALUS
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Great Mosque of Córdoba
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The mosque was built between the 9th and 10th
century, during the Caliphate
Horseshoearch
Marble columnsAnd capitals.
Arco doble“de entibo”
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Alcazaba de Badajoz(Military architecture, 12th cent.)
SquareTowers.
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Giralda XII century
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ALHAMBRA, GRANADA (XIV-XV century)
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La Alhambra(14th and 15th century)
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CHRISTIAN CULTURE AND ART
The Romanesque Age (11th-13 cent.)The Gothic Age (13th-15th century)
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Lenguas romances
In the 10thCentury, Romances Languages Substitute Latin. Latin was onlypreservedas an officialLanguage in the Church and universities.
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CULTURE INTERACTION
The Reconquest led to thepresence of Jews, Muslims andChristians in the same kingdoms.Cultural interaction between 11th and 13th century between the three cultures was common.
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The Romanesque style:
• Beginning in Cataluña (11th century)– Little rural churches and monasteries:Sta. María de Ripoll, san Pedro de Roda
• The way of Saint James (12th century)– Cathedrals and pilgrimage churches.Frómista, Jaca, Santiago, Isidoro de León, Silos
• The Late Romanesque of Duero (12-13th)– The Romanesque art in the south:Salamanca, Zamora, Toro…
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A) THE BEGINNING: CATALUÑA S. Pedro de Roda (1040)
The age ofmonasteries:One of the oldest buildingsIn Romanesquestyle.
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SANTA MARÍA DE RIPOLL (11th cent.)
It becamean importantCultural centre In the XI century
Lot of works were Translated fromArab to latin.It became the main Cross point betweenEurope and AlAndalus.
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B) THE WAY OF SAINT JAMES
ARAGÓN Y NAVARRA: CATHEDRAL OF JACA
Capital, with King David playing music.
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Monastery of Leyre
Apses
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Santiago de Compostela
The Romanesque Cathedral was started in1075 and finished in the 12th century.
It`s cross-shaped,With three naves andambulatory.
triforio
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Sto. Domingo de Silos
Cloister (beginning 12th century)
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Sto. Domingo de Silos
Capitals
ColumnsBase
Taqueadojaqués
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San Isodoro de León
Arcoperaltado
Arcolobulado
Barrelvault
BóvedaDe arista
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San Isodoro de León
Panteón real: wall paintings(pintura al fresco).
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San Martín de Frómista
Triple apse
transept
canecillos
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C) ROMÁNICO DEL DUERO Cathedral of Zamora (12th)
Zamora is the first of the so called “Cimborrios del Duero”
Belltower
transept
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Colegiata de ToroCimborrioor transepthighlydecorated
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Colegiata de ToroTransept(inside)
semicircularDome“cúpulade media naranja”(French-ByzantineInfluence)
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Salamanca (12-13th c.)Bizantine and muslim Influence (dome anddecoration)
“Agallas”
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ROMANESQUE IN EXTREMADURA: PLASENCIA CATHEDRAL (13-14th century)
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The Way of Saint James
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CULTURE AND ART IN THE LATE MIDDLE AGES
What do we remember fromGothic style?
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Late Middle age: the rise of a new culture.
Culture is not onlyReligious and rural any longer:It is urban and civil,And with new goals
Library from the UniversityOf Salamanca (1215)
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Gothic style• Cister style (12th-13th cent): - Cister monasteries (Piedra, Oseira)
• Classic Gothic (age of cathedrals) (13-14th cent.)– Castilla: León, Toledo.- Aragón: Barcelona, Mallorca.
• Late Gothic (15-16th cent.) (Flemish and isabeline style)– Civil buildings: castles, palaces and lonjas (stocking
exchange), townhalls…– Cathedrals: Sevilla, Burgos, Salamanca…
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Gothic style: Cister
Monasterio de Piedra: Cloister
It is a very austere monastery style, mixing RomanesqueAnd Gothic elements.
Ribbed vault “nervios”
“clave” Pointed arch Butresses
No decoration
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Císter. OSEIRA: GIROLA / AMBULATORY (13th cent.)
No decorationBare wallsSimple capitalsRoman andPointed archs.
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GOTHIC 13-14th cent.Religious buildings
• Castilla Cathedrals
León
Burgos (14th-15th c.)(flemish/flamboyant)
Toledo(13th century)
Built under French influence(rose windows,pinnacles, flyingbuttresses…)
“Agujas”Spires
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GOTHIC (13th-14th cent)Religious buildings
• Aragón Cathedrals
Cathedral of Palma de Mallorca
Santa María del Mar:Wide, high and very austere.
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GOTHIC ARCHITECTURECathedral of Sevilla
(15 th cent., Flemish)
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GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE• Military architecture
Manzanares El RealCastillo de Peñafiel
Torre de losPúlpitos(Cáceres,15th cent.)
Segovia
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Castillo de la mota,Medina del Campo (Valladolid)
matacanes
ArrowSplit(saetera)
gate
Merlons (almenas)
Keep(torre de homenaje)
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Gothic architectureCivil architecture (Aragón)
Lonja of Valencia
Palacio de la Generalitat(Barcelona)
Big commercial cities like Barcelonaor Valencia will create civil Buildings for trade and government.
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Late Gothic Style ISABELINE STYLE (15th c.)
Palacio del Infantado (15th century)Isabeline style
Decoration is abundant,And sometimes it is done in sucha small scale that seems theWork of goldsmiths.
Arcos flamígeros
Diamonddecoration
Flamígero o conopial
Escarzano o rebajado
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Late Gothic Style ISABELINE STYLE (15th c.)
Palacio del Infantado (15th century)Isabeline style
Decoration is abundant,And sometimes it is done in sucha small scale that seems theWork of goldsmiths.
Casa de las Conchas(Salamanca)
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Isabeline style (15th cent.)
San Gregorio
San Pablo
Arco flamígero
Coat Of arms
“goldsmith”decoration
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Bóveda estrellada (Santiago, Cáceres, siglo XVI)
Nervios
Claves
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GOTHIC IN EXTREMADURA: MUDÉJAR – GUADALUPE MONASTERY (Muslim influence)
PointedHorseshoearch
Brick, plasterGeometricaldecoration
Cloister, 1405
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PAINTING
Cantigas de Alfonso XMiniaturas de libros.
Fernando Gallego: pintura flamígera.
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SCULPTURE
Tomb of Martín Vázquez in the cathedral of Sigüenza
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- Matacanes- Arco de dovela- Arco apuntado- Arco de medio punto- Arco flamígero.- Arco rebajado/escarzano- Doble arco de herradura- Alfiz- Espadaña- Coat of arms.- Gargoyles.- Buttresses. - Pinnacles.- Rose windows- Canecillos.- Balcón esquinado- Almohadillado