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Unit 4 ReviewCongress
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Congress The People’s Influence
Constituents’ views (Delegate) Party Views (Partisan) Personal Views (Trustee)
Congress in the Constitution The Structure of Congress Constitutional Powers
Article I, Section 8 Elastic clause
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CongressHouse Senate
Initiates all revenue bills Must confirm major presidential appointments
Initiates impeachment procedures Holds the impeachment trial
Two year terms Six year terms, 1/3 up for reelection every two years
435 members 100 members (two from each state)
Members at least 25 years of age, 7 years a citizen, resident of the state
Senators at least 30 years of age, 9 years a citizen, resident of the state
Approves treaties
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Congress Evolutionary Powers
Oversight of the Budget Authorization Appropriations
Investigation
Leadership in the House Speaker of the House Majority Leader Minority Leader Whips
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Congress Leadership in the Senate
President of the Senate President pro tempore Majority Leader Minority Leader Whips
Committees and Subcommittees Types of Committees
Standing committees Select committees Joint committees Conference committees
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Congress The Work of Committees
Pigeonholed Marked up
Committee membership Committee Chairmen
Seniority system The Rules Committee in the House
Closed rule Open rule
Caucuses Congressional Black Caucus
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Congress Staff Who is In Congress?
Demographics Incumbents
Franking privilege Name recognition More access to the media Raise more campaign funds, $8 of every $10 of PAC money
Representation Malapportionment
Wesberry v. Sanders Gerrymandering
Minority/Majority Districting Shaw v. Reno
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Congress How a Bill becomes a Law
Introduction of a bill Simple resolution Concurrent resolution Joint resolution
Bills in Committee Discharge petition
Calendars 5 in the House and 2 in the Senate
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Congress Floor Debate
Committee of the Whole (House only) Quorum is 100 members; debate conducted by committee
chairman
Amendments must be germane (House only) Filibuster (Senate only)
Cloture
Christmas tree bill
Voting Conference Committee Action Presidential Action
Sign, veto, pocket veto
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Congress Criticisms of Congress
Pork barrel legislation Logrolling Term limits debate Inefficiency
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Congress Why do they vote that way?
President Party Ideology Constituency Interest groups Colleagues Congressional staff