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Unit 3 Unit 3 Daily Communication (II) Daily Communication (II)
• Case Analysis
• Compliments and Compliment Responses
• Gift-giving and gift-receiving
• Exercises
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Compliments and Compliment Compliments and Compliment ResponsesResponses
• Main point: Chinese modesty• Social functions of compliments• Differences between Chinese compliments and
English compliments• Cultural assumption• Expressions for gratitude in English and
Chinese• Common expressions for apology in English
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Compliments and Compliment RespoCompliments and Compliment Responsesnses
• Compliments and compliment responses are an essential part of daily verbal communication.Various expressions of compliment and compliment response manfifest the cultural variations and different cultural roots.
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Chinese ModestyChinese Modesty
• Oh, it’s an ordinary dress I bought in China.
• Should I blush, or should I tell him you don’t really mean it?
• Growing flowers is my hobby, but I’m not much good at it.
• I really know so little about the subject.
• ...
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Social functions of complimentsSocial functions of compliments
• Creating or reinforcing solidarity• greeting people• expressing thanks• congratulation• encouraging people• softening criticism• starting a conversation• getting over embarrassment
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Differences between Chinese Differences between Chinese compliments and English compliments and English complimentscompliments
• The Semantic formula
• The Syntactic Formula
• Common responses formula in E- and C-compliments
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The Semantic FormulaThe Semantic Formula
• English:• This was a great meal.• Bill, you look so nice
today.• I love your dresses.• About 80% adj.
16%verbs
• Chinese:• 你的房间不错。• 你待人真好。• 你该受表扬。 .• Mainly adj. Adv. verb
s
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The Syntactic formulaThe Syntactic formulaEnglish:• NP is/looks adj. 53%
e.g.You are so efficient.• I like/love NP. 16.2%
e.g. I really like your hardwood floors.
• PRO is (really) (a) ADJ NP (14.9%)
That’s really a beautiful car.
• Chinese compliments• You V ADV.41%
你干得不错!• (You)NP is ADV Adj 3
5% 你穿这件外套真漂亮。
• PRO is ADJ NP (9%)
那是一幅不错的画。• PRO (you) V NP Y 5%
你该受表彰。• PRO (I) V (like) NP 4%.
我喜欢你的房子。
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Common Responses Formula in Common Responses Formula in English and Chinese ComplimentEnglish and Chinese Compliment• American English• A: This is really a nice
sweater.• B: I’m glad you like it.
• A: You did a good job.• B: Thank you/Thanks.
• Chinese• A:Your sweater is ver
y good. 你的毛衣不错。• B: I bought is only for
ten yuan. 才花了我十元钱。
• A: You did the job very well. 你干得不错。
• B: That’s the result of joint efforts. 大家努力的结果。
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• I do envy you. You are so beautiful!• I do think that’s charming.• I must say the soup is really very good.• I should say this shirt matches your trousers
fabulously.• Its’ an unforgettable experience.• It’s lovely!• It’s so brilliantly beautiful!• Oh, how nice.
Compliment
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ComplimentCompliment
• Oh, isn’t that lovely! Oh, wouldn’t that be nice!
• That’s a very nice hairstyle you’re wearing.
• The hat suits you very well.
• You have a good taste.
• You look really wonderful in that blue skirt.
• You look very smart.
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Informal ComplimentInformal Compliment
• I like the design!• I love your coat!• I must take my hat off to you for your good show.• I say, I like your brooch.• I’ve got to hand it to you; you really did a good
job.
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Informal ComplimentInformal Compliment
• Just look at it. Isn’t amazing!
• Mm! You look great.
• Wonderful! /
• You really look sharp today.
• Your presentation is smashing.
• Now that’s absolutely super!
•
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Formal ComplimentFormal Compliment
• I really must express my admiration for your competence.
• I think you deserve the highest praise.• If I may say so, the crispy fried duck is
delicious.• I like to express my admiration for your
generosity.• May I say how charming you look?
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Responding to ComplimentsResponding to Compliments
• Do you really think so?
• I’m very glad you like it / think so.
• It’s very nice of you to say so.
• Oh, thank you , but I have a lot to learn yet.
• Thank you, but it’s not really all that good.
• Thank you very much for saying so.
• That’s very kind of you.
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Responding to ComplimentsResponding to Compliments
• Informally
• Oh, I’m flattered.
• Oh, thanks!
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Responding to ComplimentsResponding to Compliments
• Formally
• How very kind of you to say so.
• That’s very kind of you, but in all truth I feel the credit should go to Mr Harrod.
• I appreciate your remarks, but I honestly don't think it was anything to shout about.
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Simulation game:Dinner Party
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• The students are divided into groups of five or six, one is supposed to be the host or hostess who is holding a dinner party, and the other would be either the Chinese guests or English speaking guests. Provide some probable problem situations as concerned with compliments, politeness , hospitality, gifts, and some offensive questions etc.
Simulation game:Dinner Party
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Cultural AssumptionCultural Assumption
• You have lost weight.
• You’ve put on weight./You’ve gained weight.
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Expressions for gratitude in Expressions for gratitude in English and ChineseEnglish and Chinese
• English:
• Thanks/Many thanks/Thanks a lot./Thank you very much./Thank you very much indeed./I really don’t know how to thank you enough./I’m thankful to you for all your kindness./ I greatly appreciate your timely help
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Formulaic responses to the Formulaic responses to the expressions aboveexpressions above
• Not at all.
• You’re welcome.
• Don’t mention it.
• It’s my/our pleasure.
• That’s all right.
• That’s okay.
• (It doesn’t matter and Never mind are responses to apology.)
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Common expressions for apology Common expressions for apology in Englishin English• Excuse me.• Will you excuse me for a few minutes?• Excuse me for my smoking here.• I’m sorry…• Sorry about that.• Sorry for not phoning you.• I’m very /so /terribly/awfully/extremely sorry for that.• I can’t tell you how sorry I am.• I beg your pardon.• Pardon me.• Pardon me for sneezing.• I do beg your pardon for the mess I’ve made.• A thousand pardons for taking up so much of your time.• Please forgive me.• Please forgive my carelessness.• Please forgive me for having lost your book.• I apologize.• I must apologize for my rudeness/fault/mistake, etc.• I must make an apology for losing my temper.• May I offer you my profoundest apologies for the wrongs I’ve done you.
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Formulaic responses Formulaic responses • It doesn’t matter at all.• Never mind.• No harm done.• No problem.• Forget it.• Please don’t worry.• That’s quite all right.• I quite understand.• It’s not your fault.• It’s nothing.• Please don’t blame yourself.• There is no reason to apologize.• It’s really not necessary.
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Activity 3 Activity 3
Differences in Accepting the GiftsDifferences in Accepting the Gifts • In the West, it is regarded as polite to open
_______as soon as they are given to you to express ___________. In China, the situation is quite the________. Normally we Chinese feel that if you open the gift as soon as it is given, you might ___________the person who gives the gift and you might be thought _________. So Chinese people tend to open the gifts_______ the visitors have left.
appreciationgifts
reverse
embarrassgreedy
after
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• What’s more, many people send gifts without _______ them, and if they wrap them , they usually tell the receiver_______________, and the receiver will ________the sender and put the gift aside without __________ them since they already know what is inside.
Differences in Accepting the Gifts
wrapping
what is inside
thankunwrapping
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Differences in Bringing Gifts Differences in Bringing Gifts
• In China,it is quite _______to present _______ bottles of wine rather than one. Apart from being more generous even numbers of gifts suggest_________. As to types of gifts, _______ is common one to bring with when visiting a family.
usual two
good luck fruit
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• However, things are quite different in the West. Guests invited to dinner in the West frequently bring _____bottle of wine with them . One is quite enough, two are of course welcome but _______and not expected. As they are expected to be consumed at the meal bringing two might even give the impression that the giver is a ______ drinker who fears she will not have enough to drink. Taking ______to such an occasion is unusual . Traditionally gifts of fruit are thought of as only appropriate for visits to people who are_______
one
unusual
heavyfruit
ill.
Differences in Bringing Gifts
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中国人对礼品真的不感兴趣吗?中国人对礼品真的不感兴趣吗?
• 中国的送礼讲究: -- 名目繁多:婚丧节庆、生儿育女、乔迁、
升学等-- 礼品贵重礼多人不怪(孔子得子,鲁国君送鲤鱼示贺,孔子大
为感激,去取其子名为鲤)
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• 时至今日,中国人送礼似乎更重实用及贵重。• 欧洲人基本维系了“礼轻情意重”的送礼初
衷-- 不太讲究礼品的实用与昂贵(画册 / 针线
包)-- 包装务求精美,观赏价值与文化品位-- 介绍当地的印刷精美的画册是属于比较高雅
和珍贵的。(国际交往中)不送食品与生活用品与本厂生产的产品(而送带有该公司标志的钢笔或画册),觉得将产品作礼品来送有失对客人的尊重。
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例子例子• “ 代表团对此次访问满意吗?昨晚当我
们送礼时,代表团为什么没有一个人打开礼品看一看呢?对我们来说,只能理解为对我们的礼品不感兴趣,或者有什么意见。”(荷方人员对中国住荷大使)
• “ 荷兰人为什么要当场查看我们的礼品呢?难道是对我们的礼品不放心?”
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欧洲人最怕听中国人说哪两个欧洲人最怕听中国人说哪两个字字• “ 客随主便” (Up to you)• 点饮料 : 随便 / 什么都行、团长说“茶”,所
有人都说“茶”• agenda :订菜(中餐 / 西餐)“什么都可以,
看他方便就是了”-- 外方人员:“我怎么能根据我的喜好来安排
他们的口味呢?”-- 参观景点, 2 个选 1 ,“您看哪儿方便就去
哪儿,不要太费心了,去哪都行。”• 不知道对方的真正要求是什么 , 无所适从
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欧洲人的个体性欧洲人的个体性• 十来人的代表团 , 要分 5 、 6批,有的乘飞机,有的坐火车;有的住单间;有的住套房,有的非不吸烟楼层不住;有的客人提出要与有关部门进行工作会谈,有的要去博物院,自由市场… .
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牛排与方便面牛排与方便面• 中国代表团往往会感谢当地接待方说:“你
们的国家非常美丽,你们的人民很友好,你们的接待很周到。”外方人员并不领情,“为什么都是这么几句话呢?难道没有一点不同的感受?”
• “老三篇”外,三点建议:资料的中文翻译,牛排老一点,加些方便面,外方人士对中国的文化与历史的了解多一点。令对方非常感谢,认为这种不同的声音非常难
能可贵。
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Research TopicsResearch Topics
• Compare the invitation differences between Western culture and Chinese culture. Pay particular attention to the differences between “genuine invitation” and “false invitation” in American culture.
• Compare the similarities and differences between the Chinese way and the American way in gift giving and gift-receiving.
• 补充阅读
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• 1. Sometimes the Chinese way of showing modesty may be condidered as fishing for compliments.
• 2.The social functions of Chinese and English compliments are roughly the same.
• 3.In informal situations ,a large number of complements are used to make people feel comfortable.
Exerciese Exerciese
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• 4.The cultural assumption of compliments is the same between cultures.
• 5.Adjctive and verbs are often used to convey compliment message in English, while adjectives,adverbs and verbs are often used in Chinese.
• 6. English compliments often begin with the word “you” while Chinese compliments often start with the word “I”.
Exerciese Exerciese
×
×
×
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• 7.Chinese people give more compliments in daily life than Americans.
• 8.Americans tend to be self-effacing in their compliment responses.
• 9.Compliments on othe’s belongings are sometimes an indirect way of request in American culture
• 10.If a guest compliments something in another person’s home, the Chinese host or hostess will probablygive that thing to the guest.
Exerciese Exerciese
×
×
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• 1.discuss the different semantic formulas in English and Chinese compliments
• 2 What is the cultural assumption ? Please give an example to illustrate your point
Questions for Discussion Questions for Discussion Questions for Discussion Questions for Discussion
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