16 S
PE
CIA
L R
EP
OR
T O
N S
UB
VE
RS
IVE
AC
TIV
ITIE
S
po
int o
f view
in th
e case of m
ore th
an a v
ery sm
all fraction
of th
e people contained on these lists.
To attem
pt to
indicate th
at every
one w
hose n
ame w
as carried o
n
the list, o
f the W
ashin
gto
n C
om
mittee fo
r Dem
ocratic A
ction
, the
Wash
ingto
n C
ooperativ
e Booksh
op, o
r the W
ashin
gto
n C
om
mittee
to Aid C
hina, is thereby to be regarded as per se subversive is, in my
opin
ion, as false an
implicatio
n as it w
ould
be to
attempt to
say th
at ev
ery m
ember o
f the A
merica F
irst Com
mittee w
as sym
path
etic w
ith fascism
or th
e Nazi cau
se. Th
e latter statemen
t no
tho
ug
htfu
l A
merican w
ould make, even though w
e know that attem
pts were m
ade in certain sections of the country to use the A
merica F
irst Com
mittee
as a veh
icle for p
ro-A
xis p
rop
agan
da an
d activ
ities. 5
. The section of the report on Japanese activities deals, of course,
with one of the subjects w
hich is of greatest importance at the present
time. B
ut w
hen
the co
mm
ittee states in co
nclu
sion o
f this sectio
n
that the removal of the Japanese from
west coast areas w
as "a direct resu
lt of th
e com
mittee's rep
ort o
n Jap
anese su
bversiv
e activities in
th
is country
," I believ
e it is mak
ing an
extrav
agan
t claim. T
he co
m-
mittee report, could aL
curately hgvEt been describek as one am
ong many
factors which brought about Japanese relocation.
Japan
is as relentless an
enem
y o
f Am
erica at the p
resent tu
ne as
our co
untry
has ev
er had
. All rep
orts fro
m th
e fightin
g fro
nts b
ear th
is out, an
d A
merica m
ust b
e guid
ed acco
rdin
gly
in h
er action an
d
policy
. I believ
e it no m
ore th
an fair to
poin
t out th
at there are so
me
citizens o
f Japan
ese descen
t—h
ow
man
y I d
o n
ot k
no
w—
wh
o h
ave
resisted th
e tremen
dous p
ressure o
f the Jap
anese sy
stem an
d th
e E
mperor-w
orshippattern of Japanese tradition, and have maintained
a loyalty
to th
e link
ed S
tates. Th
e relocatio
n p
rog
ram, h
ow
ever,
was an
d is th
e on
ly safe p
olicy
to b
e pu
rsued
from
the stan
dp
oin
t of
all concerned. 6
. It is my
view
that th
ere sho
uld
hav
e been
app
end
ed to
the sec-
tion dealing with "S
abotage strikes of 1941" a statement pointing out
the unquestioned loyalty and record of outstanding production of the great rank and file of A
merican w
orkers. In
conclu
din
g th
is statemen
t, I wish
to say
that I d
o n
ot su
bscrib
e to
the attack
s mad
e on th
e Com
mittee o
n U
n-A
merican
Activ
ities by th
ose w
ho h
ave claim
ed th
at. it nev
er has in
vestig
ated N
azi and
Fascist g
roups in
this co
untry
. The co
mm
ittee has m
ade su
ch in
-vestigation and in the case of certain of these groups has done a very good jo
b. B
ut th
is report fails to
place its m
ajor em
phasis o
n th
e p
rimary
imp
ortan
ce at this tim
e of ex
po
sing
the p
rop
agan
da an
d
activities of Axis agents and those w
ho wittingly or unw
ittingly serve th
at cause. I w
ou
ld n
o m
ore in
clud
e in th
is gro
up
peo
ple w
ho
at on
e tim
e or an
oth
er hav
e attend
ed m
eeting
s or ev
en b
een m
emb
ers of
organizations which later w
ere discovered to be Axis F
ront organize, tions, than I w
ould do in the case of persons over whom
Com
munists
hav
e taken
similar ad
van
tage. B
ut I feel v
ery p
rofo
undly
that th
e m
ain excuse for this comm
ittee's existence at the present time is that
it may contribute to the m
aximum
possible extent to stiffening of the resistance of the A
merican people to open or covert pro-A
xis propa-ganda and to the building of a vigorous and unified dem
ocratic senti-m
ent in
the U
nited
States. Its an
nu
al repo
rt offered
an o
pp
ortu
nity
to
strike a
blo
w in
that d
irectio
n. T
hat o
pp
ortu
nity
has b
een
neglected.
0
Union Calendar No 1002 77T
H C
ON
OR
MS
I
HO
US
E O
F R
EP
RE
SE
NT
AT
IVE
S j R
EP
OR
T
2d Session. N
o. 2748
SP
EC
IAL
RE
PO
RT
ON
SU
BV
ER
SIV
E A
CT
IVIT
IES
AIM
ED
A
T D
ES
TR
OY
ING
OU
R R
EP
RE
SE
NT
AT
IVE
FO
RM
OF
G
OV
ER
NM
EN
T
_ .., '
1943,A Co
mm
itted to
the C
om
mittee o
f the W
ho
le Ho
use o
n th
e _....../c
tate of the U
nion and ordered to he printed
Mr. D
IES
, chairm
an, fro
m th
e Sp
ecial rnrn
ittee on
Un
-Am
erican
Activ
ities, subm
itted th
e low
ing
RE
PO
RT
"'
[Pursuant to R
. Res. 420, 77th C
ong,1
SU
BV
ER
SIV
E A
CT
IVIT
IES
AIM
ED
AT
DE
ST
RO
YIN
G O
UR
FO
RM
OF
G
OV
ER
NM
EN
T
I S
ince th
e last report o
f this co
mm
ittee to th
e House o
n Jan
uary
5,
MO
, ou
r cou
ntry
has b
een p
lun
ged
into
a glo
bal w
ar on
wh
ose
outcome hangs no less an issue than that of our national survival.
Of o
ur u
ltimate v
ictory
in th
is war, w
e can en
tertain n
o d
ou
bt.
Nevertheless, w
e do not hold—and w
e caution our people not to hold—th
is faith in
the ev
entu
al trium
ph o
f our arm
s lightly
; for th
ere may
y
et be ex
acted o
f us a. p
rice in life an
d treasu
re wh
ich w
e cann
ot, at
this stag
e of th
e strug
gle, b
egin
to co
mp
rehen
d. B
ut, h
ow
ever g
reat th
e sacrifice still required
for v
ictory
, we m
ust, as a p
eople, g
rimly
reso
lve th
at no
part th
ereof sh
all be th
e loss o
f that h
um
an lib
erty
wh
ich is th
e essence o
f Am
ericanism
. To
this en
d, w
e mu
st gu
ard,
as nev
er befo
re in an
y w
ars of th
e past, o
ur in
ternal safety
again
st the m
achinations of fifth columns.
By
com
mo
n co
nsen
t, we are en
gag
ed in
a glo
bal w
ar again
st the
existen
ce and sp
read o
f totalitarian
ism. A
world
which
is half
totalitarian will forever m
enace our liberties and challenge our way
of life. This global w
ar is unique not only in the use of new physical
weap
ons b
ut ev
en m
ore u
niq
ue in
the u
se by
ou
r totalitarian
foes
of sab
oteu
rs whose w
ork
is to sp
read b
oth
physical an
d sp
iritual
destru
ction w
ithin
our b
ord
ers. The sy
stematic so
win
g o
f rum
ors,
the calculated whispers of defeatism
, and the treacherous campaigns
to create internal disunity by un-Am
erican hatreds may be as danger-
ous as the saboteur's bomb and flam
e. JE
RR
Y V
OO
RH
IS.
.IAN
UA
RT
2
SP
EC
IAL
RE
PO
RT
ON
SU
BV
ER
SIV
E A
CT
IVIT
IES
This com
mittee has defined its special function, in accordance w
ith th
e terms o
f the m
andate g
iven
by th
e House, as th
e disco
very
and
exposure of those enemy groups w
hich fight with nonphysical w
eapons as a fifth colum
n on our home front.
Our com
mittee decided m
any months ago, after the entrance of the
United S
tates into thawar, to refrain from
holding any public hearings w
hich
mig
ht in
volv
e the activ
ities of A
xis sab
oteu
rs, so as n
ot to
ru
n an
y risk
of p
rematu
re disclo
sures w
hich
mig
ht em
barrass th
ose
whose resp
onsib
ility it is to
pro
secute th
ose g
uilty
of esp
ionag
e and
sabotage.
AS
SIS
TA
NC
E F
UR
NIS
HE
D G
OV
ER
NM
EN
T A
GE
NC
IES
This co
mm
ittee came in
to ex
istence at ab
out th
e time H
itler and
his A
xis p
artners w
ere sendin
; their arm
ies out fo
r world
conquest.
When w
e began our investigation in 1938, our hearings and exposures w
ere not receiv
ed in
certain o
fficial quarters w
ith th
e attentio
n th
at t'ley
170r,o
ried. F
ortu
nately
, how
ever, th
e mem
berd
of o
ur co
m-
mittee an
d
fl T
res t majority of the M
embprc of the. Z
.-Toirta and the
Am
erican p
eople saw
and realized
that th
is com
mittee h
ad p
ut its
finger o
n a d
angero
us co
nditio
n ex
isting in
this co
untry
which
threatened to becom
e increasingly worse.
In 1938, the Germ
an-Am
erican Bunch had m
any posts throughout th
e Natio
n an
d b
oasted
100,0
00 m
embers. T
he C
om
munist P
arty
and
its Po
pu
lar Fro
nt, claim
ing
the su
pp
ort o
f "millio
ns," w
ere ap
pro
achin
g th
eir hig
hest p
eak. T
he Jap
anese "treaty
merch
ants"
were busy throughout our N
ation gathering information for H
irohito. T
he Silver S
hirt Legion of A
merica, under P
elley, was flourishing and
other native Fascists w
ere operating unmolested.
The p
attern w
as not en
tirely clear, b
ut th
e mem
bers o
f this co
m-
mittee h
ad h
eard an
d seen
enough to
convin
ce them
that it w
as time
some agency of our G
overnment should equip itself to deal w
ith this ap
pro
achin
g th
reat. It was fo
r this reaso
n th
at the co
mm
ittee, late in
1938, b
egan
to assem
ble an
d o
rgan
ize all availab
le info
rmatio
n o
n
so-called subversive activities in Am
erica. The com
mittee points out
that at th
at time th
ere was n
o ag
ency
of th
e Go
vern
men
t eng
aged
in
check
ing o
n so
-called su
bversiv
e gro
ups fo
r the v
ery sim
ple reaso
n
that th
ey h
ad n
o au
thority
to d
o so
under th
e law; an
d th
e Com
-m
un
ists, the N
azis, the F
ascists, and
all their sto
og
es had
lon
g ag
o
learned
that it w
as easy en
ough to
carry o
n m
uch
of th
eir work
w
ithin the law.
In 1938, only
two file eehinets w
ere required to hold the files of this com
min ee, w
hereei, today On eom
mil tee's files end records on sub-
versiv
e activities fill 1
35 file cab
inets. T
he in
dex
to th
ese files con-
tains over 1,000,000 cards, each containing information on individuals
and organizations engaged in subversive activities. All of these cards
are based
upon d
ocu
men
tary ev
iden
ce in th
e possessio
n o
f the co
m-
mittee an
d so
filed th
at it is readily
availab
le to an
y G
overn
men
t agency desiring it. • T
his m
aterial has b
een o
btain
ed d
urin
g th
e past 5
years in
vario
us
way
s but p
rincip
ally th
rough th
e use o
f the co
ngressio
nal su
bpen
a, an
auth
ority
wh
ich n
o o
ther G
ov
ernm
ent ag
ency
po
ssesses. Th
erein
lies the advantage and necessity of congressional investigating com-
mittees. H
ad it n
ot b
een fo
r this au
thority
of su
bpen
a, our co
m-
mittee could never have built up these irreplaceable files on subversive
SP
EC
IAL
RE
PO
RT
ON
SU
BV
ER
SIV
E A
CT
IVIT
IES
:activities which have served as the chief source of inform
ation on un A
merican individuals, groups, and organizations for the m
any agencies of this G
overnment.
From
the time H
itler marched into the low
lands and the people anc G
ov
ernm
ent o
f this co
un
try w
ere sho
cked
into
the realizatio
n th
e.' there w
as a fifth column in A
merica, the files of this com
mittee hay(
served
as a veritab
le fountain
head
of in
form
ation fo
r the v
arious
agen
cies of th
e Govern
men
t charg
ed w
ith th
e intern
al safety o
f the
United S
tates. A
s evidence of this service to Governm
ent agencies, the comm
ittee rep
orts to
the H
ouse th
at durin
g th
e past 1
4 m
onth
s som
e 1,6
0f
agen
ts from
the v
ariou
s Intellig
ence u
nits o
f the A
rmy
, the N
avy
, the F
ederal Bureau of Investigation, S
ecret Service, and others have
called at the comm
ittee's office in Wash
ingto
n a
lone fo
r info
rmatio
n.
Hu
nd
reds o
f agen
ts from
the'sam
e agen
cies hav
e called at th
e com
-m
ittee's branch offices in New
York, P
hiladelphia, Los A
ngeles, and C
hicago for similar inform
ation. In
additio
n to
the ab
ove, th
e follo
win
g ag
encies h
ave d
etailed
liaison. agen
ts to w
ork
daily
at the co
mm
ittee's offices ch
eckin
g an
d
.ob
tainin
g in
forw
ation
from
the co
mm
ittee's files: Civ
il Serv
ice, In
telligen
ce Unit o
f the T
reasury
, Military
Intellig
ence, N
aval
Intellig
ence, S
tate Dep
artmen
t, Fed
eral Bu
reau o
f Inv
estigatio
n,
Work P
rojects Adm
inistration, Secret S
ervice, and Office for E
mer-
gen
cy M
anag
emen
t. The b
ranch
offices o
f the co
mm
ittee hav
e been
used in a sim
ilar manner.
Num
erous req
uests fo
r info
rmatio
n w
hich
the co
mm
ittee has
received
from
Govern
men
t dep
artmen
ts hav
e involv
ed th
e com
mit-
tee's turn
ing o
ver• larg
e files of d
ocu
men
ts. For ex
ample, th
e com
-m
ittee on February 3, 1942, supplied the O
ffice of the Coordinator of
Info
rmatio
n w
ith 2
10 d
ocu
men
ts on N
azi pro
pag
anda. S
om
ewhat
earlier, the co
mm
ittee turn
ed o
ver to
the D
epartm
ent o
f Justice
hundreds of original documents w
hich provided the Departm
ent with
the basis of its cases against Auhagen, Z
app, and Tonn.
On A
ugust 1
5, 1
942, th
e conunittee fo
iward
ed to
the P
residen
t a list o
f appro
xim
ately 1
7,0
00 in
div
iduals w
ho h
ad b
een id
entified
or
-affiliated with the N
azi movem
ents in this country and suggested at th
e time to
the P
residen
t that so
me fo
rm o
f surv
eillance sh
ould
be
kept over these people. T
his co
mm
ittee has also
assisted v
arious S
tate com
mittees w
hich
h
ave b
een in
vestig
ating
un
-Am
erican activ
ities, particu
larly in
New
Y
ork
and C
aliforn
ia, and su
pplied
the sp
ecial com
mittee o
f the
Arg
entin
e Cham
ber o
f Dep
uties, in
vestig
ating su
bversiv
e activities,
headed by Sr. D
amonte T
aborda, with considerable inform
ation and fu
rnish
ed th
em at th
eir requ
est with
a mem
o o
n h
ow
to p
roceed
in
mak
ing su
ch an
investig
ation. E
arly th
is year w
hen
Sen
or T
abord
a w
as in the United S
tates he examined the files of the com
mittee and
was v
ery co
mp
limen
tary o
f the co
mm
ittee's set-up
and
surp
rised
:at the amount of inform
ation contained in its files. T
he comm
ittee has taken 11,725 printed pages of testimony and has
issued
reports co
mprisin
g 3
,000 p
rinted
pag
es, and th
e info
rmatio
n
contain
ed in
these h
earings an
d rep
orts h
as been
of im
measu
rable
valu
e no
t on
ly to
the G
ov
ernm
ent ag
encies b
ut h
as served
to en
-lig
hten
the p
eople o
f this co
untry
and th
e Am
ericas of th
e work
ings
'of th
e Com
munists, th
e Nazis, th
e Japan
ese, and th
eir sym
path
izers ..and agents.
4 S
PE
CIA
L R
EP
OR
T O
N S
UB
VE
RS
IVE
AC
TIV
ITIE
S
SP
EC
IAL
RE
PO
RT
ON
SU
BV
ER
SIV
E A
CT
IVIT
IES
, 5
As a factual illustration of the assistance this com
mittee has furnished
the G
ov
ernm
ent ag
encies, w
e presen
t on
the fo
llow
ing
pag
e a chart
indicating the extent to which the com
mittee has assisted the various
Governm
ent departments and agencies from
its Washington, C
hicago, an
d N
ew Y
ork
offices. T
his ch
art do
es no
t inclu
de th
e assistance
furn
ished
by th
e com
mittee's o
ffices in L
os A
ngeles, P
hilad
elphia,
and C
levelan
d.
Tabulation of requests for inform
ation on individual cases made by various G
overnment
agen
cies at th
e com
mittee's o
ffices in
TV
osshington, N
ew Y
ork, a
nd C
hica
go
Departm
ent Or agency m
akingMC
l/IPA
Num
ber of requests
received at C
OM
Mitt¢e3
Washington
office
Num
ber of requests
received at C
OM
M lace's
New
York
office
Num
ber of requests
received at C
Om
MittC
eS C
hicago office
Total
number
of requests received at com
mittee's
3 offices
Treasury D
epartment (internal R
evenue, Secret
Service, etc.}
26,203
237 160
26,600 S
tate Departm
mat
Z 052
0
2,3131
War D
epartm
ent (0
-2, P
rovost M
arshal, eto
.)„ 707
890 7,710
0,397 N
avy Departm
ent (Intelligence, .Coast G
uard, etc.)
7,495
5,946 9,958
21,390 Justice D
epartment (F
ederal Bureau of investi-
gation, Imm
igration and Nato ralintion, etc.)._
10,600 92
1, 1162 11, 894
Com
merce D
epart:lomat
28
28
Agriculture D
epartment
28
28 P
ost Office D
epartment
15
47 62
Civil S
ervice Com
mission
,. 50,550
226 58
50,843 O
ffice for Em
ergency Managem
ent..-..
9,232 87
9,260
General A
ccounting Office
17
17
Farm
Security A
dministration_
2
2
Federal Reserve B
oard
5
5 W
ork Projects Adm
inistration (Federal W
orks
Agen
cy)
4,818
9
4,823
State agencies
24
64 102
Police (local)
152 148
2,663 1,902
British intelligence
5
5
To
tal
138,827
ZI
CO
MM
UN
IST
S IN
TH
E
GO
VE
RN
ME
NT
Th
e com
mittee w
ou
ld lik
e to state at th
e ou
tset that it h
as nev
er in
vestig
ated th
e perso
nn
el of th
e Fed
eral Go
vern
men
t to d
etermin
e h
ow
man
y o
f its emp
loy
ees' were C
om
mu
nists o
r so-called
fellow
trav
elers. Ho
wev
er, since th
e com
mittee's creatio
n in
19
38
, there
has come to its attention from
time to tim
e the presence in the Federal.
Governm
ent of laib. oh-salaried employees w
ho were prom
inently and defin
itely id
entified
with
com
munism
and its fro
nt o
rgan
izations.
Man
y o
f these cases w
ere pro
mp
tly called
to th
e attentio
n o
f the
Presid
ent, th
e Congress, an
d th
e dep
artmen
tal head
concern
ed b
y
either th
e com
mittee o
r its mem
bers. A
t this p
oin
t, the co
mm
ittee w
ould like to cite a number of exam
ples where this procedure has been
followed.
On O
ctober 25, 1939, the comm
ittee made public the nam
es, posi-tio
ns, an
d salaries o
f som
e 563 G
overn
men
t emplo
yees lo
cated in
W
ashington, D. C
., who w
ore mem
bers of the Am
erican League for
Peace an
d D
emo
cracy. In
three rep
orts w
hich
this co
mm
ittee has
made to the H
ouse, it has found the Am
erican League for P
eace and D
emo
cracy to
be a C
om
mu
nist fro
nt o
rgan
ization
. It will b
e re-called
that E
arl Bro
wder w
as vice p
residen
t of th
e org
anizatio
n.
Furtherm
ore, the Attorney G
eneral, Mr. F
rancis Biddle, has branded
the Am
erican League a subversive organization, in language as strong
as any
used
by
this co
mm
ittee in its ch
aracterization
s. In m
akin
g
pu
blic th
is list, the co
mm
ittee issued
an acco
mp
any
ing
statemen
t w
hich made clear that it did not consider all of the people an that list
or any one of them in particular to be C
omm
unists, but in view of the
fact that th
ese Go
vern
men
t emp
loy
ees were m
emb
ers of a C
om
-m
unist front organization and continued their mem
bership long after th
e org
anizatio
n w
as exposed
as bein
g co
mm
unistic, th
e com
mittee
felt that th
e Co
ng
ress and
the p
eop
le were en
titled to
kn
ow
wh
o
they
were. T
his w
as an au
then
tic mem
bersh
ip list o
btain
ed fro
m
the headquarters of the Am
erican League for P
eace and Dem
ocracy by due process of subpena w
hich was served upon the secretary of the
organization. O
n S
eptem
ber 6
, 19
41
, the ch
airman
of th
is com
mittee w
rote th
e P
residen
t a letter, accom
pan
ied b
y 4
3 ex
hib
its, detailin
g th
e Com
-m
unist affiliatio
n an
d b
ackgro
und o
f the fo
llow
ing o
fficials of th
e O
ffice of Price A
dministration and suggested that they be dism
issed from
their positions: R
obert A. B
rady, head consultant of Office of P
rice Adm
inistration and C
ivilian Supply, salary, $7,500.
Tom
Tippett, A
ssistant Chief of R
ent Section of O
ffice of Price A
d-m
inistration and Civilian S
upply, salary, $5,600. M
ildred
Ed
ie Brad
y, p
rincip
al specialist in
con
sum
er edu
cation
, O
ffice of Price A
dministration and C
ivilian Supply, salary, $5,600.
Dew
ey H. P
almer, consultant of O
ffice of Price A
dministration and
Civilian S
upply, salary, $20 a day. A
t the time, M
r. Leon H
enderson, head of the Office of P
rice Ad-
ministration, issued a public statem
ent in which he said that he w
ould refer th
e cases to th
e Civ
il Serv
ice Com
missio
n an
d ab
ide b
y th
eir decisio
n. S
ubseq
uen
tly, th
e chairm
an w
as advised
by th
e Presid
ent
that th
e matter h
ad b
een referred
to th
e Civ
il Serv
ice Com
missio
n.
After several m
onths of investigation, the Civil S
ervice Com
mission
recomm
ended to Mr. H
enderson the dismissal of his chief consultant,
Ro
bert A
. Brad
y, an
d h
is wife, M
ildred
Ed
ie Brad
y. M
ildred
Ed
ie B
rady resig
ned
. In th
e case of R
obert A
. Brad
y, M
r. Hen
derso
n
refused to abide by the decision of the Civil S
ervice Com
mission even
tho
ug
h h
e had
prev
iou
sly stated
he w
ou
ld d
o so
. Mr. B
rady
is still em
plo
yed
in th
e Office o
f Price A
dm
inistratio
n. T
he C
om
missio
n's
recomm
endation was issued over a year ago.
On
No
vem
ber 1
8, 1
94
1, th
e chairm
an o
f the co
mm
ittee wro
te a letter to Jam
es Law
rence Fly, C
hairman of the F
ederal Com
munica-
tions Com
mission, calling his attention to the fact that the com
mittee
had
a con
siderab
le file revealin
g th
e Co
mm
un
ist affiliation
s of o
ne
Go
od
win
Watso
n w
ho
had
just b
een ap
po
inted
Ch
ief Bro
adcast
Analyst of the F
ederal Com
munications C
omm
ission. Chairm
an Fly,
without availing him
self of the evidence, replied that he had personally investigated M
r. Watson's case and found the com
mittee's charges to
be baseless. In the meantim
e the agency of the Governm
ent charged w
ith in
vestig
ating
emp
loy
ees of th
e Fed
eral Co
mm
un
ication
s Co
m-
mission had called at the com
mittee's offices and requested all inform
a-tio
n in
its files on
Go
od
win
Watso
n. T
he co
mm
ittee furn
ished
the
info
rmatio
n, w
hich
con
sisted o
f ov
er 10
0 ex
hib
its. Th
e Fed
eral
e
6 S
PE
CIA
L R
EP
OR
T O
N S
UB
VE
RS
TV
E A
CT
IVIT
IES
Co
mm
un
ication
s Co
mm
ission
was also
furn
ished
a cop
y o
f this m
a-terial. N
o actio
n w
as taken
. Ho
wev
er, wh
en th
e app
rop
riation
bill
for the Federal C
omm
unications Com
mission w
as before the House for
consideration, an amendm
ent was adopted w
hich prohibited Goodw
in. W
atson
from
receivin
g an
y o
f the fu
nd
s app
rop
riated. T
his am
end
-m
ent w
as subsequently eliminated w
hen the bill was sent to conference,
and
Go
od
win
Watso
n is still o
n th
e Fed
eral pay
roll o
f the F
ederal.
Com
munications C
omm
ission. O
n Jan
uary
15, 1
942, th
e chairm
an o
f the co
mm
ittee, in a sp
eech
On the floor of the H
ouse, called attention to the presence in the Office.
of F
acts and F
igures o
f one M
alcolm
Cow
ley, ch
ief info
rmatio
n
analy
st, at a salary o
f $8,0
00 p
er annum
. The ch
airman
inserted
in
his sp
eech th
e record
of M
alcolm
Co
wley
, wh
ich sh
ow
ed 7
2 affilia-
tions w
ith th
e Com
munist P
arty an
d its fro
nt o
rpnizatio
ns. S
everal
week
s later Mr. C
ow
ley resig
ned
his p
ositio
n w
ith th
e Fed
eral Gov-
ernm
ent.
On N
ovember 28, 1941, in a speech on the floor of the H
ouse, the ch
airman
called th
e attentio
n o
f the m
emb
ers to th
e case of G
ardn
er Jack
son
, prin
cipal eco
no
mist in
the D
epartm
ent o
f Ag
ricultu
re at a salary
of $
5,6
00 a y
ear, and in
cluded
in h
is speech
the C
om
munist
record of Gardner Jackson. Jackson w
ill be remem
bered as the same,
individual who in 1939 paid $110 for fraudulent letters w
hich sought to
discred
it the ch
airman
of th
is com
mittee. M
r. Jackso
n is still in
th
e Departm
ent of Agriculture.
On
March
28
, 19
42
, the ch
airman
wro
te a letter to th
e Ho
no
rable-
Hen
ry A
. Wallace, C
hairm
an o
f the B
oard
of E
con
om
ic Warfare,
and called
his atten
tion- to
the C
om
munist affiliatio
ns o
f eight o
f its em
plo
yees an
d m
ade p
articular referen
ce to o
ne M
aurice P
armelee,
prin
cipal eco
nom
ist at a salary o
f $5,6
00 a y
ear, who h
ad w
ritten
several books advocating the practice of nudism in A
merica. H
e also called
attentio
n to
the p
resence o
f C. H
artley G
rattan, eco
nom
ic• an
alyst o
f the B
ureau
of E
con
om
ic Warfare, at a salary
of $
5,6
00
a y
ear, wh
o h
ad w
ritten a fo
rewo
rd to
the n
oto
riou
s Germ
an W
hite-
Paper w
hich was circulated by the N
azi Governm
ent, and which sought
to p
lace the b
lame o
f the w
ar on
the U
nited
States. T
he fo
llow
ing.
week
, Mr. P
armelee w
as dism
issed fro
m th
e Board
of E
conom
ic W
arfare, and
Mr. G
rattan resig
ned
. In
the act, m
akin
g ap
pro
priatio
ns fo
r the D
epartm
ent o
f Justice.
for the fiscal y
ear 19
41
(Pu
blic L
aw N
o. 1
35
of th
e 77
th C
on
g., 1
st seas., approved June 28, 1941), there w
as contained a provision which
specified
that o
f the am
ount ap
pro
priated
for th
e use o
f the F
ederal
Bureau of Investigation—
at least $
10
0,0
00
shall b
e availab
le exclu
sively
to in
vestig
ate the em
plo
yees o
f ev
ery d
epartm
ent, ag
ency
, and
ind
epen
den
t establish
men
t of th
e Fed
eral Go
vern
-m
ent w
ho are m
embers o
f subversiv
e org
anizatio
ns o
r advocate th
e overth
row
of th
e Fed
eral Govern
men
t and rep
ort its fin
din
gs to
Congress.
Th
e Dep
artmen
t of Ju
stice sou
gh
t to h
ave th
is amen
dm
ent strick
en
from
the ap
pro
priatio
n b
ill when
it was b
efore th
e Sen
ate Fin
ance
Co
mm
ittee bu
t failed. O
n O
ctob
er 1'7
, 19
41
, Atto
rney
Gen
eral B
iddle w
rote th
e chairm
an o
f our co
mm
ittee a letter, in w
hich
he
stated—
I should
be p
leased to
receive fro
m y
ou an
y in
form
ation in
the p
ossessio
n o
f y
ou
r com
mittee o
r its inv
estigato
rs wh
ich b
ears up
on
the m
emb
ership
of an
y
emplo
yee o
f the F
ederal. G
overn
men
t in su
bversiv
e org
anizatio
ns, o
r such
em-
plo
yee's ad
vo
cacy o
f the o
verth
row
of th
e Go
vern
men
t of th
e Un
ited S
tates.
SP
EC
IAL
RE
PO
RT
ON
SU
BV
ER
SIV
E A
CT
IVIT
IES
7
Pu
rsuan
t to th
is request, th
e com
mittee, o
n O
ctober 1
7, sen
t to the A
ttorney Gen
eral the n
ames of 1,124 F
ederal G
overnm
ent em
-p
loyees wh
o w
ere mem
bers o
f org
anizatio
ns w
hich
th
is comm
ittee h
ad
fou
nd
to
be su
bversiv
e. These m
embersh
ip lists h
ad
been
ob
tained
largely
by
sub
pen
a and
had
been
iden
tified an
d au
then
ti-cated by the officials of th
e org
anizatio
n in
volv
ed. A
ll of th
e cam-
naittee's files w
ere imm
ediately
mad
e availab
le to th
e Atto
rney
G
eneral an
d h
is inv
estigato
rs wh
o w
ere charg
ed w
ith carry
ing
ou
t the m
andate of Congress as contained in this act.
On
Sep
temb
er 2, 1
94
2, A
ttorn
ey G
eneral B
idd
le laid b
efore th
e S
peak
er of th
e Ho
use h
is repo
rt on
the in
vestig
ation
called fo
r in
Public L
aw N
o. 135 of the Seventy-seventh C
ongress. The follow
ing day the chairm
an of our comm
ittee wrote a letter to the S
peaker of the H
ouse in which he said---
I am
com
pelle
d to
charg
e th
at th
e A
ttorn
ey G
enera
l has u
tterly
faile
d to
carry
ou
t the m
and
ate of th
e Co
ng
ress as exp
ressed in
Pu
blic L
aw N
o. 1
35
of
the S
even
ty-sev
enth
Co
ng
ress, Instead
of fu
lfilling
the m
and
ate of C
on
gress,
the A
ttorn
ey G
eneral h
as issued
a mean
ingless co
nglo
meratio
n o
f statistics set in
a framew
ork
of g
eneral co
nclu
sions w
hich
are either to
tally irrelev
ant to
the
Lim
es in
vo
lved
or d
an
gero
us to
the in
tern
al sa
fety
of th
is co
un
try a
s ap
plie
d
to em
plo
ym
ent in
the F
ederal G
overn
men
t.
Acco
rdin
g to
the A
ttorn
ey G
eneral's rep
ort, th
e first pro
cedure
adopted by his office in making this investigation w
as to forward all
complaints involving the subversive affiliations of a F
ederal employee
to th
e dep
artmen
tal head
con
cerned
. If he req
uested
an in
vesti-
gatio
n, th
e Fed
eral Bureau
of In
vestig
ation w
as then
auth
orized
to
mak
e such
an in
vestig
ation
and
file its repo
rt with
the d
epartm
ental
head
for w
hatev
er action h
e deem
ed n
ecessary. T
he A
ttorn
ey
Gen
eral, in h
is repo
rt to C
on
gress, h
ow
ever, ex
plain
ed th
at this
pro
cedu
re pro
ved
mo
st ineffectiv
e in th
at ou
t of 1
,59
7 co
mp
laints
received and forwarded to the departm
ental heads only 193 requests fo
r investig
ation w
ere return
ed. It w
as then
that th
e Atto
rney
G
eneral reported he had adopted the procedure of having. the Federal
Bureau
of In
vestigation in
vestig
ate all com
plain
ts received
. After
inv
estigatio
n, th
e Fed
eral Bu
reau o
f Inv
estigatio
n rep
ort w
as for-
warded w
ithout conclusions or recomm
endation to the departmental
head
for w
hatev
er action h
e mig
ht w
ish to
take. T
he A
ttorn
ey
Gen
eral also b
rou
gh
t ou
t in h
is repo
rt that, in
ord
er to fo
llow
this
pro
cedu
re, it was n
ecessary to
determ
ine w
hich
org
anizatio
ns w
ere su
bv
ersive. T
o d
etermin
e this h
e caused
to b
e set up
an in
ter-dep
artmen
tal com
mittee to
review
the ev
iden
ce again
st all org
ani-
zation
s con
cerned
and
then
to su
bm
it a mem
oran
du
m an
d fin
din
g
to th
e Atto
rney
Gen
eral wh
o in
turn
was to
transm
it it to th
e dep
art-m
ental h
eads to
serve as a g
uid
e for th
em in
con
siderin
g th
e cases w
hich would com
e before them.
This com
mittee's report is prim
arily concerned with the m
anner in w
hich
the A
ttorn
ey G
eneral d
ealt with
, or rath
er failed to
deal w
ith,
the 1,124 cases which w
ere submitted to him
by the comm
ittee at his req
uest. O
f the 1
,12
4 n
ames su
bm
itted, acco
rdin
g to
the A
ttorn
ey
General's report, the F
ederal Bureau of Investigation actually investi-
gated only 601 'eases. Of these 601, the A
ttorney General stated that
he h
ad receiv
ed rep
lies from
dep
artmen
tal head
s on o
nly
501 o
ut o
f th
e.601, an
d th
at action h
ad b
een tak
en in
only
3 cases-2
dism
issals an
d 1
discip
linary
action
. Th
e Atto
rney
Gen
eral did
no
t enlig
hten
th
e Co
ng
ress as to h
ow
man
y o
f the F
ederal em
plo
yees in
clud
ed in
8 S
PE
CIA
L R
EP
OR
T O
N S
UB
VE
RS
IVE
AC
TIV
ITIE
S
the o
rigin
al list of 1
,124 h
ad resig
ned
, or w
hat d
ispositio
n h
ad b
een
made of the 100 cases w
hich had not been heard from. O
n Septem
ber 24, 1
942, th
e chairm
an o
f this co
mm
ittee addressed
the H
ouse fo
r 2 hours at w
hich time he covered every phase of the A
ttorney General's
report an
d estab
lished
the fact th
at hun
dred
s of F
ederal em
plo
yees
wh
o w
ere on
the co
mm
ittee's list are still in th
e Go
vern
men
t service
even though they belong to organizations which the A
ttorney General
him
self has h
eld to
be su
bversiv
e. In a n
um
ber o
f cases these G
ov-
ernm
ent em
plo
yees b
elong to
3 o
r more su
ch o
rgan
izations. In
the
opinion of this comim
ttee, the Attorney G
eneral did not carry out the m
andate of Congress, w
hich was sim
ply that an investigation be made
and a report to Congress be filed, that w
ould show how
many F
ederal G
overnment em
ployees belonged to subversive organizations, know-
ingly or unknowingly, in order that the C
ongress might determ
ine for itself the extent of the inroads being m
ade by subversive groups into th
e Fed
eral service. T
his th
e Atto
rney
Gen
eral did
not d
o.
In the Chairm
an's speech of Septem
ber 24 he also presented to the H
ou
se the n
ames o
f 19
officials o
f the G
ov
ernm
ent, to
geth
er with
th
eir connectio
ns w
ith o
rgan
izations w
hich
the A
ttorn
ey G
eneral
him
self, accord
ing to
his o
wn m
emoran
dum
, had
found to
be su
b-
versiv
e. Yet, to
the co
mm
ittee's know
ledge, n
o actio
n h
as been
taken in the cases of the 19 officials.
III
Since the com
mittee's last report to the H
ouse on January 5, 1941, sev
en m
ajor su
bjects h
ave b
een co
vered
in o
ur in
vestig
ation
s, hear-
ings, and special reports: These investigations, hearings, and special
reports h
ave d
ealt more o
r less exhau
stively
with
the fo
llow
ing: (1
) T
he Am
erican Peace M
obilization; (2) sabotage strikes in our defense in
dustries; (3
) Japan
ese activities in
the U
nited
States; (4
) anti-
Sem
itic pro
pag
anda; (5
) the U
nio
n fo
r Dem
ocratic A
ction; (6
) the
Natio
nal F
ederatio
n fo
r Co
nstitu
tion
al Lib
erties; and
(7) th
e Ax
is F
ront movem
ent in. the United S
tates.
(1) T
HE
AM
ER
ICA
N P
EA
CE
MO
BIL
IZA
TIO
N
Th
e com
mittee em
plo
yed
two
inv
estigato
rs wh
ose fu
ll time w
as devoted to an exhaustive inquiry into the nature, aim
s, and activities of the A
merican P
eace Mobilization.
On M
ay 2
1, 1
941, a su
bco
mm
ittee of th
e com
mittee u
nder th
e chairm
anship of the Honorable Joe S
tarnes began public hearings on th
e Am
erican P
eace Mobilizatio
n. In
our in
vestig
ations an
d h
ear-ings on this organization, the follO
wing facts w
ere established: (a) T
he Am
erican Peace M
obilization was the direct successor of
the A
merican
Leag
ue fo
r Peace an
d D
emocracy
and w
as, like th
e latter o
rgan
ization, co
mpletely
under th
e contro
l of th
e Com
munist
Party
. (b) T
he A
merican
Peace M
obilizatio
n p
icketed
the W
hite H
ouse
for m
any
week
s prio
r to H
itler's inv
asion
of R
ussia, an
d, in
fact, m
aintain
ed th
at pick
et line rig
ht d
ow
n to
the v
ery d
ay o
f Hitler's
attack upon the Soviet U
nion. (c) T
he av
ow
ed o
bjects o
f the A
merican
Peace M
ob
ilization
's W
hite H
ouse p
icket lin
e were v
icious b
y ev
ery test o
f Am
erican
patriotism.
SP
EC
IAL
RE
PO
RT
ON
SE
BV
ER
SIV
E A
CT
IVIT
IES
(d) The A
merican P
eace Mobilization attem
pted to penetrate an influence the arm
ed forces of the United S
tates for clearly treasonabl purposes.
(e) Th
e Am
erican P
eace Mo
bilizatio
n o
pen
ly aid
ed an
d ab
ette w
idespread sabotage strikes in the most im
portant Am
erican defens industries, thereby seriously ham
pering our Nation's preparedness t
meet ju
st such
military
crises as that o
f Pearl H
arbor.
(f) The A
merican P
eace Mobilization denounced the P
resident a a w
armongering tool of W
all Street bankers and the w
hole Am
erica: defense program
as a Wall S
treet plot to aid British im
perialism.
(g) The A
merican
Peace M
obilizatio
n ech
oed
the C
om
munis
Party
's line th
at Great B
ritain w
as eng
aged
in an
imp
erialistic we
for her ow
n im
perialistic ends. (h) T
he A
merican
Peace M
obilizatio
n d
id all w
ithin
its pow
er t oppose our lend-lease aid to the nations w
hich were em
battled agains the A
xis Pow
ers. (i) T
he Am
erican Peace M
obilization denounced the conscriptio: of A
merican m
anpower as an invasion of civil liberties.
(j) T
he published propaganda of the Am
erican Peace M
obilizatio: w
as replete w
ith statem
ents w
hich
were d
eliberately
calculated
t sabotage the A
merican defense program
, the following being a typies
exam
ple o
f statemen
ts issued
over th
e nam
es of th
e org
anizatio
n'
leaders: B
ut ev
en if w
e do
n't ap
pro
ve o
f En
glan
d's w
ar, isn't h
er side still p
referabl
to H
itler's: and
isn't it b
etter to fig
ht an
d b
eat Hitler w
ith E
ng
land
than
with
ou
her?
No. A
n E
nglish
vic
tory
will re
sult in
the sa
me so
rt of im
peria
list, ant
dem
ocratic p
eace as will a N
azi victo
ry.
(k) Imm
ediately
after Hitler's in
vasio
n o
f Russia, th
e Am
erica] P
eace Mo
bilizatio
n ch
ang
ed its n
ame to
the A
merican
Peo
ple'
Mobilization, and reversed all of its form
er positions in exact accord once w
ith th
e chan
ges w
hich
Hitler's in
vasio
n o
f the S
oviet U
nio
n
occasioned in the line of the Com
munist P
arty.
(2) S
AB
OT
AG
E S
TR
IKE
S IN
OU
R D
EF
EN
SE
IND
US
TR
IES
In th
e early p
art of 1
941, a w
ave o
f sabotag
e strikes in
Am
erica] d
efense in
du
stries reached
its hig
hest p
oin
t. Fro
m th
e very
beg
in
fling of these strikes, this comm
ittee pointed out that these menacing
work
-stoppag
es were led
by k
now
n C
om
munists an
d th
at the C
orn
rau
nist P
arty's p
rogram
called fo
r just su
ch treaso
nab
le interferen
ce w
ith this country's military and industrial preparedness. T
he damagt
do
ne b
y th
ese strikes w
as incalcu
lable. In
every
instan
ce, the u
nio
n
involved in these interruptions of production was affiliated w
ith the C
ongress o
f Industrial O
rgan
izations. A
brief su
mm
ary o
f the m
on
seriou
s situatio
ns w
hich
the co
mm
ittee inv
estigated
is as follo
ws:
(a) .Allis-C
halmers.---O
ne of th
e mo
st dam
agin
g o
f the sab
otag
e strik
es was th
at at the A
llis-Chalm
ers plan
t in M
ilwau
kee w
ind
lasted fo
r man
y w
eeks. T
he strik
e was co
nducted
by th
e Unite(
Autom
obile Workers of A
merica, w
hose leader at the plant was H
arolc C
hristo
ffel. Th
e com
mittee's in
vestig
ation
left no
do
ub
t abo
u-
Ch
ristoffel's C
om
mu
nist affiliatio
ns. A
mo
ng
oth
er Co
mm
un
ist con
nections, he w
as one of the leaders of the Am
erican Peace M
obiliza tio
n an
d o
f the N
ational F
ederatio
n fo
r Constitu
tional L
iberties.
10
SPE
CIA
L R
EP
OR
T O
N SU
BV
ER
SIVE
AC
TIV
ITIE
S SP
EC
IAL
RE
PO
RT
ON
SUB
VE
RSIV
E A
CT
IVIT
IES
11
(b) Harvill.—
The com
mittee m
ade a thorough investigation of the strik
e leadersh
ip at th
e Harv
ill plan
t in L
os A
ng
eles, Calif. T
here
the strik
ing u
nio
n w
as the N
ational A
ssociatio
n o
f Die C
asters, and
the lead
er of th
e strike w
as Ken
neth
Eggert. A
lthough E
ggert
slipp
ed in
to C
aliforn
ia un
der an
alias for th
e pu
rpo
se of ty
ing
up
the
Harv
ill plan
t, the co
mm
ittee pro
mptly
iden
tified h
im an
d ex
posed
him
as Kenneth E
ggert, former C
omm
unist Party secretary in T
oledo, O
hio. (c) V
ultee.—T
he comm
ittee exposed the Com
munist leadership of
the d
isastrous w
ork
stoppag
e at the V
ultee aircraft p
lant in
Los
Angeles, C
alif. The u
nio
n in
volv
ed w
as the U
nited
. Auto
mobile
Work
ers of A
merica, an
d am
ong th
e more im
portan
t Com
munist
leaders o
f the strik
e was W
yn
dh
am M
ortim
er. (d) International H
arvester.—F
or weeks, the International H
arvester plan
t at Chicag
o w
as tied u
p b
y th
e Farm
Equip
men
t Org
anizin
g
Co
mm
ittee un
der th
e leadersh
ip o
f Gran
t Oak
es wh
ose C
om
mu
nist
record
inclu
ded p
rom
inent a
ctiv
ity ' in
the A
meric
an P
eace
Mo
biliz
atio
n. •
(e) Alu
min
um
-1n A
pril 1
941, th
e Natio
nal A
ssociatio
n. o
f Die
Casters tied up the plants of the A
luminum
Co. of A
merica in C
leve-lan
d, O
hio
. Th
e com
mittee's in
vestig
ation
s turn
ed u
p th
e fact that
Alex
Balin
t, leader o
f the strik
e, was an
alien, an
ex-co
nvict, an
d an
o
ld-tim
e Co
mm
un
ist Party
mem
ber w
ho
had u
sed th
e nam
e "Al
Barry
." (f) N
orth Am
erican.—T
he strike at th
e No
rth A
merican
Av
iation
in
Ing
lewo
od
, Calif., led
to an
ord
er by
the P
residen
t for th
e Un
ited
States A
rmy
to tak
e over th
e plan
t. In th
is instan
ce also, th
e com
-m
ittee established the fact that the strike leadership was C
omm
unist. T
he president of the local of the United A
utomobile W
orkEirs w
hich co
nd
ucted
the strik
e was E
lmer
J. F
reitag. F
reitag v
ehem
ently
denied all C
omm
unist connections until confronted with indisputable
docu
men
tary ev
iden
ce in th
e com
mittee's p
ossessio
n.
(g) New
York T
ransport.—In M
arch 1
941, th
e Tran
sport W
ork
ers' U
nio
n called
a strike w
hich
seriously
interru
pted
the facilities o
f the
transp
ortatio
n sy
stem in
New
York
City
. The co
mm
ittee publish
ed
a special rep
ort, k
no
wn as ap
pen
dix
V, w
hich
establish
ed th
e far-reaching C
omm
unist control of the Transport W
orkers' Union under
the lead
ership
of M
ichael J. Q
uill.
(h) Lum
ber.—T
he International Wood W
orkers of Am
erica called and continued a disastrous strike in the lum
ber industry in defiance of govern
men
tal agen
cies. The u
nio
n's lead
er, 0. M
. Orto
n, w
as ex-posed
by th
e com
mittee as a C
om
munist w
ho o
ccupied
a place o
f forem
ost leadership in the Am
erican Peace M
obilization. (i)
Trona.—
The M
ine, Mill, and S
melter W
orkers' Union, headed
by Reid R
obinson, brought about a particularly serious work stoppage
at Tro
na, C
alif. Th
e com
mittee's in
vestig
ation
clearly estab
lished
th
e fact of th
e Com
munist m
otiv
es and lead
ership
of th
e strike.
Reid R
obinson was vice president of the A
merican P
eace Mobilization.
(3} JA
PA
NE
SE
AC
TIV
ITIE
S IN
TH
E U
NIT
ED
ST
AT
ES
In February 1942, the com
mittee published a special report, know
n as appendix part V
I, which dealt com
prehensively with the subversive
activities o
f the Jap
anese in
the U
nited
States. F
or m
ore th
an a y
ear
the comm
ittee had employed special investigators to m
ake a thorough study and investigation of the Japanese w
ho were living on our w
est coast.
Am
ong th
e com
mittee's fin
din
gs, p
rior to
Pearl H
arbor, w
ere the
following:
(a) The Japanese had a m
ap showing in great detail the fleet posi-
tions an
d b
attle form
ations o
f the U
nited
States N
avy aro
und P
earl H
arbo
r. Th
is map
also in
clud
ed v
ital military
info
rmatio
n o
n th
e P
anama C
anal, Alaska, and the P
hilippine Islands. (b) T
he Japanese were in possession of the m
ost detailed information
concerning all the naval craft of the United S
tates. (c) A
form
er attaché o
f the Jap
anese co
nsu
late in H
on
olu
lu w
as p
repared
to testify
that an
elabo
rately o
rgan
ized fifth
colu
mn
of
Japanese was being drilled for collaboration w
ith the armed forces of
Japan
when
the latter sh
ould
attack P
earl Harb
or.
(d) Th
e Japan
ese Go
vern
men
t was u
sing
fron
t org
anizatio
ns in
this country for the com
piling of an elaborate census of Japanese who
were residing in the U
nited States.
(e) Japanese fishing vessels on our west coast, as w
ell as in Haw
aii an
d th
e Philip
pin
e Islands, w
ere an im
portan
t arm o
f espio
nag
e for
the Jap
anese N
avy
. U
) A police officer on T
erminal Island in L
os Angeles H
arbor was
prepared to testify that numerous conferences had been held betw
een officers of the Im
perial Japanese Navy and Japanese residents on the
island. (g) Jap
anese-lan
gu
age sch
oo
ls in C
aliforn
ia and
in H
awaii w
ere inculcating traitorous attitudes tow
ard the United S
tates in the minds
of Am
erican-born Japanese. (h) Jap
anese civ
ic org
anizatio
ns in
the U
nited
States, su
ch as
the C
entral Jap
anese A
ssociatio
n, w
ere loudly
preten
din
g th
eir loyalty to the U
nited States G
overnment w
hile surreptitiously serving the deified E
mperor of Japan.
(i) Japan
ese civic o
rgan
izations w
ere collectin
g fu
nds in
this
country which they w
ere sending to Japan for the Em
pire's war chest
to be used for purchasing bombers.
(j) In C
aliforn
ia, there w
ere Japan
ese veteran
s' org
anizatio
ns
com
posed
of m
en w
ith m
ilitary train
ing an
d ex
perien
ce who v
ow
ed
allegiance only to the Japanese Em
peror whether they w
ere•Am
erican-or Japanese-born.
(k) Japanese treaty merchants, abusing the hospitality of the U
nited S
tates and using their merchant status as a subterfuge, w
ere engaged in espionage activities for the Japanese G
overnment.
(1) Japanese in California w
ere occupying large tracts of lands which
were m
ilitarily but not agriculturally useful. (m
) Man
y Jap
anese h
ad tak
en u
p resid
ence ad
jacent to
hig
hly
im
portant defense plants. (n) H
aving failed through diplomatic channels to obtain im
portant in
form
ation co
ncern
ing th
e water-su
pply
system
and o
ther p
ublic
utility services of Los A
ngeles, Japanese had obtained employm
ent in th
ese places w
here th
ey w
ere in p
ositio
ns to
do in
calculab
le fifth-
column dam
age. (o) Japanese espionage agents had obtained detailed inform
ation on th
e locatio
n o
f Califo
rnia's airp
orts an
d w
ere in p
ossessio
n o
f aerial photographs of every im
portant city on our west coast as w
ell as of the vital G
atlin lo
cks in
the P
anam
a (anal.
4
12
SP
EC
IAL
. RE
PO
RT
ON
SUB
VE
RSIV
E A
CT
IVIT
IES
A d
irect result of th
e comm
ittee's report on
Japan
ese sub
versive activities in
this cou
ntry w
as the rem
oval of the Jap
anese p
opu
lation
from vital w
est-coast areas.
(4) AN
TI-SEMITIC
PRO
PAG
AN
DA
In -Jan
uary 1942, th
is comm
ittee brou
ght a score of w
itnesses to
Wash
ington
for a prob
e into th
eir alleged an
ti-Sem
itic activities. A
ll of these w
itnesses w
ere heard
by th
e comm
ittee in execu
tive ses-sion
. Th
e character of th
e testimon
y given w
as, by an
d large, of su
ch
extreme an
d fan
atical tenor th
at in th
e opin
ion of th
is comm
ittee no
good p
urp
ose could
have b
een served
by tak
ing it in public.
This com
mittee has held from
its very beginning that antiracial and an
tireligious p
ropagan
da is u
n-A
merican
per se. It h
as always b
een
so, and
it may b
e said to h
ave a particu
larly vicious form
of un
-A
merican
ism in
this p
eriod w
hen
one of th
e chief ch
aracteristics of th
e Axis P
owers h
as been
the d
issemin
ation an
d p
ractice of anti-
racial hatred. T
he b
earings in
executive session
last Janu
ary were a con
tinu
ation
of the com
mittee's in
vestigations in
to antiracial h
atreds, w
hich
from
the very first day of the comm
ittee's life down to the present have been
concentrated upon such un-Am
erican propagandists as William
Dudley
Pelley an
d h
is ilk. (5) U
NIO
N FO
R D
EMO
CR
ATIC
AC
TION
In June,
19
42
, this com
mittee p
ub
lished
a special rep
ort to the
Hou
se on th
e Un
ion for D
emocratic A
ction. T
he U
nion
is one of a
considerable number of agencies w
hich form a w
idespread movem
ent in
this cou
ntry look
ing tow
ard th
e discred
iting of th
e legislative branch of governm
ent. T
he U
nion
for Dem
ocratic Action
, in con
jun
ction w
ith th
e New
R
epublic, circulated something like a m
illion copies of an elaborately p
repared
smear-C
ongress b
ulletin
. It will p
robab
ly be con
ceded
in
all qu
arters that th
is comm
ittee's exposu
re of the aim
s and
activities of th
e Un
ion for D
emocratic A
ction w
ent far tow
ard n
ullifyin
g its effectiveness in the recent political cam
paign. S
ince th
e pu
blication
of ou
r repo
rt on th
e Un
ion for D
emocratic
Action
last Jun
e, the com
mittee h
as come in
to possession
of a large am
oun
t of eviden
ce wh
ich w
ill—w
hen
and
if pu
blish
ed—
constitu
te a final exposure of that organization as an un-A
merican sham
.
(6) NA
TION
AL FED
ERA
TION
FOR
CO
NSTITU
TION
AL LIBER
TIES
Du
ring th
e past year, th
e comm
ittee mad
e an exten
sive investiga-
tion in
to the n
ature an
d activities of th
e Nation
al Fed
eration for
Constitutional L
iberties. T
he com
mittee fou
nd
that to a very large exten
t the p
ersons w
ho
were gu
ilty of the treason
able con
du
ct un
der th
e ausp
ices -of the-
Am
erican P
eace Mob
ilization, w
hich
has b
een d
escribed
in section
(1) ab
ove, are today th
e very same P
ersons w
ho con
stitute th
e Na-
tional F
ederation
for Con
stitution
al Lib
erties. Th
e comm
ittee foun
d,
for examp
le, that 52 of th
e leadin
g figures in
the p
resent N
ational
Federation for C
onstitutional Liberties w
ere also among the outstand-
ing leaders in the Am
erican Peace M
obilization.
SPECIA
L REPO
RT O
N SU
BVER
SIVE A
CTIV
ITIES
On Septem
ber 24
, 19
42
the chairm
an of. this comm
ittee deliver&
a 2-hou
r add
ress to the h
ouse in
wh
ich h
e outlin
ed in
detail th
e na
ture, aims, and activities of the N
ational Federation for C
onstitutiona L
iberties.
(7) TH
E A
XIS FR
ON
T M
OVEM
ENT IN TH
E U
NIT
ED
STATES
For several m
onth
s, the com
mittee h
as been
prep
aring a com
pre
hen
sive report on
the A
xis Fron
t movem
ent in
this cou
ntry.
Th
is report covers th
e activities and
prop
agand
a of 298 organize
tions an
d several th
ousan
d in
divid
ual lead
ers• wh
o were con
necter
with
these organ
izations. In
the m
ain, th
e comm
ittee foun
d th
e fol low
ing broad types of Axis agents and propagandists in this country
(a) Organ
izations an
d in
divid
uals k
now
n to h
ave been
finan
ced ii
wh
ole or in p
art from N
azi Germ
any; (b) organizations ow
ing com-
plete allegian
ce to the E
mp
eror of Japan
; (c) organizations w
hirl h
ave been
carrying on
Mu
ssolini's F
ascist prop
agand
a amon
g du
Italians and Italian-A
mericans in this country; (d
) organizations com
posed
prim
arily of Germ
an n
ationals
, and Am
ericans of Germ
an de• scen
t wh
ich w
ere distin
ctly pro-N
azi in th
eir activities and
prop
a, gan
da; an
d (e) native F
ascist groups having both antiracial and pro-N
azi characteristics. In
May 1941, th
is comm
ittee pu
blish
ed a sp
ecial report, k
now
s as ap
pen
dix p
art IV, on
the G
erman
Am
erican B
un
d. T
his rep
ot.• con
sisted largely of origin
al docu
men
ts taken
from th
e person
a effects of G
. Wilh
elm K
un
ze, nation
al fueh
rer of the b
un
d, w
hirl
finally exp
osed th
e bu
nd
as a dan
gerous N
azi front organ
ized aIon
E
military lin
es. Th
is report w
as used by the prosecution in the recent trial and conviction of K
unze and his bund associates. It is u
nnecessary
at this tim
e to g
ive a len
gthy en
um
eration
all the cases where the G
overnment has successfully prosecuted agenU
of th
e Axis P
owers on
the b
asis of clues an
d d
ocum
entary evid
ent(
provid
ed b
y this com
mittee. A
few exam
ples, h
owever, w
ill ind
icatf th
e imp
ortance of th
e investigation
s wh
ich th
e comm
ittee has m
ath
in th
is field an
d th
e man
ner in
wh
ich th
e prosecu
ting au
thorities
have b
een d
epen
den
t up
on th
e comm
ittee's work
. Au
hagen
, Zap
p
and
Ton
n w
ere convicted
on th
e basis of d
ocum
entary evid
encE
tu
rned
over by th
is comm
ittee to the D
epartm
ent of Ju
stice. Ralp
l: T
own
send
, recently con
victed as a Jap
anese agen
t, was first exp
oser as su
ch b
y this com
mittee in
Au
gust, 1939. S
everal hu
nd
red caseE
of denaturalization of G
ermans have been brought before the court
as a result of th
e exposu
res mad
e by th
is comm
ittee. Am
ong th
ese d
enatu
ralization cases are th
ose of Man
s Ack
erman
n, h
is wife, an
d
his w
ife's broth
er wh
ose trials are sched
uled
for Janu
ary in A
ustin
, T
ex., and
all of wh
om w
ere exposed
as pro-N
azi prop
agand
ists by
this comm
ittee in August, 1940.
MA
RT
IN D
IES, C
hairman.
JOE STA
RN
ES. J. PA
RN
ELL THO
MA
S. N
OA
H M
. MA
SON
.
SP
EC
IAL
RE
PO
RT
ON
SU
BV
ER
SIV
E
AC
TIV
ITIE
S
1.1
MIN
OR
ITY
VIE
WS
It is im
po
ssible fo
r me to
giv
e un
qu
alified ap
pro
val to
the A
nn
ual
Report of the C
omm
ittee on Un-A
merican A
ctivities for the Year 1942.
This is the first tim
e I have taken such a position on an annual report since I have been a m
ember of the com
mittee, having heretofore signed
each an
nu
al_ rep
ort. M
y reaso
ns fo
r dissen
ting
from
certain asp
ects of the m
ajority report on this occasion are as follows:
1. T
here h
as been
no o
pportu
nity
for d
iscussio
n o
r amen
dm
ent o
f th
e repo
rt or fo
r com
mittee m
emb
ers to d
o an
y w
ork
up
on
it. No
m
eeting has been held for its consideration. The report w
as presented to
mem
bers o
n a "tak
e it or leav
e it" basis. It is, in
my
jud
gm
ent,
wro
ng fo
r such
a docu
men
t as an an
nual rep
ort o
f this co
mm
ittee to
be treated
in th
is man
ner, p
articularly
at the p
resent tim
e. 2
. Beyond this I have one m
ajor point and several of lesser import-
ance which I am
impelled to m
ake. The m
ajor reason for my dissent
is this. A
merica is at w
ar again
st Germ
any
, Japan
, and
Italy. T
he
very existence of freedom, dem
ocratic government, and all A
merica
has sto
od fo
r hin
ges u
pon th
e outco
me o
f that w
ar. It is perfectly
clear to m
e that under circumstances of this sort, the prim
ary task of a com
mittee on un-A
merican activities, is the exposure of the activities
and
pro
pag
and
a of fo
rces friend
ly to
enem
y co
un
tries and
of g
rou
ps
in th
is country
who w
itting, o
r unw
ittingly
pro
mote th
eir cause. In
speaking in the H
ouse on March 11, 1942, in favor of continuance of
the comm
ittee, I made the follow
ing statement:
In m
y ju
dgm
ent th
e futu
re, of th
e com
mittee sh
ou
ld b
e dev
oted
primarily an
d
with
every
bit o
f majo
r emphasis at its co
mm
and to
the d
oin
g o
f a job o
f exposin
g
and
com
batin
g th
e wo
rk o
f peo
ple w
ho
attemp
t to create co
nfu
sion
in o
ur co
un
try
and to
build
up sy
mpath
y w
ith th
e Nazi p
hilo
sophy o
f govern
men
t. Thus th
ey
seek to
weak
en A
merica's w
ar effort. I b
elieve th
e whole effo
rt of th
e com
mittee
will stan
d o
r fall on
the b
asis of h
ow
well it d
oes th
at job
.
That w
as my position then and it is m
y position now.
This annual report should, in m
y judgment, have consisted in large
part at least of guidance to the Am
erican people as to how they m
ight id
entify
, avoid
, and co
mbat th
e pro
pag
anda an
d activ
ities of ag
ents
and friends of enemy nations of the U
nited States in the current w
ar. F
or all will agree I am
sure that it is the primary duty of any govern-
men
tal gro
up to
contrib
ute to
the m
axim
um
possib
le exten
t to th
e w
innin
g o
f that w
ar. I believ
e these th
ings sh
ould
hav
e constitu
ted,
but unfortunately do not constitute, the major em
phasis of this annual report.
It is time th
at with
in th
e past co
up
le of m
on
ths co
nsid
erable w
ork
has been done, at the request of the chairm
an, by myself and m
embers
of th
e com
mittee staff, o
n a rep
ort o
n o
rgan
izations an
d in
div
iduals
carryin
g o
n p
rop
agan
da an
d o
ther activ
ities favo
rable to
the A
xis
cause and the Axis philosophy of governm
ent. That report has not yet
been approved by the comm
ittee and there appears to be some doubt
even
that it w
ill 'be ap
pro
ved
. In an
y case m
ost o
f the m
aterial upon
which
it is based
has b
een in
the co
mm
ittee's possessio
n fo
r month
s an
d su
ch a rep
ort sh
ou
ld h
ave b
een issu
ed lo
ng
ago
. Th
is reason
(N
o. 2) is the weightiest reason by far for m
y dissent from the m
ajority rep
ort. 14
Th
ere are, ho
wev
er, oth
er con
sideratib
ns as w
ell wh
ich h
ay
prompted m
y. action. 3
. Much
of th
e material co
ntain
ed in
this rep
ort b
earing u
pon th
questio
n o
f alleged
"Com
munist 'affiliatio
ns" o
f certain in
div
idual
deals n
ot w
ith m
atters up
on
wh
ich th
ere was an
y co
mm
ittee actio:
whatso
ever, b
ut o
nly
indiv
idual actio
n tak
en b
y th
e chairm
an. 0
: at least tw
o o
ccasion
s, no
tably
the o
ne affectin
g em
plo
yees o
f th
Bo
ard o
f Eco
no
mic W
arfare, wh
en I p
rotested
that th
e com
mitte
had given no consideration to the charges.made, the point w
as mad
in rep
ly th
at this w
as the ch
airman
's perso
nal actio
n an
d th
e com
m
ittee was n
ot in
vo
lved
. An
d y
et such
material ap
pears h
ere in a:
ann
ual rep
ort o
f the co
mm
ittee as a whole. In
my o
pin
ion it h
as n
place there. 4. W
ith the general position of the majority of this C
omm
ittee the C
om
munists sh
ould
not b
e emplo
yed
by o
ur G
overn
men
t, I am c
course in
full ag
reemen
t. I no m
ore b
elieve a C
om
munist sh
ould
b
so employed than I do that a sym
pathizer with the A
xis cause shoull b
e so em
plo
yed
. I am also
in ag
reemen
t that w
here th
e head
of ai
agen
cy h
as requested
a report fro
nt th
e Civ
il Serv
ice Com
missim
and w
here that report has recomm
ended the dismissal of an em
ployee the recom
mendation of the C
omm
ission should be followed.
Th
e qu
estion
is no
t, ho
wev
er, wh
ether C
om
mu
nists o
r Fascist:
sho
uld
be em
plo
yed
by
the G
ov
ernm
ent, b
ut w
heth
er ind
ivid
uals i
question really are "subversive" on the one hand or whether they ar
simply people w
hose views don't agree w
ith the majority on the othe
han
d. T
here is at p
resent all to
o m
uch
tenden
cy in
Am
erica fo
so-called "left-wingers" to shout "F
ascist" at every conservative wh
holds an important position in the W
ar Production B
oard, for example
and fo
r "right-w
ingers" to
shout "C
om
munist" at lib
erals or p
ro
gressiv
es wh
o h
old
po
sition
s in so
me d
epartm
ent o
r agen
cy. T
hi
sort o
f thin
g is d
oin
g A
merica n
o g
ood. In
som
e respects it is p
osi
tively
dan
gero
us. F
or it asso
ciates in th
e pu
blic m
ind
the w
ord
"F
ascist" and "C
om
munist," n
ot w
ith th
ose to
whom
they
ca: pro
perly
and accu
rately b
e applied
but w
ith p
ersons w
hose p
atrioti
devotion to Am
erica and her basic institutions cannot be questioned w
hatev
er the feelin
g o
f their p
olitical o
pp
on
ents to
ward
their p
m
titular views on particular subjects m
ay be. T
here is n
o d
oubt th
at Com
munists d
id u
se as "fronts" th
e fou
org
anizatio
ns fro
m w
hich
the co
mm
ittee com
piled
the list o
f 1,1
2.
Federal em
ployees concerning which so m
uch has been made and t■
which
this rep
ort ag
ain refers. B
ut th
e annual rep
ort is in
accurat,
when it states that "these m
embership lists had been obtained target
by subpena and had been identified by the officials of the organization. in
vo
lved
." Fo
r at least in th
e case of th
e Wash
ing
ton
Co
mm
itte, fo
r Dem
ocratic actio
n m
y in
form
ation is th
at the list w
as obtainer in
toto
by
the co
mm
ittee from
a no
n-F
ederal ag
ency
and
that m
id
entificatio
n o
r auth
enticatio
n w
as mad
e. An
d I am
certain in
in:
ow
n m
ind
that it w
as no
thin
g m
ore n
or less th
an a m
ailing
list T
herefore the fact that a person's name w
as carried on its list by on of th
ese org
anizatio
ns seem
s to m
e to co
nstitu
te no su
bstan
tial evi
dente of "subversive" activity, especially since in many instances th
perso
n's n
ame w
as inclu
ded
with
ou
t any
action
on
his p
art or ev
es w
ithout h
is know
ledge. F
or th
ese reasons it is n
ot su
rprisin
g to
m
that in
vestig
ation b
y th
e Dep
artmen
t of Ju
stice failed to
disclo
s th
at there w
as any
sub
stantial ev
iden
ce of "su
bv
ersive" activ
ity o.
