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Understanding Videoconferencing
A Plumber’s Guide
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Bandwidth : What is it?
• The “pipe” that carries electronic info.
• Can come via a phone line, cable TV line, wireless transmission, or fiber-optic cable.
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The way it works!
• Every data request requires movement of electronic information.
•“Surfing the web” requires bandwidth, the size/speed of which helps determine how fast you get to the page.
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The way it works! (part 2)
Streaming video -15 - 30 pictures and audio EVERY SECOND. Thus a larger pipe is needed.
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The way it works! (part 3)
Two way interactive video - double request of streaming video. 15 - 30 pictures per second PLUS audio in BOTH directions independent of each other!
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So what’s all this about a
plumber?
• Information - water in the tank of a toilet!
•Click on a Web link - that’s like flushing the toilet.
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When you flush, the speed at which the water moves is dependent on several factors, but the primary one is the size of the pipe that is connected to it.
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Here’s where it gets interesting
• If you tried to flush the toilet through a 5/8” water supply line (like the one that connects to your kitchen faucet), it would take a LONG time, and it would back up.
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• That’s what’s happening when your kids try to download a music video on your home computer over a 56K modem connected to a regular phone line.
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Here’s the concept
The way to prevent the backup is to attach a bigger drain pipe. The bigger the pipe, the more information can flow through.
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When the pipe is the proper size, the information flows freely. The more information you request, the bigger the pipe you need. Different kinds of information are different sizes.
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Data Types and Relative Sizes (not to scale)
Text - small, faucet feed sized pipe required (2.4Kb/s)
Pix and Graphics - med.-sized pipe required (56Kb/s)Audio files - sewer line sized pipe required (56 - 384Kbs)Video files (moving pictures & audio)- Sluice pipe sized pipe required (384-45,000Kb/s)
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Understand that every internet connected computer has its own pipe that may vary in size, AND that a connection over the internet may pass through several pipes on the way to getting the data from where it resides to the requestor.
Here’s The Tricky Part
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So what???
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Types of Interactive Video
IPISDN
Broadband
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IP Videoconferencing
• IP - Internet Protocol - Videoconferencing over the Internet
• Once internet access is paid for, NO ADDED COST - potentially the least expensive option
• Think “video phone”
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High fault tolerance & reliability, low speed and
predictability
• The Internet began as a military network, ARAPNET, designed to survive a nuclear attack. It was designed to be ultra-reliable, and nearly indestructible. Speed was never an issue, early on.
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ISDN
•Integrated Services Digital Network - High Speed Phone Line
•“Video modem”
•Moderately priced, secure, flexible open network
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Broadband Interactive Video
• High Quality
• High Reliability
• High Price
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3 separate networks to do the same thing!
ISDN
IP
Broadband
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BOCES’ Role- What do we do?
•Technical support•Coordination •Training
•Daily classes to expand educational offerings•Virtual Field Trips to places around the globe•Staff Development - opportunities for increased efficiencies and new ways to unite teachers around the region