UBAFederal Environment AgencyAustria
DFIUFrench-German Institute for Environmental ResearchUniversity of Karlsruhe
Assessment of the Air Emissions Assessment of the Air Emissions
Impact of Emerging TechnologiesImpact of Emerging Technologies
Task Force on Integrated Assessment ModellingTask Force on Integrated Assessment Modelling
(29(29thth meeting) meeting)
Michael BallMichael Ball
DFIU/IFAREDFIU/IFARE
Amiens, 10 – 12 May, 2004
UBAFederal Environment AgencyAustria
DFIUFrench-German Institute for Environmental ResearchUniversity of Karlsruhe
General scope:
• provide information for extension of RAINS and for future policy measures in EU
Tasks
• identification of main pollutant-sector combinations
• techno-economic characterisation of emerging technologies (benefits, costs)
• development of scenarios to assess the impact of emerging technologies
until 2030
• identification of drivers and barriers for diffusion, e.g. technical problems
• recommendations for measures to promote diffusion, e.g. via research programs
Duration: 8 months (until beginning of August)
Event: workshop on 28th and 29th of June in Brussels to discuss results
Scope and Tasks
UBAFederal Environment AgencyAustria
DFIUFrench-German Institute for Environmental ResearchUniversity of Karlsruhe
Project consortium
• French-German Institute for Environmental Research (DFIU)
• Federal Environment Agency Austria
• partners: CITEPA, ITA
Focus: technologies that are
• beyond Best Available Techniques (BAT) (emerging), e.g. pilot plants
• with relevance for reduction of air pollution and greenhouse gases
(PM, NOx, VOC, SO2, CO2) in EU25 until 2030
• process integrated or end-of-pipe
• both emerging technologies and emerging applications of existent technologies
Organization and Focus
UBAFederal Environment AgencyAustria
DFIUFrench-German Institute for Environmental ResearchUniversity of Karlsruhe
Work Packages
Work Packages:
• WP 1: Analysis of emissions from selected sectors
• WP 2: Identification and description of promising emerging technologies
• WP 3: Development of scenarios (2005, 2010, ..., 2030)
• WP 4: Workshop
• WP 5: Concluding analysis
UBAFederal Environment AgencyAustria
DFIUFrench-German Institute for Environmental ResearchUniversity of Karlsruhe
WP 1:Analysis of Emissions from
Selected Sectors
UBAFederal Environment AgencyAustria
DFIUFrench-German Institute for Environmental ResearchUniversity of Karlsruhe
Source: RAINS(after bilateral consultations)
PM
2.5
UBAFederal Environment AgencyAustria
DFIUFrench-German Institute for Environmental ResearchUniversity of Karlsruhe
0 500 1000 1500
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
EU15
PM2.5
emissions in [kt/a]
0 500 1000
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
NM10
PM2.5
emissions in [kt/a]
PPINDOMCON_COMBPR_STEELPR_ALPR_OT_NFMEPR_CEMLIMEBRIQPR_GLASSPR_REFFERTPROPR_NIACSUACPR_CBLACKPR_PULPIND_OTHSTHMINEAGRTRAOTH
Source: RAINS(after bilateral consultations)
UBAFederal Environment AgencyAustria
DFIUFrench-German Institute for Environmental ResearchUniversity of Karlsruhe
PP:_13%
IN:_9%
DOM:_9%
PR_CEMLIMEBRIQ:_6%
TRA:_55%
NOx
PP:_38%
IN:_11%
DOM:_9%
TRA:_32%
PP:_27%
IN:_13%
DOM:_7% CON_COMB:_13%
PR_CEMLIMEBRIQ:_5%
PR_REF:_8%
PR_NIACSUAC:_5%
TRA:_8%OTH:_4%
SO2
PP:_58%
IN:_15%
DOM:_8%
CON_COMB:_7%
PR_CEMLIMEBRIQ:_3%
EU15(2015)
NM10(2015)
Sector view: 90 % of total emissionsSector view: 90 % of total emissions
Source: RAINS(after bilateral consultations)
UBAFederal Environment AgencyAustria
DFIUFrench-German Institute for Environmental ResearchUniversity of Karlsruhe
PP:_4%
DOM:12%
PR STEEL:11%
IND_OTH:_6%
STH:_6%
AGR:_15%
TRA:_32%
OTH:_6%
TSP
PP:_14%
DOM:_26%
PR_STEEL:_4% IND_OTH:_5%
STH:_7%
AGR:_16%
TRA:_17%
OTH:_3%
PP:_5%
DOM:_32%
PR_STEEL:_8% PR_CEMLIMEBRIQ:_6%
AGR:_7%
TRA:_24%
OTH:_8%
PM2.5
PP:_17%
DOM:_46%PR_CEMLIMEBRIQ:_3%
AGR:_13%
TRA:_9%OTH:_4%
EU15(2015)
NM10(2015)
Sector view: 90 % of total emissionsSector view: 90 % of total emissions
Source: RAINS(after bilateral consultations)
UBAFederal Environment AgencyAustria
DFIUFrench-German Institute for Environmental ResearchUniversity of Karlsruhe
Priority sectors and pollutantsPriority sectors and pollutants
NOx SO2 PM CO2 VOC … Combustion (Power plants, Industry) X X X X Small scale combustion (domestic) X X X X Cement X X X X Refineries X X Sulfuric acid X Steel X X Others x x x x Agriculture X Transport X X X X VOC sectors X
UBAFederal Environment AgencyAustria
DFIUFrench-German Institute for Environmental ResearchUniversity of Karlsruhe
WP 2:Identification and Description
of Promising Emerging Technologies
UBAFederal Environment AgencyAustria
DFIUFrench-German Institute for Environmental ResearchUniversity of Karlsruhe
Literature review
BREF documents
Experts Questionnaire (400 questionnaires sent out, relatively low response rate up to
now)
Methodology for data collectionMethodology for data collection
Question: Which are the most promising technologies ?
UBAFederal Environment AgencyAustria
DFIUFrench-German Institute for Environmental ResearchUniversity of Karlsruhe
New types of installations/processes substitution of existing installations/processes
• Steel/Pig iron production: Direct reduction, Smelting reduction (no more coke/sinter plants)
• Aluminium production: Inert anodes
• Heat and power generation: Stationary Fuel Cells (PEMFC, SOFC), Hydrogen
• etc.
Types of emerging technologies (I)Types of emerging technologies (I)
UBAFederal Environment AgencyAustria
DFIUFrench-German Institute for Environmental ResearchUniversity of Karlsruhe
Emerging applications of control technologies
• SCR for cement production• more hoods/enclosures for fugitive emissions from e.g. material handling, storage and transport cement, copper production • etc.
Emerging end-of-pipe technologies
• Plasma technology for VOC decomposition• Biological off-gas cleaning for VOC’s• etc.
Types of emerging technologies (II)Types of emerging technologies (II)
UBAFederal Environment AgencyAustria
DFIUFrench-German Institute for Environmental ResearchUniversity of Karlsruhe
WP 3:Development of Scenarios
UBAFederal Environment AgencyAustria
DFIUFrench-German Institute for Environmental ResearchUniversity of Karlsruhe
Pig iron production
• Blast furnace• Direct reduction (no more coke plants)
• Smelting reduction (no more coke/sinter plants)
Considered pollutant: CO2
• Blast furnace (BF): 1912 t CO2/t product• Coke plant: 1536 t CO2/t product• Sinter plant: 199 t CO2/t product• Direct reduction (DR): 610 t CO2/t product• Smelting reduction (SR): 2604 t CO2/t product
Example: Pig iron productionExample: Pig iron production
UBAFederal Environment AgencyAustria
DFIUFrench-German Institute for Environmental ResearchUniversity of Karlsruhe
Example: Pig iron productionExample: Pig iron production
Activity [Mt] 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030Pig iron prod 15 12,76 13,82 15,65 16,62 16,4 16,98 16,9 16,45Coke prod 7,14 5,52 5,19 4,71 4,96 4,63 4,62 4,38 4,07Sinter prod 22,3 18,97 20,54 23,27 24,71 24,37 25,23 25,12 24,45
Shares 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030BF [%] 100 100 100 100 90 90 85 80 70DR [%] 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 10SR [%] 0 0 0 0 10 10 10 15 20
Methodology to be implemented in ECODAT:
Source: RAINS, France
UBAFederal Environment AgencyAustria
DFIUFrench-German Institute for Environmental ResearchUniversity of Karlsruhe
Example: Pig iron productionExample: Pig iron production
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Years
[Mt]
Smelting reduction
Direct reduction
Blast furnace
Source: RAINS, France
UBAFederal Environment AgencyAustria
DFIUFrench-German Institute for Environmental ResearchUniversity of Karlsruhe
Example: Pig iron productionExample: Pig iron production
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Years
[t C
O2
]
Direct reduction
Smelting reduction
Blast furnace
Example France
UBAFederal Environment AgencyAustria
DFIUFrench-German Institute for Environmental ResearchUniversity of Karlsruhe
Example: Pig iron productionExample: Pig iron production
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Years
[t C
O2
]
Coke
Coke (DR & SR)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Years
[t C
O2
]
Sinter
Sinter (SR)
Coke plants Sinter plants
Example France
UBAFederal Environment AgencyAustria
DFIUFrench-German Institute for Environmental ResearchUniversity of Karlsruhe
Short project duration
Availability of consistent data (costs)
Willingness to report on emerging technologies (problems of confidentiality)
Diversity of pollutants and emission sectors among countries
Difficulties encounteredDifficulties encountered
Selected Sectors, technologies and pollutants
UBAFederal Environment AgencyAustria
DFIUFrench-German Institute for Environmental ResearchUniversity of Karlsruhe
WP 4:Workshop
28th and 29th of June, Brussels