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U3L2 Presentations
Page 164 •What to do questions•What Did You Find Out questions 1 and 3
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Possible Biological Weapons
Anthrax — bacteria; transmitted through skin, inhalation, and gastrointestinal tract; highly lethal when inhaled. It does not spread from person to person. An anthrax vaccine does exist, but is not readily available. Antibiotics are used to treat anthrax.Smallpox — virus; highly contagious; spread by air and direct contact; high mortality rate. Smallpox has killed more people over time than any other infectious disease, including the plague.Cholera — bacteria; transmitted through water and food. Treatment involves replacing fluids and salt lost through diarrhea and vomiting.Plague — bacteria; highly contagious; transmitted by fleas; high mortality rate. It causes a type of pneumonia and can be fatal if not caught early. Antimicrobials are used to treat the disease.Botulism — one of the deadliest toxins caused by bacteria; can be inhaled or ingested. Severe botulism causes respiratory failure and paralysis. Antitoxins and assisted ventilation are used to treat the disease.Ebola — virus causes hemorrhagic fever; extremely lethal; spread through direct contact with blood and body fluids; symptoms are profuse bleeding from body openings. There is no cure or treatment.Meningitis —bacteria; spread through direct contact. Bacterial meningitis is serious and requires urgent treatment with antibiotics to prevent permanent damage or death. There is a vaccine for the most common form of bacterial meningitis (Hib).
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How Communicable Diseases Spread
• Airborne
• Water-borne
• Carried in Food
• Direct Contact
• Contact with a carrier
• Contact through a wound.
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How Non-communicable Diseases Spread
• Environment
• Diet
• Lifestyle
• Genetic
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Scenario 1
A pregnant woman unknowingly passes the virus to her unborn child after contracting it from her partner.
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Scenario 2
A man who knows he is carrying the AIDS virus continues to have unprotected sex with others without telling them.
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Scenario 3
A small group of drug users routinely share needles when getting high. One of them knows she has AIDS but does not tell the others.
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Scenario 4
A man unknowingly received the AIDS virus during a blood transfusion that occurred before blood was screened for AIDS. He transmitted the virus to his partner.