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Troubleshooting for Intent-based NetworkingJoon-Myung Kang and Mario A. SánchezHewlett Packard Labs
Open Networking Summit 2017
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Intent-based Networking
Policy Graph Abstraction and Demo
Troubleshooting and Demo
QnA
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Software-Defined Networking
Application Plane(SDN Apps)
Control Plane(OpenDaylight, ONOS, etc.)
Infrastructure (Data) Plane(Cloud/IT/SDN/NFV)
Open APIs
Program Languages
Abstraction
SDN Northbound Interfaces
Infrastructure Control InterfacesVendor specific
Low-level specificsManual operations
…
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Software-Defined Networking
Application Plane(SDN Apps)
Control Plane(OpenDaylight, ONOS, etc.)
Infrastructure (Data) Plane(Cloud/IT/SDN/NFV)
Open APIs
Program Languages
Abstraction
SDN Northbound Interfaces
Infrastructure Control InterfacesVendor specific
Low-level specificsManual operations
…
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Intent-based Networking
Application Plane(SDN Apps)
Control Plane(OpenDaylight, ONOS, etc.)
Infrastructure (Data) Plane(Cloud/IT/SDN/NFV)
INTENT North Bound Interface
Infrastructure Control Interfaces
− Application Plane says “What” (doesn’t care how)− Control Plane reasons “How” (doesn’t care why)
Intent− “what”, not “how” (non-prescriptive)− Is portable− Is universal− Is compose-able− Is invariant− Is scale-able
Source: Dave Lenrow, “Intent As The Common Interface to Network Resources,” Intent Based Network Summit 2015 ONF Boulder: Intent NBI
Intent“I want my headache
to stop”
Prescription“Give me two
aspirins”
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Intent-based NetworkingExamples
WEB/Gold/Working Hour
No connect/Wireless
Configure new guest WiFi
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Intent-based NetworkingExamples
WEB/Gold/Working Hour
No connect/Wireless INVISIBLE
Configure new guest WiFi
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Intent-based NetworkingOpen Source Efforts– ONF Open Source SDN Boulder
– Define Intent North Bound Interface (NBI)– http://opensourcesdn.org/projects/project-boulder-intent-northbound-interface-nbi/– https://community.opensourcesdn.org/wg/IntentNBI/dashboard
– OpenDaylight NIC– Network Intent Composition– Manage and direct network services and network resources based on
the given “Intent”– https://wiki.opendaylight.org/view/Network_Intent_Composition:Main
– ONOS Intent Framework– Allows applications to specify their network control desires in form
of policy rather than mechanism (Intent)– https://wiki.onosproject.org/display/ONOS/Intent+Framework
ONF Intent NBI – Definition and Principles, Draft Version 6, Sep. 2016
https://wiki.opendaylight.org/view/Network_Intent_Composition:Graph
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Policy Graph Abstraction (PGA)PGA overviewTroubleshooting for Intent-based Networking
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PGA is RealPublic resources
ACM SIGCOMM 2015 London, UK
Research Paper and Demo Running System and Open Source Contributions
OpenStack Summit 2015, 2016
OpenDaylight Summit 2015, 2016
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Policy Management in Practice
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Policy Graph Abstraction (PGA)
Mktg&Cmp-B&Normal
Engg&Cmp-A&Normal
HTTP Web&Cloud
DNS
DB&Cloud
RemedyService
Engg&Cmp-A&Qn
Mktg&Cam-B&Qn
Ping,SSH
HTTP
monitor
SQL, monitorsync,
monitor
monitor
DNS DNS
*
*
BC
BC
BCLBFW
BCLBFW
DPIDPI
BC
BC
graph composition
QuarantinedRemedyService
Policy sources Graph abstraction Unified, conflict-free policy graph Deploy
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PGA Example − Label namespace across cloud services and network, capturing overlap vs. disjoint relations between labels
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CPU Utilization
> 90% <= 90%
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PGA Example − Label namespace across cloud services and network, capturing overlap vs. disjoint relations between labels − 4 individual input policies
(a) Departments admin
Engg. MktgPing,SSH
Cloud
monitor
QuarantinedRemedyService
*
(b) Application admin
(d) Cloud operator(c) SDN app: HPE Net Protector
Campus Cloud*
*
HTTPEmpl Web
SQLsync
DBLB
Normal DNSDNS
(a) Enterprise IT admin
DPI FW BC
BC
Cmp-AMktg
Empl App
Web CampusDBNet
Protector
Status
Normal Qn
Tenant
Location
Engg: Campus-A Mktg: Campus-BApplication: CloudEmpl: Net protector
Engg
Label NamespaceLabel Mappings
disjoint
Cloud
Cmp-B
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PGA Example − 4 individual input policies− Label namespace across cloud services and network, capturing overlap vs. disjoint relations between labels − Proactive, automatic composition − Scalable algorithm: 13 mins to compose 20K ACL + service chain policies
(a) Departments admin
Engg. MktgPing,SSH
Cloud
monitor
QuarantinedRemedyService
*
(b) Application admin
(d) Cloud operator(c) SDN app: HPE Net Protector
Campus Cloud*
*
HTTPEmpl Web
SQLsync
DBLB
Normal DNSDNS
(a) Enterprise IT admin
DPI FW BC
BC
Mktg&Cmp-B&Normal
Engg&Cmp-A&Normal
HTTP Web&Cloud
DNS
DB&Cloud
RemedyService
Engg&Cmp-A&Qn
Mktg&Cam-B&Qn
Ping,SSH
HTTP
monitor
SQL, monitorsync,
monitor
monitor
DNS DNS
*
*
BC
BC
BCLBFW
BCLBFW
DPIDPI
BC
BC
compose
Cmp-AMktg
Empl App
Web CampusDBNet
Protector
Status
Normal Qn
Tenant
Location
Engg: Campus-A Mktg: Campus-BApplication: CloudEmpl: Net protector
Engg
Label NamespaceLabel Mappings
disjoint
Cloud
Cmp-B
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PGACurrent status
PGA implementation and impact− PGA model, composition, deployment, and tool to convert ACL policy configuration to PGA
intent specification
− PGA prototype for OpenStack (Juno ~ Newton)
− PGA Intent APIs and graph compiler contributed to ODL/NIC Beryllium release
− Troubleshooting for intent based policy management
− Conflict detection
− Composition correctness verification
− Intent addition/modification/deletion
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Live DemoPGA BasicOperations
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PGA Demo
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TroubleshootingWith Intent-based Networking
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Network debugging/troubleshooting a difficult task
Picture sources: http://simplearchitectures.blogspot.com/2013/08/addressing-data-center-complexity.htmlhttp://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/solutions/Enterprise/Data_Center/ServerFarmSec_2-1/ServSecDC/8_NIDS.html
WEB NO CONNECT
Picture source: http://www.ntstn.com/category/troubleshooting/network-troubleshooting
Policy
Networkping traceroute
tcpdump
SNMP
sflow
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Systematic troubleshooting
–Know intent of the operator–Check network behavior against operator intent
Intent-based networking
–Policy is a first-class citizen–Intent explicitly expressed at policy layer–Forwarding semantics explicitly defined–Code compiles policy description into lower-level configuration
Difficult to achievein legacy networks
Opportunity to rethink network
debugging
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Intent-based Networking
Application Plane(SDN Apps)
Controller Plane(OpenDaylight, ONOS, etc.)
Infrastructure (Data) Plane(Cloud/IT/SDN/NFV)
INTENT North Bound Interface
Infrastructure Control Interfaces
– Control Apps – Specify routing/access control policies
– Logical view – Simplified/abstract representation of network
– Physical view – One-to-one correspondence with the physical network
– Controller’s job to configure the network devices (OpenFlow)
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Intent-based Networking
Application Plane(SDN Apps)
Controller Plane(OpenDaylight, ONOS, etc.)
Infrastructure (Data) Plane(Cloud/IT/SDN/NFV)
INTENT North Bound Interface
Infrastructure Control Interfaces
– Control Apps – Specify routing/access control policies
– Logical view – Simplified/abstract representation of network
– Physical view – One-to-one correspondence with the physical network
– Controller’s job to configure the network devices (OpenFlow)
• Each layer performs one piece of translation process
• Every layer should correctly map to every other layer
• Most errors in SDN are mistranslations between layers
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Checking network behavior against intent
–Early debugging tools for OpenFlow-enabled networks –Ndb, OFRewind, NetSight, netwatch, netshark, nprof…–Easier to discover the source of network problems
[Faulty device firmware, inconsistent flow rules, faulty routing…]
–Testing and verification complement network troubleshooting and debugging[Loop freedom, black holes, performance of OpenFlow switches…]
Too low level!
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Knowing the operator’s intent
Does the Actual Network Behavior Match the Policy?
–If NO…Match the symptoms to responsible system component
–If YES…The policy itself is the problem, a human must resolve the discrepancy
–If unwanted behavior persists & all state layers are equivalent:–The configured policy must not match the operator’s intent
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Troubleshooting System
Composed graph
User/App1 User/App2 User/AppnUser Intents
Input graphs
Infrastructure Controllers
PGA
Results
Metadata
GUIQuery
Query Examples– Reachability/Connectivity checking
– Can A talk to B?
– Security vulnerability or Risk assessment
– Addition/removal/edition correctnessTroubleshootingSystem
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Troubleshooting ExamplesReachability
–Can A talk to B?–What EPG do nodes belong to?–Is there an edge connecting both EPGs?–What security groups should be checked?–What middleboxes should be checked?
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Troubleshooting example Troubleshooting network connectivity (reachability)
(a) Departmentsadmin
Engg. MktgPing,SSH
Cloud
monitor
QuarantinedRemedyService
*
(b) Application admin
(d) Cloud operator(c) SDN app: HP Net Protector
Campus Cloud*
*
HTTPEmpl Web
SQLsync
DBLB
Normal DNSDNS
(a) Enterprise IT admin
DPI FW BC
BC
Mktg&Cmp-B&Normal
Engg&Cmp-A&Normal
HTTP Web&Cloud
DNS
DB&Cloud
RemedyService
Engg&Cmp-A&Qn
Mktg&Cam-B&Qn
Ping,SSH
HTTP
monitor
SQL, monitorsync,
monitor
monitor
DNS DNS
*
*
BC
BC
BCLBFW
BCLBFW
DPIDPI
BC
BC
compose
Cmp-A
Status
Tenant
Empl App
Mktg
Web DB Campus Cloud Net Protector
Normal Qn
Location
Engg: Campus-A Mktg: Campus-BApplication: CloudEmpl: Net protector
Cmp-B
Engg
Label Namespace
Label Mappings
disjoint
web
Engg client HR site
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Troubleshooting example Intent addition/modification/removal
(a) Departmentsadmin
Engg. MktgPing,SSH
Cloud
monitor
QuarantinedRemedyService
*
(b) Application admin
(d) Cloud operator(c) SDN app: HP Net Protector
Campus Cloud*
*
HTTPEmpl Web
SQLsync
DBLB
Normal DNSDNS
(a) Enterprise IT admin
DPI FW BC
BC
Mktg&Cmp-B&Normal
Engg&Cmp-A&Normal
HTTP Web&Cloud
DNS
DB&Cloud
RemedyService
Engg&Cmp-A&Qn
Mktg&Cam-B&Qn
Ping,SSH
HTTP
monitor
SQL, monitorsync,
monitor
monitor
DNS DNS
*
*
BC
BC
BCLBFW
BCLBFW
DPIDPI
BC
BC
Cmp-A
Status
Tenant
Empl App
Mktg
Web DB Campus Cloud Net Protector
Normal Qn
Location
Engg: Campus-A Mktg: Campus-BApplication: CloudEmpl: Net protector
Cmp-B
Engg
Label Namespace
Label Mappings
disjoint
compare
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Troubleshooting example Risk Assessment
Indicator may be composed using different data points:e.g. # of compromised hops; # of network functions traversed, etc.
What if a host from “Web&Cloud” is compromised?
What EPGs might be able to reach host ‘x’ (through intermediate host compromise)?
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Troubleshooting Demo
MarketingEmployee
Campus Admin
10.10.20.1
Connectivity Problem
Intent edition
Remote desktopconnection
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PGA and Troubleshooting Demo
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Summary
–Intent-based Networking is beneficial to simplify network control & management
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Summary
–Intent-based Networking is beneficial to simplify network control & management–Policy Graph Abstraction (PGA) is one of the well-defined intent-based
management framework and we presented possible troubleshooting examples
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Summary
–Intent-based Networking is beneficial to simplify network control & management–Policy Graph Abstraction (PGA) is one of the well-defined intent-based
management framework and we presented possible troubleshooting examples–Intent-level troubleshooting can help to easily do troubleshooting network
problems
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Summary
–Intent-based Networking is beneficial to simplify network control & management–Policy Graph Abstraction (PGA) is one of the well-defined intent-based
management framework and we presented possible troubleshooting examples–Intent-level troubleshooting can help to easily identify network problems
–What’s next– More More More practical experiences from network operators/administrators/developers…
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