Download - Trofimov Boepripasy Dlq Nareznogo
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ISBN 5-93369-048-1
.., ..
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, 2003. 352 .
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" 09.06.1993 5351-1 16.06.1995 110-
" 48,49",
" 150*", " " 146".
.
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.
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.. 11
1. 151.1. 151.2. 171.3. 191.4. 241.5. . 25
1.6. 262. 27
2.1. .... 272.2. 292.3.
() 302.4.
(" ") 322.5. over-bore "-
" 332.6. .. 34
2.7. " " (Light Magnum) " " (Heavy Magnum) 37
3.
...... 383.1.
(Single Base Powders) 39
3.2. - (DoubleBase Powders) 41
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3.3. (Multi Base Powders) 42
3.4. ()
433.4.1. 433.4.2. 443.4.3. 463.4.5. 473.4.6.
473.5.
47
3.5.1. 47. 3.5.2. 48
3.5.3. 49
3.5.4. , 50
3.5.5. 543.5.5.1. 543.5.5.2. 553.5.5.3. 55
3.5.6. 56
3.5.7. ...563.6.
57
3.6.1. 58
3.6.2. 58
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3.6.3. 61
3.6.4.
623.7.
62
3.7.1. , 62
3.7.2. 633.7.3.
643.7.4. 643.7.5. 64
3.7.6. 653.8. .. 693.9.
704. 815. 84
5.1. 84
5.2. 88
5.2.1. 885.2.2. (-
) (FMJ) ...99
'5.2.3. (SP-) 101
5.2.4. , ,, (HP) . 104
5
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5.3. 1065.4. 1075.5. .. 110
5.5.1. 1105.5.2. " "
(Controlled expansion) 1155.5.3. " "
(Premium bullets) 1176.
1186.1. 118
6.1.1. 119
6.1.2.
121
6.1.3. ....1246.1.3.1.
(bullet drop true drop ).... 124
6.1.3.2.
(Bullet Path - ) ... 126
6.1.3.3. " " 130
6.1.3.4. 1306.2. 1386.2.1. 138
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6.2.2. ... 1396.2.3. 1406.2.4. 141
6.2.5. . , 143
6.2.6.
1456.2.3.1.
1456.2.3.2. .., 1476.2.3.3. 151
6.3. ... 152
6.4.
.. 1606.4.1. ...1606.4.1.
170
6.5. 173
6.5.1. 1746.5.2. 1836.5.3. 1856.5.4. 185
6.6. ( - Minute OfAngle) 186
6.6.1. .... 1866.6.2.
189
6.7. 189
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6.8. 1957. 199
7.1. 199
7.1.1. 1997.1.2. (""
"") 201
7.1.3. 203
7.2. , 206
7.3. 2087.4. 208
7.4.1. 2087.4.1.1. 2087.4.1.2.
2117.4.1.3.
2177.4.1.3.1. .22-.224
(5,6 ) 2177.4.1.3.2. .240
(6,17-6,19 ) ....2207.4.1.3.3 .257
(6,53-6,55 ) 2227.4.1.3.4. .264
(6,70-6,71 ) 2227.4.1.3.5. .270
(6,86 ) 224
7.4.1.3.6. .284(7,21-7,23 ) 224
7.4.1.3.7. .300 7,82-7,94 227
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7.4.1.3.8. .300 "" "" 229
7.4.1.3.9. 8 2327.4.1.3.10. .338-.348
(8,59-8,88 ) 2357.4.1.3.11. .350-.358
(9,09 ) 2357.4.1.3.12. 9,3 2367.4.1.3.13. .375, .378, .416,
.460 . (9,56-14,86 ) 238
7.4.1.4. . 247.4.1.4.1. 7mm Remington Magnum 2417.4.1.4.2. 7,62x39 2437.4.1.4.3. .308 Win 2457.4.1.4.4. 7,62x54R... 2487.4.1.4.5. .30-06 Springfield 251
7.4.1.4.6. .300 Winchester Magnum 2547.4.1.4.7. 8x57IS 8x57IRS 2567.4.1.4.8. 8x68S 2577.4.1.4.9. .338 Winchester Magnum 2577.4.1.4.10. 9,3x62 Mauser 2597.4.1.4.11. 9,3x74R 2607.4.1.4.12. .375 Holland & Holland Mag
num... 2617.4.1.5.
2627.4.1.6. 266
7.4.1.6.1.
'. 2667.4.1.6.2.
2697.4.1.6.3. 2697.4.1.6.4. 2707.4.1.6.5. 273
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7.4.1.6.6. 2767.4.1.6.7. 277
7.4.1.6.8. 279
7.4.2. 2827.4.2.1. .. 2827.4.2.2.
2847.4.2.3. 2887.4.2.4. 2927.4.2.5. 296
7.4.2.6. 2987.4.2.7. 302
7.4.2.7.1. 3027.4.2.7.2. 3037.4.2.7.3. ... 3037.4.2.7.4. ...304
7.4.2.8. . 3067.4.3. ..3107.4.4.
312
8. 318 336
(Acknowledgements). 344
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" " 1996 , , , . ,
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"; ""; "" ( " "); ""; " "; " " ( ); ". "; ".
"; " "; " " " "; : Guns& Ammo; Guns & Sporting; Rifle Shooting; Shooting Times;Sporting guns; : ., " "; .. ; . ; Barnes Frank.Cartridges of the world. - 8-th edition; Barnes Frank / Edited
by M.L. McPherson/ Cartridges of the world. - 9-th edition;Shooters Biblie, 1996-1999; Lapua shooting and hantingmanual, 2-th edition; Barnes Reloading Manual, 2-th ed.; ;
Barnes, Berger bullets, Blaser, CCI / SpeerAmmunition, Dakota Anns, Dynamit Nobel, Eduard Kettner,Federal, Frankonia Jagd, Fiocchi, Hirtenberger, Hornady,Magtech, Nammo Lapua Oy, Norma Precision, RCBS,Remington, Sako, Shilen, Sellier & Bellot, Sierra bullets,SK Jagd und Sportmunition GmbH, Swiss AmmunitionEnterprise Corp, Weatherby, Winchester, Woodleigh
Weldcore .
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1.
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30 0,254 = 7,62 , 300 300x0,0254 = 7,62 . .410 10,41 .
15
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. 1. : 1 - ; 2 - ; 3 -
; 4 - ; 5 - ; 6 - ; 7 - ; 8 - ; 9 -
; 10- ; 11 -; 12- ; 13- .
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1.2.
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7.3. . ,
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9,65 ". .38 9- , , 8,83 . , , .38 Special .357". ,
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, , , , . . , .30R Blaser (.30 ) , 7 mm Remington Magnum (7 "") 7mm-08 Remington (7 -08 "")
19
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.
, . , ,
7x64,7x65R, 7x57R. R . - - 7x64 Brenneke, 7x65RBrenneke. , , ,
(. 1). , 7,62x39 7,87-7,92- , , .308 ..7,62 .
(big bore) . , . , .450-3 1/4 Rigby (.450), (3 1/4) , / . .577 Nitro Express (3"&2 3/4")
3 (76,2 ) 2 3/4 (67,7 ).
-. , -: .375 A-Square,.300 Dakota, .300 Holland & Holland, .308 Winchester.
, . . , .454 Casull (.454 "")
20
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, .300 Jarrett (.300 ""),
. Weatherby .300 Weatherby Magnum (.300 "-
") , .
. . , ( 1890 ) .44-40, .45-70 , (1 = 64,8 ). 1895 .30-30 - . .30-06 Springfield(.30-06 ""),
06 - 1906 .
, . -,
. ( "wildcat"). , .25-06 .25, .30-06, .257. .22-250 .22 .250 Savage (.250 ""). .30-378 Weatherby (.30-378 "") .378 Weatherby (.378 ""), . 7mm-08 Remington (7-08 ""), .284 -
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.308 Winchester (.308 "").
. ""
, . .338-.378 WeatherbyMagnum .338 .378 Weatherby Magnum, .378/.338. .500/.465 Nitro Express .465 , .500 NE, .500/416 .416 .500 NE.
Express () Nitro Express (Humpo ).
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1980- "", , , .
, , (300 Pegasus) (300 Jarret, 375 JRS). , -
22
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" " "".
. "" 5:5,6x61SE, 6,5x68S, 8x68S.
. , .300 Pegasus, .338 Excalibur
.577 Tyrannosaur ( , A-Square), , .
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Magnum (.44 " "),
-, .44 Magnum .44 Mag. , :
Winchester - Win (), Remington - Rem (),Weatherby - Wby (--). ,
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, . 100 ,
.300 Weatherby Magnum (.300 " "). 3500 ,
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.308 Winchester (.308 "").
" " "" ,
. , , , . , ,
. " 7,62 " , " ( ) 7,62x51".
1
1. + (, ):7,65 mm Browning; .243 Winchester; 8 mm RemingtonMag.
2. + :.44 Smith & Wesson Russian; 7,62 mm Mossin-Nagant;
.30 Carbine3. + () +
:9 mm Browning Long (); 9 mm BrowningKurz (); .32 Smith & Wesson Long; 7,62 Kurz;.320 Long CF
4. + ( ):
7x57R; 6,5x50SR; .500NE 3 1/4"
5. + :.30-03 (1903 ); 7,62 . 43 . (1943 ) ;7,62 wz. 52
(1952 )
24
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, , . ,
, 7,62x51, 7,62x53R. 7,62x51 9,7 3400 /
2.
7,62x53R, 13, . 7,62x53R 3150 /
2.
1.6. ,
. , 7,62x51 7,83 , 7,62x53R - 7,92 ( 7,92), . 7,62x53R 7,62x51, , , . , 7,62x53 3,3 ,
.
.
26
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2.
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27
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. , , , .. -
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XX - , . () ( , 8x57, 6,5x55 ..) . ( 5-10 ) ,
-. . , ( ). headspase .
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2.2. R (Rand, Rim) - ;RL (Rimless) - ;FL (Flanged) - ;SR (Semi-Rimmed) ;BN (Bottle Neck) - ;
29
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Bd (Belted) - ;
Mag (Magnum) - "" (Beltedcase);
CF (Centre Fire) - ;RF (Rim Fire) - ;PF (Pin Fire) - ;NE (Nitro Express) - ,
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2.3. () -
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Rimless Magnum ( ) Holland & Holland Magnum. : -, , -, () , ()
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30
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. 4 . : 1 - ( , rimmed); 2 - (semi-rimmed); 3 - (rimless); 4 - (rebated); 5 - (, belted).
400/375 Belted Nitro Express 375 Velopex. "Holland & Holland" , . 1912
"" .375 Holland & Holland Magnum
("wildcat") -. .375 & , : , , . , . - ,
. , . : 7 Remington Magnum, .300 WinchesterMagnum, .300 Holland & Holland Magnum, .338 WinchesterMagnum, .416 Remington Magnum, .458 Winchester
Magnum. , .257 Weatherby .340 Weatherby. ""
.300 Mashburn, .450 Watts Magnum, .334 ,.375 Weatherby, .300 Jarret, .375 JRS.
31
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( 1980-) --. - ,
- . - ,
- .
2.4. (" ")
' "short magnum"
. , -. "Springfield", "Enfield" "Mauser", "Winchester Model 70" "Remington Model 30".
(63,5 ). ,
, ( ). "Holland & Holland" - "Weatherby"
- 2,85 (72,4 ) . , , , . -. . -
32
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. 1956 Winchester " " - 458 Winchester Magnum, 1958 264 Winchester Magnum 338 Winchester Magnum, 1963
- 300 Winchester Magnum. Remington ( ): 1958 222 RemingtonMagnum, 1962 - 7mm Remington Magnum.
, , "Winchester", "Remington" "Norma",
. " " "Weatherby", . - " " , .
2.5. over-bore" "
1980- , , "",
, 375 & , . 416 Rigby 404 Jeffrey. , , , Lazzeroni.
90- . "over-bore",
2 - 173
33
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. , (30-40 ) , 10%.
, .
2.6.
, . .308 Winchester .308 Win. Accelerator; 7-08 Remington; .308 Win. .30-06 Spring-gfield .30-06 Accelerator, .25-06 Rem.,.270 Win., .30-06 Springfield, .35 Whelen. Dakota ("") ,
.404 Jeffery (" -"), 7 Dakota, .300 Dakota, .330 Dakota,.375 Dakota, .416 Dakota , .416 Rigby (.416 ""), .450 Dakota.
. 5. : - ;
- : 1 - ; 2 - ; 3- ; 4 - ; 5- ; - ; 7- ; 8- ; 9- ; 10- ; 11 - ; 72- ; 13- ; 14 - ; 15 - ; 16- -; 17 - ; 18 - ; 19- ; 20- ; 21 - ; 22 - ; 23 - ; 24- .
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35
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. 6. 9,72 30-06 " " Hornady: " "
250 (228,6 ) " " 2 (5 ) .
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2 J. " " (Light
Magnum) " "
(Heavy Magnum) 2000 Hornady
, . Light Magnum , - - Heavy Magnum -
. , 61 /. ,
- , (cool burning powder)
. Inter-Lock SST, : 6mm Rem., .243 Win., .257 Roberts,.25-06 Rem., 6,5x55, .270 Win., .280 Rem., 7x57 Mauser,7mm-08, 7mm Rem.Mag., .308 Win., 30-06, .303 British,.300 Win.Mag., .338 Win.Mag., .375 H&H, .458 Win.
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3. | I
^ (-*|, , -*] !
) -1, -,,
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. ,
RCBS www.rcbs.com. , , 500-700, , , (Reloading manual).
, ,
Sierra bullets (www.sierrabullets.com) Winchester (www.winchester.com).
, Hodgdon(www.hodgdon.com). Pyrodex (www.pvrodex.com) .
3.1. (Single Base Powders)
(90-98 %). , - , , , ., . - , , . ( ) . . -
39
http://www.rcbs.com/http://www.sierrabullets.com/http://www.winchester.com/http://www.hodgdon.com/http://www.pvrodex.com/http://www.pvrodex.com/http://www.hodgdon.com/http://www.winchester.com/http://www.sierrabullets.com/http://www.rcbs.com/ -
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, () . ,
, , . 40% , 20-30 24-48 . , .
, - , .
, , , , , , .
. , . -* , , 10 .
, , , . , . - 170-180.
.
( ), , , .
40
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3.2. -
(Double Base Powders)
.
, , . . , ,
. , , .
"" "", "-", "Ngl-nopoxa" . , , . ,, , , , - .
, ,
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41
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! . -
, 3600-5200 / ( / ).
. , - - .
, .
, , , , , .
3.3. (Multi Base Powders)
, , -.
, , .. . , 3000-3700 / . .
, --.
42
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3.4. ()
, .
3.4.1.
. , . : , - , . , , . , .
, . . , , 0,5 1 .
- (DFA), () .
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7,62x54R 842,5 / , 2 750 /2 (2670 ), .
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, . , . 1 % .
3.4.5.
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3.4.6.
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3.5.1. ;
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180-200". -
47
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, , . 2400 3 , . . 3 .
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3800 ( .375 & Mag.). , 3,25
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. 7. : 1 - ; 2 - ;3 - ; 4 - ; 5 - ; 6 - ; 7 - ; 8 - . ( "Lapua shooting and reloading )
. 8. : -; - ; - .
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3.5.5.
: ,
.3.5.5.1.
- - , -.
, . , : , , . , , , .
. . , ,
.
. ,
. , , , -, . . , ; ,
, . .
54
-
7/29/2019 Trofimov Boepripasy Dlq Nareznogo
55/347
-, -
, . : .
3.5.5.2.
. , , . .
3.5.5.3.
. , , , j , .
, : 1)
; 2) ( , , , ;3) ; 4) ; 5) ; 6) ;7) .
, , . , . .
55
-
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3.5.6.
4% 29% 19% 22% 19% 7%: 100%
3.5.7.
, . . , , ,
- , , , , . , 451/95 , ( 100 45 , , , 1995 , ). . ,
-125, - .22LR 9- , "" , , "125" , 100 . ( 5,6x39, 7,62x53,
9x53) "" "", "", . .
56
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3.6.
, . , . , ,
. (): ,
, .
. 10. , : 0 - ; - () ; VK- ; V - ; VM - ; -
, ; : 0 - (); 1 - ; 2 - ; 3 -
( , 1994).
57
-
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3.6.1.
. . , , . 250-500 /2(
).
3.6.2.
, , - . , , .
, ,
, ( ), .
.
.
, . -
58
-
7/29/2019 Trofimov Boepripasy Dlq Nareznogo
59/347
1500 4000 /2 (1470 - 3923 ) . ,
, . 7,62 . 1930 , 3200 /2 (3138 ), - 1300 /2 (1275 ). 2855 /2 (2800 ) .22 Hornet 3977 /2 (3900 ) .300
Winchester Magnum.
"". , .300 Remington UltraMagnum .300 Lazzeroni Warbird
4079 /2 (4000 ), .300 Pegasus A-Square - 4283 /2 (4200 ). . , ,
.458 Winchester magnum 3477 /
2(3409 ).
, , . ,
. . , , , , ,
. ,
, , . , . -
59
-
7/29/2019 Trofimov Boepripasy Dlq Nareznogo
60/347
. 11.
.
. .
. 11. , , , , . , ,
. , ,
. .
, . :
;
.
60
-
7/29/2019 Trofimov Boepripasy Dlq Nareznogo
61/347
. , , , ,
, . "",
"" .
3.6.3.
- . . ( ^-). , .
.
,
200-450 ( 600 /2
). , . 1891/30 . 430 /2, 200 /2). , ,
, , , . , , .
61
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7/29/2019 Trofimov Boepripasy Dlq Nareznogo
62/347
3.6.4.
. . ,
, , ,
25 . ( 2,5%).
, .
, 6 /.
3.7.
3.7.1. ,
, : , . , , .
, . :
62
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7/29/2019 Trofimov Boepripasy Dlq Nareznogo
63/347
. . .
. , , .
, , . ,
, .
, , , . , ,
, . .
, , .
, , , .
, , ,
, .
3.7.2.
, .
63
-
7/29/2019 Trofimov Boepripasy Dlq Nareznogo
64/347
3.7.3.
, . .
, . , .
10-15%. ,
, . 5 %, .
3.7.4.
. , 20, ,
, .
3.7.5.
5 % , . 10 %, 3
64
-
7/29/2019 Trofimov Boepripasy Dlq Nareznogo
65/347
4 %. , , . ,
.
. , , . , , , . /
. .
.
.
3.7.6.
() ( ) -. , , . 12.
, , .
.
3 - 173
65
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66/347
. 12. : - : 1 - ; 2 -
; 3 - ; 4 - . - ( , 1995).
-
7/29/2019 Trofimov Boepripasy Dlq Nareznogo
67/347
0.003 0J304
.
. 13. : - ; - ; - ; - ( ); d- (), 3 ; --; -- ; - - ; - -
; c-d- ; c-d 1,5 . 775 /.
(1 ==0,1 = 1,0197 /2), 1 2 (1 /2 = 1 . =0,9807 ),
(). (1 =106).
(1 /2=0,0703 /2). (PiezoElectric System), PSI P.S.I, (pound per square inch
), CUP C.U.P. (Cooper Unit of Pressure - "" ) (
67
-
7/29/2019 Trofimov Boepripasy Dlq Nareznogo
68/347
(/2), -
:
.22-250 Remington
.222 Remington
.223 Remington
6mm Remington.243 Winchester. .25-06 Remington.257 Roberts.257 Roberts +P
.270 Winchester7mm-08 Remington7-30 Waters
7 x 57 Mauser7mm Remington Magnum.280 Remington.30 Carbine.30-06 Springfield.30-30 Winchester.300 Savage.300 Winchester Magnum
.303 British
.308 Winchester8mm Mauser8mm Remington Magnum.338 Winchester Magnum.35 Remington.45-70 Government
-C.U.P.53,00046,00052,000
52,00052,00053,00045,00050,00052,00052,00040,000
46,00052,00050,00040,00050,00038,00046,00054,000
45,00052,00037,00054,00054,00035,00028,000
- PSI
62,00050,00055,000
65,00060,00063,00054,00058,00065,00057,50045,000
51,00061,00060,000
-60,00042,000
-64
?000
49,00060,000
-65,00064,000
--
) LUP L.U.P. (Lead Unitof Pressure "" ). (SAAMI), -
68
. 2. (/2), .
-
7/29/2019 Trofimov Boepripasy Dlq Nareznogo
69/347
. PSI CUP . , .
, : 1 /2=0,06895 ; 1 /2==7020 (); 1 /2=0,07031 /2.
3.8.
- . , . .
. 1887 .
40 60% , , , . , ,
,
. , ,
, -, . , ,.
2500-5000 /..
1880 . , (cord ,
69
-
7/29/2019 Trofimov Boepripasy Dlq Nareznogo
70/347
). , , -;, . ^ *
. , , -^ . , , , -;
, .!, , -4
, 4 , , , . 1( 1) 58% -^, ;! .
30%, .
-* , . 300-5000 /, 3100. -
, 4, . .
3.9.
- .
70
-
7/29/2019 Trofimov Boepripasy Dlq Nareznogo
71/347
,
, .
: (), () (). - - 7,62x39;7,62x51; 7,62x53 . 5,6 -
""; "-" "" "-", "R-50", " ". "", "" , . " 690/4,23", " 670/4,10"," " "".
() - (), - (, ) ().
71
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7/29/2019 Trofimov Boepripasy Dlq Nareznogo
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"", "" "".
. ( ), ]. . " ( ""), "" (), ( ".,'") " "( "-").
.
-
7/29/2019 Trofimov Boepripasy Dlq Nareznogo
73/347
. 3. - .
/
1
2
3
4
-350
-370
-500
670/3,85
5,6
-350
5,6 -370
5,6 -410
5,6
-500
-
-
-
-
,
/3
0,580-0,680
0,620-0,720
0,660-0,720
0,620-0,720
,
0,25-0,31
,
0,2-0,4
0,2-0,4
0,16-0,315
0,2-0,4
-
,
,
-
7/29/2019 Trofimov Boepripasy Dlq Nareznogo
74/347
. 3. .
h/
5
6
7
8
690/4,23
5,6x39 7,62x53
5,6 , , ,
5,6 , ,-25
5,6 ,
-
-
-
,
/3
0,960
0,515
0,480
0,640-0,740
,
0,25-0,31
0,22-0,28
0,22-0,28
,
0,51-0,61
0,64-6,86
0,64-0,86
0,2-0,4
-
,
0,20-0,30
0,20-0,30
,
0,4-0,6
0,2-0,4
>
-
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. 3. .
/
9
10
11
12
13
670/4,10
-
33/4,03-8 33/4,03-8 33/4,03-9 33/4,03-10
38/3,77 38/3,94
5,6 , ,
, 5,6 , , 5,6x39, 7,62x39
7,62x51
7,62x51
-
- -
-
-
,
/3
0,640-0,700
0,650-0,710
0,960
0,960-0,990
0,960
,
0,35-0,41
0,30-0,36
0,35-0,410,30-0,36
,
0,25-0,4
0,315-0,4
0,75-1,05
0,75-0,85
0:75-1,050,65-0,95
,
,
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76/347
^ . 3. .
/
14
15
16
17
18
22/4,87 665/4,0
-
7,62x53
7,62x53
9 7,62x39
7,62x51
-
-
-
,
/3
0,850
0,960
0,958-1,0020,640-0,690
0,960
,
0,3-0,4
0,30-0,40
0,17-0,27
0,20-0,25
0,33-0,43
,
0,72-1,02
0,60-0,80
0,42-0,50
0,75-1,05
-
.
0,20-0,25
,
1,1-1,5
II
0,85-1,25
-
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. 4. .
/
1
2
3
4
5
--350 --370
--500 670/3,85 -
5,6
5,6
5,6
5,6
5,67,62
350
370
500
410
5,6x357,62x39
,
684
684
684
684
720720
,
2,58-2,60
2,35-2,45
2,10-2,22,35-2,45
2,35-2,452,58-2,60
3,512,3
,
3
0,27
0,27
0,27
0,27
1,93,5
,
0,16
0,10-0,16
0,14-0,180,16-0,24
0,10-0,16
1,75-1,853,10-3,50
,
Vio.cp/(V
25cp.),
/
335-355
360-380
485-500
385-405
885-900685-705
12
18
20
18
3535
(/2)
88,2
(900)
88,2(900)
274,4(2800)294,3(3000)
127,7(1300)
127,7(1300)
(1650)127,7(1300)
127,7(1300)
294,3(3000)303,8(3100)
14,7(150)
19,6(200)
19,6(200)
19,6(200)
-
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. 4. .
N
W
6
7
8
9
10
690/4,23 670/4,10 -
5,6
5,6
5,6
5,6
5,6
,
684
147
684
684
684
,
2,57-2,602,57-2,602,57-2,602,67-2,70
1,86 1,88
2,58-2,60
2,57-2,60
2,59-2,60
,
,
3
0,27
0,142
0,27
0,27
0,27
,
0,085-0,0900,075-0,0950,075-0,0950,075-0,0950,035-0,055
0,07-0,09
0,070-0,095
0,085-0,100
,
Viocp/(V25cp.),
/
306-326306-326
31 321306-326
240-260
315-325
306-326
320-330
12121212
15
1812
12
10
(/2)
88,2(900)
49,0(500)
88,2(900)
88,2(900)
122,7(1250)
78,4(800)
117,7(1200)
122,6(1250)
117,7(1200)
14,7(150)
14,7(150)
17,7(180)
14,7(150)
9,8(100)
-
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. 4. .
JS f e
/
11
12
13
14
33/3,9433/4,03-833/4,03-933/4,03-10
38/3,7738/3,94
-
5,67,62
7,62
7,62
7,62
5,6x507,62x39
7,62x51
7,62x51
,
380480
500
549
686,7
,
3,30-3,557,8-8,08,9-9,1
9,9-1 0,1
9,6-9,8
9.6-9,8
12,91-12,99
,
*
1,561,86
3,2
3,2
3,75
,
,
Vio,cp/
(V25cp.).
/
1,55-1,70 890*
1,70-1,90 800*
710*
710*
1*2,95-3,13
3,18
3,5
810-830*
810-830*
735-760
35303030
35
35
20
(/2)
289,4(2950)294,3(3000)279,6(2850)279,6(2850)
304,0(3100)
299,1(3050)
289,3(2950)
333,6(3100)304,1
(3100)299,2
(3050)299,2(3050)
333,4(2900)
328,5(3350)
308,9(3150)
255,0(2600)255,0
(2600)
34,3(350)
-
7/29/2019 Trofimov Boepripasy Dlq Nareznogo
80/347
-
7/29/2019 Trofimov Boepripasy Dlq Nareznogo
81/347
4. :
. , () ^
. .
, , .
, .
, , . , .
: 0,210 0,175 . , , . -, , , . - Federal Cartrige Co. ,
81
-
7/29/2019 Trofimov Boepripasy Dlq Nareznogo
82/347
. 14. ( ): 1 - ; 2 - ; 3 -
; 4 - ()
. 15. ()
: 1 - ; 2 - (
); 3 - ; 4 - ; 5 -
.
.375 Weatherby Magnum. - -, , .
, , .
82
-
7/29/2019 Trofimov Boepripasy Dlq Nareznogo
83/347
. 16.
- .
-
7/29/2019 Trofimov Boepripasy Dlq Nareznogo
84/347
5.
5.1.
.
() . - -- , 425-450 /,
1,6-2 .
- ,
2,2-3,0 12,7-15,4 ,3,0-3,5 - 8,1-11,5 4- 8 .
, . - () .
( ), , , () . , ( ),
, , , .
-
84
-
7/29/2019 Trofimov Boepripasy Dlq Nareznogo
85/347
, . , ,
.
:, ().
, . . . , .
, ( ) ( ).
, . (meplat) . (ogive) (Tangent ogive), (Secant ogive) (Conical ogive).
(shoulder) . Spire Point Spitzer Point.
(bearing surface)
. , ,
. 1 2 ,
v 85
-
7/29/2019 Trofimov Boepripasy Dlq Nareznogo
86/347
2-4 . (). ,
, . (bottom)
( Boat tail ) . .
(cannelure)
, . ,
- . , Pro-Amm
. , , .
(heel) , . , .
. .
(base) , . (Soft Point,SP) (HollowPoint, HP) , -
(Full Metal Jacket, FMJ) .
86
-
7/29/2019 Trofimov Boepripasy Dlq Nareznogo
87/347
3 4. 17. : 1 - ; 2 - 4 - , : D - ; L -
; D1 - ; L2 - ( L2=0); D 2- ( D2=0); R - .
87
-
7/29/2019 Trofimov Boepripasy Dlq Nareznogo
88/347
5.2.
5.2.1. : , -
(, , , ) .
, , . , . ,4,5-5,6 , . 400 /.
,
, . , 425-450 / ( ) . ( ), , , .
. , , ,
500 /,
, . , , , --
88
-
7/29/2019 Trofimov Boepripasy Dlq Nareznogo
89/347
, ( , 10%), ( ) ( , ). , ,
. , 95% 5% , - 90% 10% ( gilding metal,
CuZn5 gilding metal 95/5, - CuZnlO). , , . (. , "-" " " ..
Full Metal Jacketed Vollmantel "", , ).
, . -
, , .
, ,
. ().
, ,
89
-
7/29/2019 Trofimov Boepripasy Dlq Nareznogo
90/347
, , . , .
FMJ (Full Metal Jacket ).
, , . , , , ,
, . -
, .
, .
. . - SP (Soft Point - , "" ).
, ( Hollow point- HP). -- ( D, Hollow Point) . , , . -
90
-
7/29/2019 Trofimov Boepripasy Dlq Nareznogo
91/347
,
.
() .
, , .. Hollow Point " " (. 21, ), , ,
. , .
(). ( )
. , , , , "" .
,
, :
, (Partition, Partition Gold, DKK, Swift-A-Frame .). , . ,
,
, . .
91
-
7/29/2019 Trofimov Boepripasy Dlq Nareznogo
92/347
. (DK, TIG, TUG .),
, , .
, , ( ), . ,
, .
- , ,
( -Mantel Dynamit Nobel/RWS).
, .
.
. , InterLock , , , ( InterLock) . , .
Deep-Shok MEGA ,
92
-
7/29/2019 Trofimov Boepripasy Dlq Nareznogo
93/347
, ,
.
. , (Hammerhead, Oryx, Power-Lockt .). ,
. ,
. .
. . , , ,
. . .
, . .
, X-Bullet , , "" . ()
, "
" ., Bear Claw , "-
93
-
7/29/2019 Trofimov Boepripasy Dlq Nareznogo
94/347
" . , " ".
, .
, ,
- . (, .).
. 18. : 1 - (Roundnose,RN); 2 - (Flatnose flatpoint, FN); 3 - , (Spire, Spirepoint); 4 - (Spitzer,Spitzerpoint),
, ; 5 - 3 4 -Semi Spitzer; 6 - (Match) (Boat tail, ).
94
-
7/29/2019 Trofimov Boepripasy Dlq Nareznogo
95/347
10 11. 19. : - ; - - ; - - ; - : 1 - 12- ; 2 - 12-
; 3 - 4- ; 4 - .577; 5 - .450; 6 - .400; 7 - .500; 8 - 360; 9 - 360; 10- ; 11 - ; - .
95
-
7/29/2019 Trofimov Boepripasy Dlq Nareznogo
96/347
. 20. : 1 - (FMJ-); 2 - SPRN - - (SP-) (RN); 3 - SPFN - -
(SP-) (Flat Nose); 4 - PSP- (SP-) (Pointed) ; 5 - SPSpitze - (SP-) (Spitze Point) ;6 -
; 7 - ; 8 - ; 9 - HPFN - , (HP-) (Flat Nose); 10 - (-); 11 - (HP), , (FN),
(, Boat tail); 12 - , (-); 13 - (HP), , (-);14 - (HP-) (); 15 - ; 16 -
, .. ; 17 - ; 18 - ; 19 - (Solid); 20 - .
96
-
7/29/2019 Trofimov Boepripasy Dlq Nareznogo
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-
7/29/2019 Trofimov Boepripasy Dlq Nareznogo
98/347
. 21. : - -
SP- (SPRN -
Soft Point Round Nose) .577; -
FMJ (Full MetaH Jacket) .500; e--
SP- (SPHP - Soft Point
Hollow Point); - D , ; -
HP- .476
; - HP-
.360 ; - HP-
.318 ; -
HP- .375 &; - -
FM J-
.303:1 - ; 2 -
; 3 -
; 4 - ; 5 -
; 6 - .
98
-
7/29/2019 Trofimov Boepripasy Dlq Nareznogo
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. 22.
: - ; - FMJBT - FMJ- (Boattail); e - FMJ- ; - SPBT - SP-
(); - -: 1 - ; 2 - ; 3 - ; 4 -.
5.2.2.
()
( F M J - )
FMJ (Full MetalJacket), - VM (Vollmantel).
, -
. , , , . , ,
99
-
7/29/2019 Trofimov Boepripasy Dlq Nareznogo
100/347
, , (, ). .
,
, . , , .
, , , . , , , ,
. , , 7,62x39 . 1943 . 25-30 . , . , " " "",
, . .
,
( ). ,
100
-
7/29/2019 Trofimov Boepripasy Dlq Nareznogo
101/347
(, , ). 5,6 3-4 ,
"-" . .600 "" 58,32 .
5.2.3. (SP-)"" (
) , SP (Soft point ). ,
, . JSP (Jacketed Soft Poit ). (Teilmantel Teilmantel Geschoss - ).
,
, " ", . ,
. , , .
101
-
7/29/2019 Trofimov Boepripasy Dlq Nareznogo
102/347
( , , ), .
.
, , , . , , . , ( SPHP Soft Point Hollow Point - ). , .
. , ,
, - ( ), . , . ,
, . , , - .
102
-
7/29/2019 Trofimov Boepripasy Dlq Nareznogo
103/347
( ) . ,
, (-), - , ,
.
(450-550 /) , 2-3 . (700-800 /) . ,
, . , , . , , .
- "" (Soft Point, Spire),
"" (Flat) "" (Round) : .222Remington .458 Winchester Magnum .470 Nitro Express.( "Spire" "Spitzer".
103
-
7/29/2019 Trofimov Boepripasy Dlq Nareznogo
104/347
-
7/29/2019 Trofimov Boepripasy Dlq Nareznogo
105/347
. , , . ,
, , ( , ) -
. . , , , .30 (7,62 )
, . HP .17 (4,32) .30 , - ( ). , (
) , . , , Berger bullets, , 0,0003, 99,9% .
"" -
105
-
7/29/2019 Trofimov Boepripasy Dlq Nareznogo
106/347
, , , , "".
, ,
() () , ( . , . .
.
5.3. ,
, .
, , . , : ,
( - ).
, . -
106
-
7/29/2019 Trofimov Boepripasy Dlq Nareznogo
107/347
, . (.. ), , .
, , , .
, , . . , , ()
.
, , , , , . .
5.4.
. , , , ,, , , .
( "Mollycoated bullets" "Moly"). 3-5%
, -
107
-
7/29/2019 Trofimov Boepripasy Dlq Nareznogo
108/347
. 23.
(Moly) .
, 1-2%, . , "" (Norma Precision AB),
6,5x55, 300 60 50,8 . "" (Sierra) 6,93 863 /.
.
, . , . , , , , , .
, , , .
108
-
7/29/2019 Trofimov Boepripasy Dlq Nareznogo
109/347
. 24. ,
X-bullet Barnes: 1 - ; 2 - ; 3 - ( Barnes).
-
7/29/2019 Trofimov Boepripasy Dlq Nareznogo
110/347
Barnes, , , 11%,
, , , , . ,
. , .
5.5.
( ) . , , , , ,
"" , , , .. .
5.5.1.
, "expansion" - .
110
-
7/29/2019 Trofimov Boepripasy Dlq Nareznogo
111/347
. 25. 7,62 , :
1 - 7,62x54R - ;
2 - 7,62x51 (.308 Win) ;3 - 7,62x39-8 - ;4 - 7,62x39-8 ;5 - 7,62x39 , (-);6 - 7,62x39 . ( -
, - ).
-
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() . "", .
: (.
) .
. .
.
( ) ( ), ( , , ,
).
, (
" "), .. "",
. ( 100% ).
112
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, .
( ) . 7,62 610 /.
. ,
, - "" , " " (Soft Point), , SP. "" (Hollow Poin HP)
XIX . .
, - . , 2-2,5 . - 10-12 6-8 -
. , , .
113
-
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. 26. () (): -
(85%) (10%) (5%); - - ; - ; - D ( - ) .
114
-
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- . , "-", , . " D", - . " D" ,
, .
5.5.2. "
"(Controlled expansion)
, . ,
,
.
"". . - - . , , .
115
-
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, , . , , , .
: , ..
, .
, ,
.
,
" " (Controlled Expansion)." " , .
. ,
. (, " ")
. , .
':*'.:'--f3'v.. -":..; .*>] .-.
:* ' - ' ' - . ' * *'* i - ^ ' ' " "
f-!-** '->'*
116
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5.5.3. " "(Premium bullets)
, " "(premium bullets). , ,, . .
, . , , . ,, "Premium HighEnergy" "Federal", "Nosier" . "" ,
"" "-" (X-Bullet) " " (TrophyBonded). " " (Fail Safe) . , - " " (NosierPartition) - "" (Solid Base) - " " (Ballistic Tip). , , . ,
, . .
117
-
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6.
, , , , .
, ,
. :, , , .
,
, . , , .
( ) . , .
. (. " ").
6.1. ,
, .
118
-
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, , .
, , , . .
, ,
.
6.1.1.
, . , ,
. , :
H=gt2/2
g (9,8 /2), t
. 1 (..
) 4,9 (9,8x1
2
/2= 4,9 ), 2 - 19,6 (9,822/2= 19,6 ), 3 - 44,1 , 4
- 78,4 . . , (
, ), (. 27. , ,
- . , , (. 28).
119
-
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. 27. , .
. 28. .
. 28, , , .
. .
-
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, , 3:2.
6.1.2. ,
, , .
, , , , , , 7,62- - 3,5 . 9,6 , , .
, . , ( 340 /), (. 29). , .
, , . , , . , , .
, ; , -
121
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. 29. , ( 340 /). : 1 - ; 2- ; 3 - ; 4 - .
. 30. (9,6 ) (11,8 )7,62- . 1891/30 .
. . ,
, . 30.
122
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-
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, (.. ). ,
. , .
. 240 /
;
. (),
, ()
. , , . , .
6.1.3.
6.1.3.1.
(bullet drop true drop -
)
,
(. 32). drop true drop
124
-
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50 100 150 200
. 32. .
(), " ".
, , .
:
(/) (J)
()
()
0
850
39380
50
818
364318
100
786
336672
150
755
3106166
200
725
2861302
300
666
2418721
400
610
20301359
, . , . , . , 150 ,
166 .
150 .
125
-
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6.1.3.2.
(Bullet Path -
)
. : (
), - (). . 33 , 300 . " "( "Bullet Path",
"Traectory", " "). "" 40 (1,6 ) 20 (0,8 ). 300 ,
.
, " ", .
- "ZeroRang" , Zero Rang
100 m 100 , Zero Rang 200 m 200 ..
, -
126
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, 100 (. 34). (
.
100
100
200, 300, 400 500 200 , 300 400 500 ,
. " " ().
, ,
.
(
, .
100
(
100 ), 200
, 300
, 400
500
. , ,
.
,
500 ,
100 (100
= 0),
500
,
,
.
( "" ),
" + " ( ),
"-" ( ).
"0", " - ",
(, , Zero Rang).
127
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00
-
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. 5. Scenar .30 10,9 .
, /,
,
,
08503938
0
508183643
18
1007863366
72
1507553106
166
200725
2861
302
300666
2418
721
4006102030
1359 , , :100
150 169 ( )200 300
-40
-40-40
-40-40
-2
+11+17
+28+69
0
+25+37
+59+142
-38
0+18
+51+166
-118
-68-44
0+175
-426
-350-314
-2490
-952
-851-803
-716-384
. 6. " " .30 11,6 250 40 .
.308 Win
.30-06
.300 Weat. Mag.
.30 Rem.UltraMag.
.30-378 Weat.Mag.
Silvertip
X-bullet,Moly
NosierPartition
NosierPartition
Fail Save
,
/
796
823
972
1006
1063
-..
(..)
0,469
0,524
0,471
0,471
0,493
,
17,8
19,8
26,7
29,3
32,2
129
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6.1.3.3. " "
, ( ) " " (. 34) - . .
.30, (11,6 ), 40 (. 6).
, " " , .
" " , . , , . - (, 43 (223) 21.10.1998).
6.1.3.4. . , . 35. , , . - , -
, - . :
. .
130
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( , ,
) . , 0 90. .
: , . ;
, - .
() , . .
. ()
( ) . , , ().
, ( ) , .
.
. (+), , (-), .
.
132
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. 35. .
. 36. :
- , ;
- ( );
- , ;
-,
;
- .
133
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.
. () ,
. , ( ), .
(. 36). .
. , ,
, - . , ( ) . , , .
, , , ( , )
, , .
, , , , . ,
, , .
134
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-
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), , , .
. , . ( ) ,
, , , .
. .
, ,
, , . . . ,
, .
, . ,
: , , . ,
, . , , , .
137
-
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. : , . , ( 20- ), , , , , . ,
, .
6.2. :
,
2 : 3 ; ; ;
- , ;
, ;
.
6.2.1. , ,
, - . ,
138
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. 38. .
, , (. 38).
, , ,
, . , .
. , .
6.2.3.
( 300 ). , 60 /, , 500 , ,
42 , 3 , 10 .
, - 560 660 .308 Win. 100 .
140
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. 7. .
, /
600-750 /
750-900 /900-1050 /1050-1200 /
1,2 /
2,4 /3,6 /4,8 /
700 900 /. , , 24 /.
, : 50 1,5 , 100 - 6 , 150 - 14 , 200 - 25 , 300 - 67 , 400 - 126 500 144 .
500-600 , - 630-680 , - 600-650 . , , , .
6.2.4.
,
.
. , , , , ( 340 /).
141
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, , . , , . , , .
,
(. 39), ,
, -
. 39. , .
142
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-
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, . . , . .
, : 170 000 / 2833 /. , ,
() 140 000 / (2333 /) 200 000 / (3333 /), .
:
W= V/(T* 0,0254),
: w , /; V , /; . , 935 / 1:12 935/(12 * 0,0254) = 3 067,5 /.
6.2.3.2.
. , "", , . ,
, 1000 5000 .
, .. . , . ,
147
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. 8. .
.17 Rem.
.22 Hornet
.222 Rem.
.223 Rem.
.222 Rem.Mag.
.224 Weat.Mag.
.22-250 Rem.
.220 Swift
.22 PPC
.225 Win.
6 PPC6mm BrRem..243 Win.
6mm Rem.
.240 WeatMag..250 Savage
.257 Roberts
.25-06 Rem.
.257 WeatMag.
.257 STW6,5 x 55 SwedishMauser
6,5 Rem.Mag.260 Rem,
.264 Win.Mag
.270 Win.
.270 WeatMag.7 X 57 Mauser
7mm-08 Rem.
.280 Rem..
7mm Rem.Mag7mm Weat.Mag.
9161414141414
1414141212109
101410101012
8
999101089101010
228,6
406,4
355,6
355,6
355,6
355,6
355,6
355,6355,6
355,6
304,8
304,8
254,0
228,6
254,0355,6
254,0
254,0
304,8304,8
203,2
228,6228,6
228,6254,0
304,8
203,2
228,6
254,0
254,0304,8
0,172
0,224
0,224
0,224
0,224
0,224
0,224
0,2240,224
0,224
0,243
0,243
0,243
0,243
0,2430,257
0,2570,257
0,257
0,257
0,264
0,2640,264
0,2640,277
0,277
0,284
0,284
0,284
0,2840,284
4,36
5,69
5,69
5,695,69
5,69
5,69
5,695,69
5,696,17
6,176,17
6,17
6,176,52
6,52
6,526,52
6,52
6,7
6,76,76,7
7,03
7,03
7,21
7,21
7,21
7,217,21
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. 8. .
7mm STW.284 Win..30-30 Win..300 Savage
.307 Win.
.308 Win.
.30-06 Spring.
.300 H&H Mag.
.300 Win.
.300 Weat. Mag.
.303 British8x57 Mauser8mm Rem.Mag..338 Win.Mag..340 WeatMag..375 Win..375 H&H Mag..378 WeatMag..416 Rem.Mag..416 Rigby.416 WeatMag..458 Win.Mag..460 WeatMag.
12
1012
1212
12
101010
1010
91010
1012
12101414101410
304,8
254,0304,8304,8304,8304,8254,0254,0254,0304,8254,0228,6254,0254,0304,8304,8304,8304,8355,6355,6355,6355,6355,6
0,284
0,2840,3080,3080,3080,3080,3080,3080,3080,3080,3110,3230,3230,3380,3380,3750,3750,3750,4160,416
0,4160,4580,458
7,21
7,217,82
7,827,82
7,82
7,827,827,82
7,82
7,898,28,28,58
8,589,52
9,529,5210,5610,5610,5611,6311,63
, Sierra Bullets :
= 0,06 * V * D2
/ L,
: = ; V - , /; D = ; L =
. ,
.308 Win., 1,35 2624/ (800 /) : 0,06 2624 0,308
2/ 1,35 =
11, 063 , 1: 11.
150
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. 43. ( ).
, . ( , --).
. , . 1891/1930 . 100 . 1908 . 0,6 , 400 - 4 , 500 - 7 , 1200 - 120. , .
( 90), , .
6.3.
!
.
: , , , , ..
152
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, , . , . , . " ", : "
... = i d2
/m, : i ; d ; m ...
. ..
". ,
, ,
. , ! , , !
.
1879 () 2, 8 4 1, 3 .
.
"". (Mayevski) 1869
2 0, 9 1, 1
153
-
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. - (Ingalls) , . , 100 ,
. XX
.
. , , . 1965 - (Win.-Western)
/, "G1", -
"G5". "G1" . , , "G1". "G5" (1 000 ).
(B.C.) . , , . ,
(). , 1,0.
154
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. 44. , . .
10 , .
- 1, , , . (, 400 )
, . , , 10 ,
.
B.C. =
, -
(Arthur Pejsa):
155
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. 9. (D, ) (W, ), 3 /, . .308 Win., (12,0 ) (900 /).
/
1
2
3
0,501
0,407
0,240
, W,
DWD
WD
W
,
0
0
0,00
0
0,000
0,00
200
-26
5,14
-27
6,43-29
11,63
400
-119
22,12
-125
28,25-145
55,44
600
-30153,99
-328
70,53-411
146,98
800
-609
104,62
-693
139,50-931
282,60
1000
-1096
178,22
-1307
239,17-1821451,02
, 3 /. B.C.
200 (. 9), 400 B.C.
. XX , B.C. () . , B.C.
. : (Gl.l, G5.1, G6.1,G7.1, GS, RA4, GL, GI). , , 10%;
B.C. .
, 15 , 760 Hg (1013 mbar) 78%. B.C.
158
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, CI = 1013 mbar/741 mbar = 1,367 2 = (-18C +273C) / (+15C + 273C) = 0,885. :
B.C. = CI x C2 x B.C. ,
B.C. = 1,367 x 0,885 x 0,319= 0,386.
, B.C.,
6,5 ( 6,5x55 Swidish Mauser 10,1 Lapua), B.C. 0,377. . - .
6.4.
6.4.1.
, , . , . . - . , ""
, , , .
160
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" " . , " ", () . , .
,
, , , , . ,
, :
( 30 ) 300 ( 3);
( 50 ) 350 ( 3,5 );
( 1,5 )
500 ( 5).
, ,
( ) , .
. - . (2000), " " -
6 - 173161
-
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. 46. : 1 - ; 2 - ; 3 - ; 4 - (" "); 5 - ; 6 - ; 7 - ; 8 - .
-
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40 ", , 40 . 20-30
. (. 46). , 30-40 ,
. , .
, 40 . 10-20 ,
, .
( ) . ( )
, .
:
. "".
.
163
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(
. 47. , "MRD" (.) GEE (.),
TMR 11,2 (Teilmantel-Rundkopf) 7x64, - TMR ().
,
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. 150 . 77 5 , 200 (. ) 13 . , "" 0 170 . , 7,62x39 150 .
7,62x39-8 ,
, , , . ( ) 25 , (
, ). ,
200 . , 11 , . 20-25 .
7,62x39-9,7 9,7 . , , 30-30 Win. . 100 50 2 , 100 , , 150
9 , 200 - 25 , 300 - 90 . 150 6 , 200 15 ,
167
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5-6 , , , () 120-130 ,
, , 0 140 . . , . .
140 , 170 . , ,
200 . ""
.
7,62x51-9,7 9,7 . , , -
. . , 100 - 1,6 , 200 - 7,8 300 20 .
, , ,
, , 250 , 0 270 .
169
-
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, , , . 250 "" , , , , , .
7,62x54R 13 ,
. : 100 2,14 , 200 9,8 , 300 24 .
, , 200 , 250 .
9,3x53 15 . 100
-3,5 , 200 15,6 300 45 . , 200 ,
.
6.4.1.
,
:
. . 100 ,
170
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. , . ,
. , , 300 , 100 ,
.
( - 100 100 (91 ) - 300 300 - 273 ) , ( The MostRecomended Distance MRD (
), GunstigsteEinschieB-Entfernung GEE (Maximum Point Blank
Range PBR), , . .
.222 Rem., Nosier Hirtenberger 3,56 , 957 /, 5,6x39. 100 , 150 . 50 - 1,0 , 100 - 0, 150 - 3,5 . 300 , 42 , .
171
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137 (150 ), 274 (300 ). 46 (50 ) 1,3 , 91 (100 ) 2,3 , 137 - 0, 183 (200 ) - 6,1 ,
228 (250 ) - 16,8 , 273 33 . 183 (200 ),
457 (500 ). 91 (100 ) - 5 , 137 - 4,6, 183 0, 228 (250 ) 9,1 , 273 24 , 366 (400 ) 76,7 , 457 (500 )
173 . (MRD GEE)
195 . 300 . 50 1 , 100 4 , 150 3,5 , 200 0,5 , 300 24 .
.
0 PBR=225 .
.308 Wichester, Nosier Hirtenberger 9,7 , 890 /, 7,62x51. 100 , 150 . 50 + 0,9 , 100 - 0;: 150 4,8 , 183 - 11,4 , 228 23,6, 274 - 40,4 .
183 (200 ), 457 (500 ). 91 (100
) 5,8 , 137 4,8, 183 0, 228 (250 ) 9,1 , 273
23,1 , 366 (400 ) - 68,3 , 457 (500 ) - 141,5 . (MRD GEE)
180 . 300 .
172
-
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173/347
50 + 1 , 100 + 4 , 150 + 2,5 , 200 -3,0 , 300 -29 .
.
0 PBR=210 .
.30-06 Springfield, Vulkan Norma 12,96 , 805 / ( , 7,62x54R).
100 , 150 . 50 1,1 , 100 0;: 150 5,6 .
(MRD GEE) - 150 . 300 . 50 2,5 , 100
- 3,5 , 150 - 0, 200 9,0 , 300 51 . .
0 PBR=190.
6.5.
, .
, , , .
, -
173
-
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-
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. 10. Scenar .30 10,9 .
, , /
, ,
, ,
: 100
150 169 ( )200 300
,, :3 /6 /
0850
39380
-40
-40
-40
-40-40
00
50818
364318
-2
+11
+17
+28+69
48
100786
336672
0
+25
+37
+59+142
1734
150755
3106166
-38
0
+18
+51+166
3978
200725
2861302
-118
-68
-44
0+175
69138
300666
2418721
-426
-350
-314
-2490
156312
400610
20301359
-952
-851
-803
-716-384
277555
" , 3 / 6 /:
, ( ) . , 200 10 /,
3 / 200 3, 1 /, .. 69 /3 = 23 .
175
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176
. 48. .
10, 10 /, 23 10 = 230 . .
, , . , ,
, . . 48 , .
, :
= Cos a .
, :
~ Sin a
Scenar
.30 10,9 850 /. 6 / 30 . 300 .?
-
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177/347
, = 6 / Sin 30 . = 6 / 0,5 = 3 /. .10 , 3 /
300 156 . 6 / Cos 30 = 6 / 0,866= 5,2 /. , , .
,
.
" ", (. 49). ,
12, : , -, -.
,
. , 3 9 .
- , , , , .
1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10 11 . , . 6 12 .
. , . .
, , - . , .
177
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, .
( 45,
135, 225, 315) , .
. , ,
.
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: , .
1. () . . (. 50). : - 2 /, - 4-5 / - 8-10 /.
2. : , ,
.
, , , .
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. 11. .
0
12
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5
6
7
8
9
1011
12
, ,
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, () , , , "" ,
, ,
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/
0
12-3
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9-10
11-13
14-17
18-20
21-26
27-3132-36
36
/
0
3,65-12
13-1920-30
31-37
38-48
49-63
64-73
74-94
95-112115-130
130
/
1
1-34-7
8-1213-18
19-24
25-31
32-38
39-46
47-54
55-63
64-72
73-82
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. 12. (11,8 ) . 1930 . 7,62 .
, (2 /) (4 /) - (8 /)
1001
2
4
2004
8
18
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20
41
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84
50034
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200
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, , "" , , .
.
, , . . , , , , . ,
, . .
-
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(), ( ). 1 1/60 . 1,145 (2,91 ) 100 .
(), . ( ) :
( ) ( .)=
: .30, .308 Win. .30-06Springfield. . 15 500 (457 ).
, 300 , 10 /, - 3 (
, .. )3x10/15 = 2 2
? 1/4 , 2x4=8 . , - 2, .. - 4 .
6.5.2. ,
. , , , . ,
, (. 15) .
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. 15. 7,62
10,
,
100200300400500
6007008009001000
, (9,6 )
-1247
1221355480
(11,8 )
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. ,
, , . , , . .
,
1 /. 50-60 /. , , . . "" - +15.
, . , , -
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, : , ,
, "" ( ).
( ) 10
( ) 7 /. , (
50 15%). () 40 20%, 50 - 30%. , .
(. . 1-2 ).
6.5.3.
2000 . , , 7-8 750-900 /,
2000 10 , 500 15 , 600 45 . 2500 12, 20 55 .
6.5.4.
. , -
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, . ,
, .
, . , , , , , .
, . , , .
6.6. ( - Minute
Of Angle)
6.6.1.
, .. "
" ., . : 360 , 1 60 , 21 600 .
, (. 51),
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. 51. ()
.
:
= 2 tan_,((C/2)/d), d - ,
, 100 , 200 ,
300 10 1000.
, 1 100 , , 1 ( ) , , 2 200 , 4 400
.
100 , 200 , 10 - 500
187
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. 16. (1 ).
1 (1) 1 1
100
1
1,047
2,659
200
2
2,094
5,319
300
3
3,141
7,979
400
4
4,188
10,639
500
5
5,235
13,299
. . , , * . , . , . , =1/4 , 300 (274 ) 15 (38,1) . : 15 ()/3 (
) =5 20 .,
1 ., , 6 100
, ? ,
.
. 17. (1 ).
1 ,
100
2,9089
200
5,817
300
8,726
400
11,635
500
14,544
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6.6.2.
. , 1
100 2,9089 . 1 100 10. 1 .. 1 10/2,9089 =3,4377 . - .
. 10 , :
= 2 * tan4(10/2)/(100*100)) = 2 * 0,0005 = 0,001
1 .1 = 360*60/(2*3,14*1000) = 3,4377 .
() Mil-Dot.
6.7. .
15-16 (, ), "" . , ,
. "
" " " , , ,
. , . ,
189
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. .
. .
. , . , . , . , .
. 18. ,
140 , 40 ( + -). 40 , 1,31. 106,87 , , 100 . 100 , .
. ,
, , , Sierra Bullets.
. 18. .
, 202530
1,061,101,15
, 354045
1,221,311,41
191
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, (true drop), (path) 100 , ,
100
0
0,0
+4,0
-
50
-1,5
+0,2
0,2
100
-6,3
150
-15,3
-3,8
0,9
200
-29,3
-12,7
2,2
250
-49,5
-27,8
3,8
300
-77,3
-50,5
5,8
350
-114,7
-82,7
8
400
-164,2
-127,0
10,9
450
-228,9
-186,4
14,2
500
-312,2
-264,3
18,2
. 19. (true drop) ().
.22 LR
.223
.22-2507mm Rem.Mag..270.308
.30-06
.300Wby.Mag.
.338 Win. Mag.
.375 H&H
.45-70
, , 91
3264735535865
64426073136
1831471211152225247277
268178253259595
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, , , ( ),
( ). . ,
, . -
( "" ), " + "( ), "" ( ).
.223 Rem, 100 , 40 . (true drop) (path) , () :
( ), 25 , R, R = 500 .
Cos (25) = 0,906. (truedrop), 500 , 312,2 .
312 (1-Cos (25)),
30 . 500 . , ,
7 - 1 7 3 193
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. 20. (%)
.
, .
8
101520304560
90 ( )
, %
1,0
1,53,46,013,429,350100
. 21. .
,
500600700800
,
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 ,
5102030
10254070
103560
154580140
205595170
2570115205
, 100 .
(path) 500 , 264, 3 . "" 264,3 +30 , 234 . 234 .
16,1 64 ,
1/4 . , 500 18,2 73 .
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(truedrop). ,
(bullet path)
. 1,6 (40,6 ). (true drop), , . , (Petersen's Rifle Shooter, April 1998, pp. 41-43) , .
. . . , . -,
.
, . -, , . -, .
6.8. , , ( ),
, , (, ), , , . ( , 0 90). , .
195
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3. , , , , 5-7 , .
4. , :) 200 ,
60% 1000 , 15% 2000 ;
) 600 (90%) , 15% 1900 ;
) 1400 80% , 2000 ;) 2000 50% ,
10% 2700 ; .
5. , 1400 ,
1800 .
6. , ,
30, . . .7. .8.
, . 40% , , .
, , %
.9. ( 1000 /) .
197
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10. . , , .
-
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7. 7.1.
7.1.1.
300-345 /; V0 450/
( ) . ,
600-1200 /. (V0 700 /), (V
0= 760-950 /,
7,62 11,63 ) (V
0= 950 / 1000-1200 /,
"" 900 /). , Lazzeroni Arms Company 1265 /.
, , . :
1) ,
2) , ,
3) .
199
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, "" " ", , , . , 1000 /, , , ..,
. ,
, , .
.308 , - . , ,
. . , , -44 . 1891/30 . (Vo) 865 /, 800 /. .300 "" (.300WinchesterMagnum, .300 & Magnum, .308 Norma Magnum)
878-920 /, .. . 1891/30 ., ""
1005-1066 /. - (.375 .500) 731-890 /.
: .14-222,.17 Remington, .220 Swift, .22 Accelerator, .22-250,
Weatherby Magnum (.224, .300, .30-378), Vom Hoffe Super Express (5,6x61, 7x66), 6,5 Schuler,.300 Rem. Ultra Magnum .338/50 Talbot,
200
-
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Lazzeroni Arms Company, A-Square .338 Excalibur .300Pegasus.
7.1. 2. ("" "") "" "-
" -
. " " "" 1912 , Holland & Holland ("-") .375 Belted Rimless Magnum ( -
) Holland & Holland. ""
, . "" , ,
: , ,
( ) .. "" -
( 2,85 72,4) - " "(Belted case). 1950- 1960-
"" (63,5 ) "
" (Short Magnum); , -
201
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. 53. "".
-
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. 1980- "" "over-bore", .. , (30-40
), "-"(Ultra Magnum). .
3700-3800 (370-380 ), 4900 (.458 Winchester Magnum), "-" 4000-4200 (.300 Remington UltraMagnum, .300 Lazzeroni Warbird, .300 Pegasus, .460
Weatherby Magnum). .
, . , , .
, . 375 & Magnum 770 /, 50- "" 850-900 /. ""
900 / ( 1050 / ). . , . , "" 50-100
.
7.1.3. , "", "",
"", " " . ""
.
203
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"Match", "Benchrest", "International".
. , ."Match"
, . , 1000 .
"Benchrest" -
100 200 (NationalBenchrest Shooters Association NBRSA) (International Benchrest Shooters IBS) . , .
"International" -
300 ( )."Varmint"
, ( ). , , , 200 1000 , .222, .223, 243 .. , . "" - .
, , ( "") .
204
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. 54. (Benchrest Shooting).
. 55. "" - 300 .
205
-
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. 56. "". : , , , .
"Wildcat" , , ,
. (Wildcat . . , , ). "". , . wildcat-
, , . , .
7.2.
. (. , 2000, 2)
-
206
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, "" (Sierrabullets), "" (Speer) "" (Hornady), . , .30 (.300),
7,62, . , ,
80 . 7 ( 7,21 ) 40 , .270 ( 7,04 ) 24
.
. ,
-
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7.3. ,
- ,
, , ( 100 100 (91 ) 2-2,5 (50-63 ); 1-1,5 (25-38 ). , - Winchester M70 .270
Winchester 8,42 9,72 -46 . "" Krieghoff Hubertus 6,5x57R RWS Kegelspitz 7 31 .
- Weatherby Mark V Accumark .378 Weatherby Magnum,
Nosier Ballistic Tip 11,66 (Vo - 1045 /, 0 - 649 ) - 20 ; Hornady BTSP 12,31 (Vo 1008 /, 0 - 38 ) - 23 .
7.4. 7.4.1.
7.4.1.1. ,
. , : (), ? ,
208
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-
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. , .
, ,
, . .308 Win. , - . , . ,
"--" 6,5x54 ( . " "). , .
1. ,
. . ,
5,6-7 , 9 .
2. , . ( ) ( ) " ".
3. - 7,62 , - 13 .
210
-
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4. . . , , . EAW, - , . ,
, , .
, ,
. , . ,
, "-"
7.4.1.2.
,
. .
, -
211
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- , , , , -.
, - . , , , ,
( ). - , , , , . , , . , , . , . , ,
, 2,5 . , , . ,
. DynamitNobel (RWS), Winchester. , , Sellier & Bellot, , , . / Norma, ( ).
, " " (. 22).
212
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. 22.