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Transition to Digital AcquisitionPresented to USDA Imagery Planning Meeting 12/04/08By: Alistair Stuart
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Transition to Digital AcquisitionTransition to Digital Acquisition
From film-based photography to digital image acquisition.
90 years90 years
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Transition to Digital AcquisitionTransition to Digital Acquisition
General Benefits of Digital Acquisition:
Superior image quality
12-bit image data
4-band multispectral
Higher geometric accuracy
Compressed delivery schedule
Completely electronic workflows
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Transition to Digital AcquisitionTransition to Digital Acquisition
Image acquisition programs:
National imagery programs: NAIP, IFTN
Traditional resource imagery: Forest Service
Small area acquisition progams: - natural resource management & conservation
- water resource / wetlands management
- fish & wildlife
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NAIPNAIP
Transition to digital already well under way (>85% in 2008)
4 primes are DMC users
Ideal program for large-format digital sensors:
- Large area coverage
- Rapid turnaround
- Ortho deliverable
- 4-band
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NAIP NAIP -- FutureFuture
100% digital in 2009
4-band multispectral
Tighter absolute positional accuracy requirements
Morph into IFTN?
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Forestry Resource ProgramsForestry Resource Programs
Applications include:
Vegetation species mapping
Wildfire fuel mapping
Resource inventory, timber yield measurement
Facilities mapping and design
Requirements:
Higher resolution (1 foot)
60% forward overlap for stereo coverage
ABGPS & IMU, Aerial Triangulation
4-band (RGB & NIR)
Pilot projects flown in 2008 with DMC
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Small Area Acquisition ProgramsSmall Area Acquisition Programs
Includes:
NRI/PSU National Resource Inventory / Primary Sample Units
FIA Forest Inventory and Analysis
CRP Conservation Reserve Program
WRP Wetlands Reserve Program
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Small Area Acquisition ProgramsSmall Area Acquisition Programs
Future Trends:
Film -> Digital
Natural Color -> 4-band Multispectral
Photo Analysis -> Orthoimages and GIS Mapping
Increasing positional accuracy requirements:- ABGPS and IMU data
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Transition to Digital AcquisitionTransition to Digital Acquisition
Categories of digital sensors:
Large format – FOV equal or greater than 6” film cameras- large area ortho programs created new market- big investment required(> $1M)
Medium format – FOV ~ 50% of 6” film cameras- more affordable- until now, no metric or 4-band sensors available- potential replacement of 6” film cameras for other applications
Small format- not interesting – don’t meet geometric / radiometric requirements
- previous “medium format” sensors should actually be here
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Transition to Digital AcquisitionTransition to Digital Acquisition
Intergraph Solutions include:
DMC large format metric digital mapping camera
RMK D medium format metric digital mapping camera
Z/I Mount 3-axis gyro-stabilized mount
Z/I Inflight GPS flight management system
GPS/IMU direct georeferencing systems
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Transition to Digital AcquisitionTransition to Digital Acquisition
Intergraph Sensors:
Custom-designed, high quality optics
Metric cameras - geometric accuracy
Electronic Forward Motion Compensation
4-band multispectral
Field-serviceable – maximize uptime
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Transition to Digital AcquisitionTransition to Digital Acquisition
Intergraph Sensors:
Custom-designed, high quality optics
Metric cameras - geometric accuracy
Electronic Forward Motion Compensation
4-band multispectral
Field-serviceable – maximize uptime
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Transition to Digital AcquisitionTransition to Digital Acquisition
Intergraph Sensors:
Custom-designed, high quality optics
Metric cameras - geometric accuracy
Electronic Forward Motion Compensation
4-band multispectral
Field-serviceable – maximize uptime
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Transition to Digital AcquisitionTransition to Digital Acquisition
Intergraph Sensors:
Custom-designed, high quality optics
Metric cameras - geometric accuracy
Electronic Forward Motion Compensation
4-band multispectral
Field-serviceable – maximize uptime
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DMC Digital Mapping Camera
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DMC OverviewDMC Overview
Large format (13,824 x 7,680 pixel) metric frame camera
Custom Optics by Carl Zeiss F = 120mm FOV = 70° x 42°
Shutter, aperture continuously variable: 1/50 – 1/300 sec ; f/4 – f/22
Electronic (TDI) Forward Motion Compensation
Radiometric resolution: 12 bit
Frame rate: 2.1 sec / image
4-band Multispectral (B, G, R, NIR), pan-sharpened
Solid State data storage – cartridges hold up to 2,000 images each
Higher mapping accuracy than film
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DMC ApplicationsDMC Applications
Suitable for deployment on:
NAIP
IFTN (all proposed resolutions)
Forest resource mapping
Any other large area programs
Also capable of large scale mapping
Versatility!
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San Juan RiverSan Juan River
• 1st DMC Project in North America
• Performed in mid-year 2003
• Collection by 3001, Inc.
• 1.0’ pixel, 800 frames
• Delivered RGB, CIR, PAN • State-wide ortho projects
• 1.0 meter pixel
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• Large-scale engineering projects
• < 5cm pixel
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Data ClassificationData Classification
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RMK DRMK D
The New Medium Format Digital Aerial Camera from Intergraph
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RMK D OverviewRMK D Overview
Medium format (6000 x 6500 pixels) metric frame camera
Custom Optics by Carl Zeiss F = 45mm FOV = 52° x 55°
Electronic (TDI) Forward Motion Compensation
Frame rate: 1 second / image
Radiometric resolution: 12 bit
4-Band B, G, R, NIR – Full resolution, no Bayer pattern
Solid-state data storage
Light weight (~130 lbs) and Power-efficient (25Amp max load)
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RMK D OverviewRMK D Overview
Metric accuracy for even large-scale mapping projects
Higher B/H ratio ( 0.42 ) for vertical accuracy
Swath width approx 50% of DMC
Entry-level pricing ~50% of large-format sensors
Affordable to small businesses
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RMK D ApplicationsRMK D Applications
Suitable for deployment on:
Small Area Programs
NRI PSU
WRP
Others?
Pilot projects in 2009?
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US Commercial CapacityUS Commercial Capacity
Systems deployed to date in the US:
DMC 25 systems, of which 21 are with commercial users
RMK D First systems to be installed in 2009
Future Potential:
Film camera replacements: 150
DMC Units Sold in US (Cumulative)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
DMCs
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Transition to Digital AcquisitionTransition to Digital Acquisition
Conclusions:
Transition for some large area programs almost complete
New metric medium format sensors suitable for small area programs
Significant benefits to users: image data quality and versatility
Digital acquisition capacity of commercial fliers increasing