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Vision of Transit Oriented Development (TOD)
& Introduction to TOD Policy
Transit Oriented Development (TOD)Public and Stakeholder Consultations
conducted by
UTTIPEC, Delhi Development Authority
21 Februrary 2013
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Our Delhi and Our Present:Typical Day in the Life of our Common Man…
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Dropping off the Kids…
Dropping the kids off to school
8:30 A.M.
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On Way to Office 9:30 A.M.The strenuous journey to work
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Out for Lunch 1:30 P.M.Trying to get an affordable meal from “illegal hawkers”
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Returning Back Home 7:30 P.M.The jammed journey back.
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Out on Errands for Daily NeedsEndless haggling with autowaalas….on broken footpaths
Or non-existent footpaths….and broken feet!
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A Common Vision for Our Delhi:Peep Into The Future
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Imagine waking up in a new, high‐rise apartment block, and strolling to the nearest metro station, which is a five‐minute walk away. En route, you drop off laundry at the dry cleaner, whose street‐facing shop is on the ground floor of your apartment building. Young mothers are ferrying babies in strollers to the neighborhood public park for a morning outing. Vegetable vendors are setting up their produce for the day in designated spots on the pavement.
Cyclists pass by in segregated cycle lanes. Buses, cars and scooters and motorbikes keep to themselves on the roads, out of reach of pedestrians. Designated crossings allow you to access the metro station and reach the platform safely, without any unanticipated collisions with a vehicle of any kind. Is this New York, London or Shanghai? According to UTTIPEC, this could be New Delhi, if it chooses to adopt transit‐oriented development.
.‐ Aparna Piramal Raje,
Live Mint
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On Way to Office 9:30 A.M.
Graphics by: Oasis Design Inc. for UTTIPEC, DDA
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Out for Lunch 1:30 P.M.
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2:00 P.M.No Need to Pick Up Kids- They can Cycle Back to Home
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7:00 P.M.Shopping on Way Back from Office
Graphics by: In-house team, UTTIPEC, DDA
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Enjoying a Weekend of Retail Therapy!
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Need for a Paradigm Shift in Planning
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People at the center stage of planning for the future
Current planning norms are apt for a city of machines ?
Graphics by: In-house team, UTTIPEC, DDA
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People at the center stage of planning for the future
TOD planning norms are apt for people
Graphics by: In-house team, UTTIPEC, DDA
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Planning for Sustainable Future
SustainableDELHI
ECONOMIC
ENVIRONMENTAL
• Prosperity• Affordability• Employment• Attracting investment• Flourishing entrepreneurship• Equity of access• Lifestyle Choices
SOCIAL• Equity of access to amenities,
transit, infrastructure.• Safety• Affordability• Civic Pride• Heritage• Democracy &
Transparency
• Air Quality• Water Quality• Water & Energy Supply• Climatic Comfort• Cleanliness & Hygiene
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Transit Oriented DevelopmentVision for Delhi
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SAFER DELHI
1) Create safe ‘usable’ public spaces through design.
2) Bring eyes on street through Hawkers.
Social Goal 1:
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“Delhi is India's crime capital..” – TOI, June 2008
“The most unsafe time out - 40% felt unsafe between 8 and 10 am and 5 and 7 pm. 31% felt unsafe in mid-afternoon.Most unsafe places - 45% identified buses as the most unsafe; 25% the roadside; 6.7% found bus stops...”– A Delhi Police survey on women’s safety, 05 March 2006.
Source: http://southasia.oneworld.net/article/view/127142/1/
Can a Woman Walk Alone Safely on the Streets of Delhi After 7:00 PM?Q.
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1. Resettlement of weaker sections outside the city to unserved places like SavdaGhevra, Bhalsawa etc.
2. Lack of basic facilities and sense of self-pride in life at inner city slums.3. Removal of hawkers and vendors (who are eyes on streets).
Problem
Graphics by: Oasis Design Inc. for UTTIPEC, DDA
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Solution1. Inclusinve planning - Integrate all income groups into community planning and design.2. Provide shared scoail amenties and physical infrastructure within inclusive communities.3. Provide designated space for hawkers and vendors (who are eyes on streets).
Graphics by: NilaA Architects for UTTIPEC, DDA
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Deserted Wide Road
Graphics by: In-house team, UTTIPEC, DDA
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Transformation : Option 01
Graphics by: In-house team, UTTIPEC, DDA
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Transformation : Option 02Daytime
Graphics by: In-house team, UTTIPEC, DDA
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Transformation : Option 02Night-time
Graphics by: In-house team, UTTIPEC, DDA
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Q. Would you feel safer walking on streets with huge setbacks and no people?
Graphics by: In-house team, UTTIPEC, DDA
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Eyes on the street
For Safety: Create “Eyes on the Street” ….1)
Graphics by: In-house team, UTTIPEC, DDA
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Benefits of Hawkers:
• They keep streets clean, busy, vibrant and safe.
• They provide a variety of cheaper food and retail options for the public.
• They express our culture.
• They generate self-employment.
Hawkers are good for Safety!2)
Graphics by: NilaA Architects for UTTIPEC, DDA
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For Safety: Hawkers are good for Safety!2)
Benefits of Hawkers:
• They keep streets clean, busy, vibrant and SAFE.
• They provide a variety of cheaper food and retail options for the public.
• They express our culture.
• They generate self-employment.
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CLEAN, GREEN & USABLE
Open spaces play multiple functions:
1) Safe ‘usable’ public spaces for young, old, rich & poor.
2) Working landscapes that capture, purify and treat storm water runoff.
Social Goal 2:
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Many of Delhi’s parks are unwatched, underused, inaccessible and unsafe for women & the disabled.
Example below: This beautiful green space/ park at ITO is inaccessible to the thousands of people working daily in this area – due to lack of pedestrian crossings to reach the park, lack of safety, accessibility and ‘eyes on the park’.
1
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Make Parks – NOT JUST beautiful, but Usable too.
Change graphic-Meenakshi to help
Graphics by: In-house team, UTTIPEC, DDA
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Make existing Parks & Public Spaces usable & safe!
Make Parks intimate and “watched” by surrounding buildings
Lajpat Nagar
Picture Source: Mitali Ganguly
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Only 15% of any Typical Neighbourhood is green/ soft surface which allows Water Infiltration.
2
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So building Parking under parks would cause more local flooding and more water logging on roads…..
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2
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• Parks can be multi-use green spaces throughout the year;• In monsoons, they transform into storm water swales or detention ponds…
Source: Storm Water Guidelines, OASIS Design INC.
Utilize Parks as “Working Landscapes”:
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Utilize Parks as “Working Landscapes”:
Source: Storm Water Guidelines, OASIS Design INC.
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Utilize Road Greens as “Working Landscapes”:
Source: Storm Water Guidelines, OASIS Design INC.
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Advantages:- Reduced Flooding- Less pressure and reduced sizing for Municipal Storm Water Treatment Plants.- PREVENT POLLUTING THE YAMUNA!!
A Holistic a 3-Tier Approach:
1: Treat at Source(streets, parks)
2: Natural Conveyance(minimal piping)
3: Natural Storm Water Treatment
Utilize Parks and Open Spaces for Natural Storm Water Management.
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Bio-swales in Parks in Lucknow: Sewage Treatment beds in Mumbai:Built Working Examples:
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GETTING AROUND EASILY
1) Make transferring between modes easy
2) Design streets for ALL, not JUST cars.
3) Provide high density mixed use developments (residential. office, entertainment & civic uses) with 5-min walk of Metro Stations.
Social Goal 3:
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How am I commuting?
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Most People in Delhi Walk or Use Public Transport!1
Walking and Bus are the dominant modes of transport in Delhi.
We need to promote Walking and NMT* to reduce Car/ 2W dependency, as people tend to use cars/ 2‐wheelers
even for small trips. This would also reduce traffic jams!!
*NMT = Non Motorized Transport
Data Source: RITES Transport Demand Forecast Study for Dept. of Transport, GNCTD, 2010
BICYCLE 4% CAR/TAXI
9%
2W14%
BUS 27%
METRO 3%
TRAIN 1%
AUTO RICKSHAW 5%
CYCLE RICKSHAW 2%
WALK ONLY 35%
Modal Share Delhi 2008
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Short Trips (4‐10 KM) need to move back to Buses.
So that car users can shift to Metro!!
BICYCLE 4% CAR/TAXI
9%
2W14%
BUS 27%
METRO 3%
TRAIN 1%
AUTO RICKSHAW 5%
CYCLE RICKSHAW 2%
WALK ONLY 35%
Modal Share Delhi 2008 Buses stuck in congested roads
Reverse Mode Shift Happening …. Bus Users shifting to Metro!1
Data Source: RITES Transport Demand Forecast Study for Dept. of Transport, GNCTD, 2010
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Metro Overcrowded – Car/ 2W users unable to Use Metro or Bus!
Short Trips (4‐10 KM) need to move back to Buses.
So that car users can shift to Metro!!
BICYCLE 4% CAR/TAXI
9%
2W14%
BUS 27%
METRO 3%
TRAIN 1%
AUTO RICKSHAW 5%
CYCLE RICKSHAW 2%
WALK ONLY 35%
Modal Share Delhi 2008
1
Data Source: RITES Transport Demand Forecast Study for Dept. of Transport, GNCTD, 2010
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80% of Trips in Delhi are below 10 km.Walking, Cycling & Bus are the Dominant Travel modes in Delhi.
48
6271
7883
9095 97 99 99 100
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0‐2 2‐4 4‐6 6‐8 8‐10 10‐15 15‐20 20‐25 25‐30 30‐35 >35
% o
f trips
Trip lengths Distribution in Delhi (KMs)
40%;2-10 km
10%;>10 km
50%;0-2 km
Public Transport Travel Modes as per Trip Length & Time:1
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Planning & Design parameters that lead to Private Vehicle dependency.
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Planning Level - Failure of Existing Transport NetworkDelhi Traffic dependent on major arterial roads even for short Local Trips!
Image Source: Google satellite imagery
2
A
B
How to go from A to B?
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Planning Failure of Existing Road NetworkEven for short Local trips, we have to get on to busy Arterial Roads..
Image Source: Google satellite imagery
2
A
B
How to go from A to B?
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Therefore all traffic concentrates on few Arterial Roads..Delhi: Present China: The Future we are heading to ?
Image Source: internet
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To deal with heavy Arterial Traffic, we make them Signal free!
This causes highly increased fatality for pedestrians and cyclists
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Average Peak Hour Speed - 5-10Km/Hr
Average Off-Peak Hour Speed - 100Km/Hr
Image Source: Internet
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Source: Delhi Traffic Police
• There are more than 2100 accidents occurred during 2010.
• Ring Road has recorded the highest fatal accidents followed by Outer Ring Road, Rohtak Road, G.T.KarnalRoad.
• The maximum casualty in the fatal accidents are pedestrians & 2 wheelers.
• The maximum accidents have occurred during the lean hours both in the morning & night.
Road Safety for Pedestrians is Compromised by ‘Signal-free’.
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Ring Road
Outer Ring Road
Rohtak Road
G T K Road
Mathura Road
N. H.‐8
Mahrauli Badarpur Road
Najafgarh Road
G. T. Road
Wazirabad Road PedestriansTwo WheelersSelf
Fatal Accidents in 2010
• The reasons for all accidents are:1. Signal free high speed corridors.2. Insufficient/ No pedestrian
Crossing facilities.3. Central verge without grills.4. No speed breakers/ rumble strips
on long stretches.5. Absence of dedicated lanes for
slow moving vehicles.6. Heavy volume of traffic.7. Glaring during night etc.
2
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Traffic diffused into new linkages reducing load on Arterial roads/ junctionsThe City needs to be retrofitted to create Networks, not flyovers.
Indicative picture only.Image source: Google satellite imagery
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At Block/ Community Level
15 min Walk
Bus/ MRTS StopBus/ MRTS Stop
3Current Norms encourage Large block sizes: increase walking distances.
Image Source: Internet
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2-minute walk
Block/ Community LevelFiner Street Network would increase Connectivity
Image Source: Internet
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• The supply of extra wide roads with resultant heavily encroached footpaths, discourage non‐motorised travel modes
Inequitable Distribution of Road Space4 Context
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• Street Design Guidelines provided for Safety and Pride of Place for All Modes
Equitable Distribution of Road Space4
Graphics by: In-house team, UTTIPEC, DDA
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An existing Commercial Project near a Metro Station
• Current Norms cause Building interface with the footpath, making the building unfriendly to pedestrians.
Buildings Mainly Welcome Private Cars! 5 Context
Image Source: DMRC website 2006
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• TOD norms allow the building to be safe & comfortable for all modes.
Buildings should welcome both pedestrians & cars!5
Image Source: Google Earth Imagery
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WITH CIVIC PRIDESocial Goal 4:
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Indian style socialism
Aurangzeb Road…. … and Govindpuri
CSE team have counted 3 persons per 10 minutes in Aurangzeb Road and 100 person per five minutes in Govindpuri.
TOD planning norms address real needs of real people.
Source: CSE
Context
Near perfect wide footpaths & Trees No footpaths or Amenities
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As per National Law, all public spaces must be Universally Accessible.As per National Law, all public spaces must be Universally Accessible.
Graphic Source: SamarthyamImage Source: Samarthyam
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Carter Road Promenade, Mumbai
All Public spaces should be available & usable to all income groups…
Image Source: Internet
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Carter Road Promenade, Mumbai
All Public spaces should be available & usable to all income groups…
Image Source: Internet
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Image Source: Internet
Equitable and well designed public spaces instill Civic Pride.Equitable and well designed public spaces instill Civic Pride.
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Creating shared Amenities creates inter-social tolerance, instills Civic Pride.
Graphics by: Oasis Design for UTTIPEC, DDA
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INCLUSIVESocial Goal 5:
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Where do I live?
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Rs. 30,000- 60,000/(~3.60- 7.20 Lakh p.a.)
Above Rs. 60,000/-(~above 7.20 Lakh p.a.)
microHomeSolutions
Average Monthly Income
Income Distribution of Delhi &home product relationship to income brackets….
Rs. 5,000-30,000/(~60,000- 3,60,000 p.a.)
Rs. 5,000/-(~60,000 p.a.)
3. Housing budget is based on most common lending scenario for micro-mortgage: – 12% API on 15-year loan – and assumes a family spends 30% of income on housing.
1. Source: Consumer Pyramids, Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy P Ltd.2. Monthly budget for Housing is equal to 30% of income, the global standard for affordability of housing. (Developing Affordable Housing, by Ben Hecht.
22%
55%
4.5%
18%
Current Housing Availability
LIMITED FORMAL SUPPLY OF OWNERSHIP HOUSING
EXISTING HOUSING MARKET
LIVING IN UNAUTHORIZED COLONIES OR SLUMSLIVING IN UNAUTHORIZED COLONIES OR SLUMS
LIVING IN SLUMS/ OR, SLEEPING ON FOOTPATHS
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Rs. 30,000- 60,000/(~3.60- 7.20 Lakh p.a.)
Above Rs. 60,000/-(~above 7.20 Lakh p.a.)
EXISTING HOUSING MARKET
INTERESTED IN STARTER HOME OWNERSHIP
NEED FOR SHELTERS
microHomeSolutions
Average Monthly Income
Income Distribution of Delhi &home product relationship to income brackets….
Possible Target Product
Rs. 5,000-30,000/(~60,000- 3,60,000 p.a.)
Rs. 5,000/-(~60,000 p.a.)
3. Housing budget is based on most common lending scenario for micro-mortgage: – 12% API on 15-year loan – and assumes a family spends 30% of income on housing.
1. Source: Consumer Pyramids, Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy P Ltd.2. Monthly budget for Housing is equal to 30% of income, the global standard for affordability of housing. (Developing Affordable Housing, by Ben Hecht.
22%
55%
4.5%
18%
LOOKING FOR RENTAL
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Why are most first time home buyers preferring Noida?1Context
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Does your peon or driver travel for an hour every day to get to work?
“Can the poor ever be legal?”– Housing and Land Rights Network, Habitat International Coalition, 2002
Delhi has failed to integrate the rich and poor symbiotically and ‘legally’ within the city. Lack of Community Ownership between rich and poor. Failure to make the city’s historic precincts a part of the lives of its people.
2Context
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Continual banishment of Poor to Outskirts of the City needs to STOP. 2Context
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Where do I go to Work?
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Why are most Homes & Commercial establishments in Delhi illegal?3Context
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Why are all big businesses locating to Gurgaon?4Context
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Remove slums, NOT slum dwellers!Get Development (other than flyovers) back to Delhi.
Integrate rich and poor symbiotically, with shared amenities, near Transit.
Integrate major employment centres along Transit Nodes (not highway arterials) as part of mixed-use communities.
We need to Prepare for 55% Urbanization by 2050.
Integrated Society
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Rapid Transit Station(Metro/ BRT)
Low income housing(Size < 250 families)
High/ Middle income housing
Commercial
Offices/ Light Industrial
Schools/ Libraries/ Civic uses
Public Parks
500 M walkingradius
STOP Banishing the Poor; Integrate them into mixed-income communities Give Equal access to Transit + Amenities to Rich & Poor
1. Amenities and Housing for Low-income people MUST be accommodated:• NEAR Transit Facilities and
Amenities.• NEAR mid to high income
groups.
2. Low-income groups can:• work in local offices, • provide household help for
richer homes• also commute to other jobs
easily.• work in community gardens
producing local food, etc.
Principles:
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Option 1: - Mandatory Reservation for % of low-income housing in private developments near public transit.
According to the Delhi Masterplan, all private developments are to provide and maintain 15% of the total FSI for low-income groups. Other states are likely to adopt this mandate under the JNURM guidelines. This would be a mandatory requirement for projects to obtain planning approvals.
Option 2:
- FSI-density bonuses for market-rate developments to pay for, or construct nearby low-income communities.
- Density bonuses for providing and maintaining shared public parks, facilities and social infrastructure.
Option 3: - Government built low income housing within 800 M walking distance from a rapid transit stations, limiting the size of each community to a maximum of 250 families.
Rapid Transit Station(Metro/ BRT)
Low income housing(Size < 250 families)
High/ Middle income housing
Commercial
Offices/ Light Industrial
Schools/ Libraries/ Civic uses
Public Parks
500 M walkingradius
STOP Banishing the Poor; Integrate them into mixed-income communities Give Equal access to Transit + Amenities to Rich & Poor
New development
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Image taken by: Esben Agersnap
Inclusive mixed-income Communities with Shared Amenities creates intra-social tolerance, instills Civic Pride and reduces Crime in the long run.
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• Give Everyone a Home.
Goals and Benefits of TOD in Delhi
Graphic Source: www.housingforall.org
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Working with the market
“Property prices in Delhi are too high today and the only way they can come down are by increasing supply,” - Chairman and Managing Director (South Asia) at property advisory firm CB Richard Ellis.
“Delhi has failed to give housing to the common man due to limitations on FAR and density norms. It also aided in the creation of slums. If FAR is freed, land cost for development will come down, bringing down property prices,” -President of the National Real Estate Development Council.
Source: The Economic Times Delhi;Date: Sep 4, 2012;Section: Corporate; Page: 7; http://bit.ly/YC1xJU
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Housing for All‐ Variety in Housing Options1. Town houses2. Pent houses3. Apartments4. Studio Apartments5. Dormitories6. Hostels7. Night Shelters
Graphics by: In-house team, UTTIPEC, DDA
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• Market Participates in Better City ‐ Utilize private‐sector investment near MRTS nodes to fund public transport improvements and cross‐subsidize social amenities
GOALS AND BENEFITS OF TOD TO DELHI
STREET
LOBBY
PARKING
RESIDENTIAL
SERVICE CORE
COMMERCIAL
Graphic Source: Internet
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SO WHAT IS TOD?
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Transit Node
Express BRTS/MRTS
Route
Maximum people Live, Work & Playwithin 10-min walk of RAPID TRANSIT Stations
High Density Mixed Use within 10-min walk of stations…
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DEFINITION
Transit Oriented Development (TOD) is essentially anydevelopment, macro or micro, that is focused around a transitnode, and facilitates complete ease of access to the transitfacility, thereby inducing people to prefer to walk and use publictransportation over personal modes of transport.
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A new urban planning ideal• Inclusive, egalitarian and
environmentally sustainable. • Ordinary pedestrians are
placed at its centre, rather than buildings, flyovers or cars, a big shift from prevailing practice.
Graphics by: Oasis Design Inc. for UTTIPEC, DDA
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A new urban planning ideal
A variety of high‐density, mixed‐use, mixed‐income buildings, within a short distance of a rapid public transport network. Higher density, or taller buildings, within pre‐specified zones near transit stations to encourage more people to use public transport, and limit urban sprawl.
Graphics by: In-house team, UTTIPEC, DDA
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Most of Delhi within 10 min walking/cycling/rickshaw distance of proposed MRTS.Therefore…
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Most of Delhi within 10 min walking/cycling/rickshaw distance of proposed MRTS.Therefore…
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Impact of TOD Policy on population holding capacity of MPD
• TOD Policy puts an end to Urban Sprawl.• It encourages sustainable urban environment with low carbon footprints
Schematic representation of current MPD norms implemented in Urban Extension
TOD policy works with the current holding capacity of MPD, 2021
Graphics by: In-house team, UTTIPEC, DDA
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• TOD Policy brings the planned population close to the transit neighborhoods.• It does not increase migration.
Impact of TOD Policy on population holding capacity of MPD
TOD policy works with the current holding capacity of MPD, 2021
Schematic representation of proposed TOD norms implemented in Urban ExtensionGraphics by: In-house team, UTTIPEC, DDA
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VISION TIES INTO EACH SECTION OF THETOD POLICY
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TOD Policy and
Development Control Norms:
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2.1:
99
Pedestrian & NMT Friendly Environment
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2.1. Pedestrian & NMT Friendly Environment
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http://uttipec.nic.in/StreetGuidelines‐R1‐Feb2011‐UTTPEC‐DDA.pdf
STREETS AS PER ‘Street Design Guidelines‐UTTIPEC’
Contents• Street hierarchy of Delhi• Minimum walking zone• Universal accessibility• Multi Functional Zone• Bicycle and NMT Infrastructure• Crossings• Medians, Refuge Islands• Street Lighting• Urban Utilities• Public Amenities• Traffic Calming Measure• Public Art, Street Furniture and Educative
Signage
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2.2:
102
Norms for Connectivity
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• Interconnected Street Network• Small walkable blocks; Pedestrian cut-throughs
every ~50-100 M.• Mix of uses to provide people of varied social
groups with options to live, work and play within easy access to public transport and daily necessities.
Station
2.2: Direct Connectivity- Finer Street Network for shortest routes to pedestrians & cyclists.- Faster to walk or cycle; than to drive.
Graphic s Source: www.calthorpe.com
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Example: Dwarka ‐ Existing Street Grid
UN
SAFE
for
thes
e U
sers
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Example: Dwarka ‐ Proposed Retrofitted Street Grid
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Incomplete Road NetworkComplete Vehicular Road Network @ 250m c/cComplete Pedestrian Network @ 50-150m c/c
Connectivity NormsCreate dense networks of streets and paths for all modes.
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2.3:
107
Norms for Multi-Modal Interchange
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Make transferring between modes easy, comfortable.
108
Pedestrian is highest priority
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Station Area Planning to follow above Standards
Source: Storm Water Guidelines, OASIS Design INC.
IPT ParkingShuttle Service Pedestrian‐WalkwayPrivate Car
Pick Up/Drop off Bus Stop
Graphics by: Oasis Design Inc. for UTTIPEC, DDA
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2.4:
110
Norms for Inducing Modal Shift
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Mixed-Use : Safety, Vibrancy and Reduced Travel Demand
Graphics by: In-house team, UTTIPEC, DDA
Graphics by: In-house team, UTTIPEC, DDA
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Location of Parking defines:TAD vs. TOD
Location of Parking defines:TAD vs. TOD
TOD:• Encourages Walkability and Mixed Useeg: Dadar Station, MumbaiTAD:
• Separates the Community from the Station.• Is Auto-oriented developmente.g. Janakpuri West Station, Delhi
Transit Oriented Development
Transit “Adjacent” Development
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2.5:
113
Norms for Placemaking & Safety
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Placemaking and its BenefitsSome of the biggest gains of TOD are the most intangible:The concept of Place‐making, or designing urban neighbourhoods in such
a way that local communities can be formed. Mixed‐use, mixed‐incomedevelopments, where residential, commercial, civic or institutionalestablishments are located close to each other allow local communities to beformed, with sufficient shared spaces for leisure and recreation.
‐ Aparna Parimal Raje on DDA’s TOD Policy, LiveMint
A shaded plaza in an office dominated complex. Greenway passages along daily routes of people
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Building Entries/ windows on Sidewalk (eyes on the street -provides safety for pedestrians)
Remove Setbacks,Require Entries on sidewalks
Regulate Maximum Block Widths,
Minimum Frontages
Design Street Guidelines for pedestrians, not just cars!
Streets for Trains, Buses, cars and Pedestrians.
Built-to-edge Buildings for Safety & Comfort.
Sidewalks, Bio-swales
Smaller blocks, interconnected streets create shorter travel routes for pedestrians.
Critical Norms introduced for PlaceMaking:
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Example of Common Public Realm in Delhi: Dwarka:• Due to current norms, Vehicles encroach pedestrian space where its most needed
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Graphic representation of Common Public Realm in Delhi: Dwarka:• Due to current norms, Vehicles encroach pedestrian space where its most needed
Graphics by: In-house team, UTTIPEC, DDA
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Graphic representation of TOD Norms:• Pedestrians dominate the street frontage of buildings, parking & cars access from back
Graphics by: In-house team, UTTIPEC, DDA
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Graphic representation of Common Public Realm in Delhi: Dwarka:• Due to current norms, Vehicles encroach pedestrian space where its most needed
Graphics by: In-house team, UTTIPEC, DDA
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Graphic representation of TOD Norms:• Pedestrians dominate the street frontage of buildings, parking & cars access from back
Graphics by: In-house team, UTTIPEC, DDA
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An Unsafe Street in Delhi with Setbacks and Boundary Walls (ITO):• Only vehicles find it safe to use this road although its an important shortcut to Metro Station
ITO Delhi - Now Graphics by: In-house team, UTTIPEC, DDA
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ITO Delhi - Future
1)TOD Norms Create “Eyes on the Street”:• Pedestrians dominate the street frontage of buildings, parking & cars access from back
Graphics by: In-house team, UTTIPEC, DDA
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Inhumane single use dominated Plaza:• Only a singular type of office going crowd populates this plaza due to single use nature
Nehru Place Delhi - Now
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Inhumane single use dominated Plaza:• Due to lack of any residential/ dorm/ hotel/ hostel type uses, the Area is dead & unsafe at night
Nehru Place Delhi - Now Graphics by: In-house team, UTTIPEC, DDA
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Mixed-Use Norms create: Safety, Vibrancy & Reduced Travel Demand
Graphics by: In-house team, UTTIPEC, DDA
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Mixed-Use Norms create: Safety, Vibrancy & Reduced Travel Demand
Graphics by: In-house team, UTTIPEC, DDA
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Minimum Frontage requirements (built-to requirement at setback line)
Facing Street Right‐of‐Way Minimum Percent of Building Street Wall (Frontage) at Setback Line
1 R/Ws of 24m and above 85%
2 R/Ws below 24m 75%
B
A+B_ X 100 = 85%A+B+C
Street Wall Regulations
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Minimum Frontage requirements (built-to requirement at setback line)
Facing Street Right‐of‐Way Minimum Percent of Building Street Wall (Frontage) at Setback Line
1 R/Ws of 24m and above 85%
2 R/Ws below 24m 75%
A+B_ X 100 = 75%A+B+C
Street Wall Regulations
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• The Minimum Ground Coverage requirement for all plots, blocks and projects is 40%.
• Open Space requirements and Solar Access Regulations have to be met as per 2.5.6.2.
Minimum Ground Coverage
Street Wall Regulations
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Minimum Use - Mix CriteriaIn order to facilitate round‐the‐clock safety and vibrancy of the TOD neighbourhood/ project (min. 10,000 population), at least 50% of total street frontage length within any TOD project should have mix of at least two types of uses with different peak hours of activity: i.e. Residential + Civic, or, Residential +Commercial uses.
round the clock active streets
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2.6:
131
Norms for High Density Mixed-Income Development
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TOD Influence Zones at Station levelExample showing plotting of the actual 300m, 800m and 2000m catchments of a
Metro Station
Intense Zone
NMT Zone
Standard Zone
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HIGH DENSITY- MIX OF HIGH AND LOW RISE TOD AREA
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HIGH DENSITY- MIX OF MID AND LOW RISE TOD AREA
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HIGH DENSITY- LOW RISE TOD AREA
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Transition in Densities: Variety in Development
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• The proposed TOD’s planning policy seeks to be both market‐friendly and inclusive by engaging with market forces.
• it sets minimum benchmarks for construction in pre‐defined influence zones around transit stations, and allows the market to decide what should be built in each influence zone.
• For example, “at least 30% residential and 20% commercial and institutional use (including minimum 5% commercial and minimum 5% institutional use) of Floor Area Ratio (FAR) is mandatory in every new or redevelopment project within the TOD influence zone.
New zones of influence
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New zones of influence
• At least 50% of total street frontage of any TOD project should have an active frontage, i.e. a mix of at least two types of use, with different peak hours of activity stacked vertically, to provide round‐the‐clock eyes on the street, the policy states.
• So in the intense TOD zone (defined as the 300m catchment area near all MRTS stations), a developer of a particular site can decide whether to build apartments, shops or offices, as long as the developer adheres to these minimum development norms.
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GrossFAR(site)
Minimum Permissible Density (with ±10% variation)
Residential dominated project (Residential FAR ≥ 50%)
Predominantly non-residential(Residential FAR ≤ 30%)
Below 1.0 Under-utilization of FAR (not permittedfor redevelopment projects)
Under-utilization of FAR (not permitted forredevelopment projects)
1.1 - 2.0 200- 400 du/ha 100 - 200 du/ha
upto 3.0 400 - 600 du/ha 250 - 400 du/ha
3.1 - 4.0 600 - 800 du/ha 400 - 600 du/ha
No Universal Cap on FAR FAR shall be clubbed with Density Minimums, in order to ensure high-density
mixed-income development.
Density caps per influence Zone shall be based on overall Holding Capacityas per the MPD Zones.
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NMT Zone area= 65512.95 Ha ( 44.1 % of Delhi*)TOD Standard Zone = 27369.22 Ha (18.45 % of Delhi* )
Intense TOD = 10279.96 Ha (6.9% of Delhi*)
* Area of Delhi = 148300.0 Ha (as per MPD)
TOD Influence Zones at City level
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At least 30% residential and 30% commercial/ institutional use of FAR is mandatory in every project within Intense and Standard TOD Zone
30%(C+I)
30%(R)
40%
Minimum Use- Mix Criteria
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30%
5%10%
15%
Minimum Use- Mix Criteria
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Station AreaCross-Subsidy Models to be Developed.
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2.6.1. Water2.6.1. Water
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Rainwater harvesting is mandatory, irrespective of project size. On-site and off-site (roads/public spaces) rainwater must be harvested for reuse or ground water recharge, only after primary treatment.
Rainwater
Current practice: Stormwater recharged to ground without primary treatment.
Physical Infrastructure and Resource Standards
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Parking Lot SwalesLarge Canopy Trees
EcoroofPervious Paving
Physical Infrastructure and Resource Standards
At least 80% of the rainwater falling on Site should be treated by Natural means.
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MCDMCDSELF
GENERATEDSELF
GENERATED
Physical Infrastructure and Resource Standards Potable Water and Waste Water
• For projects of 5000 resident population or more, on-site decentralized infrastructure systems i.e. local sewage treatment and recycling systems are mandatory, in order to meet the non-potable per capita demand (90 lpcd for domestic and 115 lpcd for non-domestic).
• Potable per-capita requirement (135 lpcd for domestic and 20 lpcd for non-domestic) should be available from the Municipality or any other source other than ground water.
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Potable Tank
Sewage Treatment Facilities
Sustainable Effluent discharge system to
wetland / river
Further Treatment for re-use
Non-Potable
Tank
Potable Use
• Internal taps
• Showers & baths
• Washing
Non-Potable Use
• Toilet Flushing
• Cleaning/ Irrigation
Combined or Separate Grey Water
/ Black Water Collection
Rainfall
DJB main
S l u d g e d i s p o s a l
Dual piping is mandatory irrespective of project size, to facilitate black/ grey separation & recycled water use.
Physical Infrastructure and Resource Standards
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2.6.2Energy
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Buildings (and preferably also streets) should be oriented such that all habitable areas of Residential buildings are oriented to face North-South (within 15°) direction.
Energy: At Site level:Physical Infrastructure and Resource Standards
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Buildings (and preferably also streets) should be oriented such that all habitable areas of Residential buildings are oriented to face North-South (within 15°) direction.
Physical Infrastructure and Resource Standards Energy: At Site level:
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All dwelling units should get minimum 2-hour solar access in at least one habitable area (living room, bedroom or private open space) on the shortest winter day of Dec 21 (Winter Solstice).
At Building level, the following Solar Access Regulations need to be followed:
Microclimate of public streets:Narrow streets provide shading and air movement – and therefore
greater comfort for pedestrians. Spacing between buildings should be enough to allow daylight access to all homes.
Physical Infrastructure and Resource Standards Energy: At Site level:
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All residential buildings shall be single-loaded i.e. each unit should face the exterior, in two opposite directions. No double-loaded corridor buildings are permissible in TODs. Openings shall be located suitably to allow for natural ventilation and daylighting of habitable rooms and access to open air for all rooms including toilets and kitchens.
Double loaded housing
Maximize Cross Ventilation for Units by appropriate design of unit plans (provide windows and openings appropriately)
Single aspect housing
Physical Infrastructure and Resource Standards Energy: At Site level:At Building level, the following Solar Access Regulations need to be followed:
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Physical Infrastructure and Resource Standards
Maximize Cross Ventilation for Units by appropriate design of unit plans (provide windows and openings appropriately)
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No building floor-plate depth it to be more than 16 m
Max
16
m
Office building
Physical Infrastructure and Resource Standards Energy: At Site level:At Building level, the following Solar Access Regulations need to be followed:
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No “row-type” building (floor plate longer than 30 M) will be permitted to go higher than 15 metres. To utilize FAR, only towers with be permitted, in conjunction with 15m high “row-type” buildings.
Physical Infrastructure and Resource Standards Energy: At Building level, the following Solar Access Regulations need to be followed:
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• Tower dimensions may not exceed 30 m in any direction.
• Spacing between two towers should not be less than 30M.
Energy: At Building level, the following Solar Access Regulations need to be followed :
Physical Infrastructure and Resource Standards
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Physical Infrastructure and Resource Standards Screenshot of existing 3D GIS model of Delhi:
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Physical Infrastructure and Resource Standards New buildings shall be tested for shading of surrounding residential buildings before Approval, in order to ensure that they do not hamper the minimum daylight access requirements of existing buildings.
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Rail/ Metro
BRTInterchange
Conclusion: Change Morphology from AutoCity to a Transit City
7 min walk
To reduce car-dependence & increase transit use.
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Beware of what is Not TOD !
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Not TOD !
An existing Commercial Project near a Metro Station
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An planned Residential Project near a Metro Station
Not TOD !
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Not TOD !
An existing Commercial Project near a Metro Station
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In order to Implement the above Vision, all Agencies of the city need to have a
Common Agenda....
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• Ministry of Urban development, GOI• Delhi Development Authority• UTTIPEC, DDA• LAP Monitoring Committee• PWD, GNCTD• Transport Department, GNCTD• DJB• EDMC• SDMC• North DMC• NDMC• DMRC• Bhagidari groups• Community and RWA representatives• DUSIB• Delhi Police• Delhi Traffic Police
• TCPO• NIUA• DUAC• IUDI• Intach• ASI• Transport Department, SPA• Transport Planning Experts, IIT-Delhi• EPCA• CSE• Jagori• Samarthyam
Partners in Development change
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ECONOMICS
1. DMRC Empanelled Consultants2. Micro Homes Solutions (mHS)
GOVERNANCE
1. Ministry of Urban development, GOI
2. DUSIB, GNCTD3. Delhi Police4. Delhi Traffic Police
SOCIOLOGY1. Samarthyam2. Jagori3. Itrans4. National Alliance for Peoples
Movement (NAPM )5. SEWA
IntegratedPlanning &
Development
ENVIRONMENT
1. Dept. Of Environment, GNCTD.2. Environment Pollution Control
Authority (EPCA) 3. National Environmental
Engineering Research Institute(NEERI)
4. Centre for Science and Environment (CSE)
5. OASIS Landscape Architect Designs Incorporated
6. Institute of Urban Designers of India (IUDI)
7. NIIPC
INFRASTRUCTURE1. Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC)
2. Delhi Jal Board (DJB)3. Delhi Integrated Multi‐Modal Transit System
(DIMTS)4. RITES Ltd.5. North Delhi Municipal Corporations (NDMC)6. East Delhi Municipal Corporation (EDMC)7. National Environmental Engineering
Research Institute(NEERI)8. PWD, Delhi9. Transport Department, GNCTD10. Delhi Development Authority (DDA)11. SGA Architects12. Indian Institute of Technology, IIT13. School of Planning & Architecture
We Acknowledge……