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TRADITIONAL AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE PRACTICE GUIDELINE ON MALAY MASSAGE
Revised Edition, November 2009
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First Edition, October 2007
Second Edition, November 2009
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic
or otherwise, including photocopying, recording, internet or any storage and retrieval system without prior written
permission from the publisher.
Published by: Traditional and Complementary Medicine Division
Ministry of Health Malaysia
ISNB 983 44754 4-4
Cover design by : Mohd Affendy Baharudin Traditional and Complementary Medicine Division
Ministry of Health Malaysia
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Acknowledgements .............................................................................................................................i
1. Introductions ..............................................................................................................................1
2. Objectives ...................................................................................................................................2
3. Massage .....................................................................................................................................2
3.1 Malay Massage ....................................................................................................................2
3.2 Petua and Pantang Larang ...................................................................................................3
4. Procedures and Techniques .........................................................................................................4
5. Indications ..................................................................................................................................5
6. Contraindications and side effects ................................................................................................6
6.1 Contraindications.................................................................................................................6
6.2 Side effects of Massage Therapy ...........................................................................................6
7. Standard Of Practice....................................................................................................................7
7.1 Cleanliness ..........................................................................................................................7
7.2 Confidentiality .....................................................................................................................7
7.3 Respect ...............................................................................................................................7
7.4 Maintain professional distance ............................................................................................7
7.5 Personal Grooming ..............................................................................................................7
8. Terminology................................................................................................................................8
9. APPENDICES ...................................................................................................................................9
Appendix 1 : Types of Malay Massage.........................................................................................10
Appendix 2 : An Overview of Work Process for Malay traditional Masseur. .................................11
Appendix 3: Clerking Form .........................................................................................................12
Appendix 3: Clerking Form .....................................................................................................15
Appendix 3: Clerking Form .........................................................................................................15
Appendix 4: Screening Form.......................................................................................................18
Appendix 5: Consent Form .........................................................................................................20
Appendix 6 : Guide in Treatment Plan of Malay Massage for Chronic Pain and Post Stroke
Management ............................................................................................................................21
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Diagram 1 : Massage Techniques /Strokes ..................................................................................22
Diagram 2: Hand Washing Techniques ........................................................................................24
10. REFERENCES ..........................................................................................................................25
11. Committee Members.............................................................................................................27
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Acknowledgements
Special thanks to every individual and organizations that have in one way or another contributed
comments and advices during the preparation of the Traditional and Complementary Medicine
Practice Guidelines on Malay Massage.
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1. Introductions
Traditional medicine is the knowledge, ski lls and practice of holistic health care,
recognized and accepted for its role in the maintenance of health and the treatment of
diseases. It is based on indigenous theories, beliefs and experiences that are handed
down from generation to generation1. Although modern medicine is widely spread,
traditional medicine still exists and widely used in many countries. Interest in traditional
medicine has increased over the last decade. People are now more prepared to look for
alternative approaches to maintain their health.
World Health Organizations (WHO) traditional medicine programme was developed in
conjunction with the adoption of the health for all strategy and the primary health care
approach. The Regional Strategy for Traditional Medicine in Western Pacific Region
was prepared to help guide national governments, WHO and other partners in the
efforts to ensure the proper use of traditional medicine and its contribution for
maintaining health and fighting diseases in the Region. One of the strategies indicates
the need to promote public awareness and access to traditional medicine. It
recommends that government and non government organization should motivate
healers to cooperate and voluntarily share their healing knowledge and practices.
Access to traditional medicine through informed choice should be facilitated and mutual
understanding between practitioners of traditional and modern medicine should be
promoted.
In January 2006 ,the Malaysian Cabinet had approved the establishment of Traditional
and Complementary Medicine ( T&CM) unit in three hospitals, Kepala Batas Hospital in
Penang, Putrajaya Hospital in Federal Territory of Putrajaya and Sultan Ismail Hospital
in Johore. The implementation of the pioneer project is towards integrating traditional
and complementary medicine into the existing public healthcare delivery system..
To implement the services, the unit is provided with T&CM practice guidelines on the
three modalities of treatment.
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2. Objectives
The objective are to promote the highest standards in the practice of the Malay
Massage modalities of treatment and to ensure public safety.
3. Massage
Massage has been categorized under the Manipulative and Body Base Method
according to National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, National
Institute of Health, United State of America. Massage has shown to improve the
circulation, relieving many common muscle aches and pains, boosting immunity and
promoting an overall sense of well being2.
Massage may be used as primary therapeutic intervention or as an adjunct to other
therapeutic techniques3. The mode of action4,5 are by : (1) mobilization of inter-tissue
fluids, (2) reduction or modification of edema, (3) increase of local blood flow, (4)
decrease of muscle soreness and stiffness, (5) moderation of pain, (6) facilitation of
relaxation, and (7) prevention or elimination of adhesions .
3.1 Malay Massage
The Malay massage is a mixture of kneading, stroking and pressing with hands
(Diagram 1: Massage Techniques / Strokes). The massage strokes are done depending
on the masseurs judgment of ones body need, and selected natural plants or herbal
oils are applied during the massage6,7. It also sometimes accompanied with special
pray incantations and take home advise in form of post massage work out/ exercises8,9.
Malay massage is divided into two types of massage based on their purpose; wellness
and therapeutic massage. For the purpose of wellness, the massage helps in reducing
anxiety, improving sleeps, in boosting immunity of the body10 and in reducing stress.
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Massage that fall into this categories includes relaxation massage (urutan merehatkan
badan), rejuvenating massage ( urutan penyegaran badan) and Improve blood
circulation massage (urutan melancarkan peredaran darah).
Therapeutic massage on the other hand helps to improve the condition of a particular
illness and in reducing severity of pain. Common illness that benefit from such massage
includes sprains and low back pain. Therapeutic massages are specified into massage
of nerve ailments, joints ailments, sprains, muscle ailments and others. (Appendix I:
Types of Malay Massage)
3.2 Petua and Pantang Larang
a. Take a light meal before massage treatment.
Before Malay massage procedure: every patient is advised to have light meals / breakfast as a fasting patient may be at
risk of fainting episodes or hypoglycaemia. Too heavy a meal may also lead to ineffective massage.
b. Shower / Bath
If patient needed to take a bath, please do so after 1 hour
completed Malay massage procedure.
c. Rest
Rest at least for 1 hour after completed massage.
d. Rehydrates
Patient are encourage to drink lots of warm plain water to rehydrate themselves after massage. This is to prevent
muscle soreness that occur post massage.
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4. Procedures and Techniques
Massage treatment takes a variety of forms and may last between 15 to
90 minutes. (15-45 minutes for chronic pain and 60-90 minutes for post stroke
cases)
Treatment starts with a case history, assessment on the clients condition
and the indications for massage11 (Please refer appendix 2: Work Process for
Malay traditional Masseur). During clerking for the case history and doing the
assessment for suitability for massage, the practitioner/masseur are required to
document all findings in the clerking form .(Appendix 3: Borang Penilaian Urutan
Melayu).Additional information can be obtain in the screening form if so required
(Appendix 4 : Screening Form). During the assessment, if the client is not
suitable for the treatment, advice to seek appropriate medical treatment should
be given.(please refer Section 6 : Contraindications for Massage)
Before starting any procedures or treatment, practitioner are required to
explain the procedures to the patient prior signing the consent form( Appendix 5 :
Consent Form For Malay Massage). All procedures are also required to be
documented in patients record. Malay massage treatment session ends with
counseling and advises regarding dietary intakes and exercise technique for
patient to continue at home. The number and frequency of follow up visit for
Malay massage treatment are catered according to individual bases (Appendix 6:
Guide in Treatment Plan of Malay Massage for Chronic Pain and Post Stroke
Management). However, any adverse event or side effect that occurs must be
reported and documented in appropriate form for further action.
In the unit, to preserve the authenticity of Malay massage technique, all Malay
massage are done on a raised floor that made of wood known as pangkin (figure
1).The patient is dressed appropriately to respect their privacy. Part of Malay
massage techniques are shown in Diagram 1: Massage Techniques/Strokes.
All type of massage oil being used must be registered with the Ministry of Health,
Malaysia. Any oils that contain methlysalicylate are prohibited.
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Figure 1 : Pangkin
5. Indications
Massage is administrated as an complementary to other therapy, medical or
rehabilitation therapy and in some cases it is only carried out with the approval of
a medical practitioner.
Application of massage can be categories to different types of conditions11.
a) For generalized constitutional disorder, massage helps to enhances the
elimination of toxin and waste products. This achieve by systemic effect
where massage enhance the circulation systems particularly the venous
return and of the lymph. It also has indirect effect to the autonomic nervous
system which in turn improves the production of glandular secretions and
organ functions. Massage also has a localized effect where promote muscle
relaxation for the patient ; example Stroke patient8 , edema.
b) Acts on reflex zones , whether these areas arise from either direct referred
pain relating to the organ or indirect tissue changes example tension
headaches
c) Helps to alleviate some of the symptoms associate with the disease ;
example Low back pain12 , Chronic pain13 ,Anxiety and Depression.
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6. Contraindications and side effects
Massage is contraindicated when it could cause worsening of a particular condition,
unwanted tissue destruction, or spread of disease14. A very small numbers of serious
injuries have been reported, and most occurred because caution were not followed or
massage was given by a person who was not properly trained.
6.1 Contraindications
Acute Infections
Acute Inflamations Trauma
Bacterial and fungal infections
- Athletes foot - Cellulitis - Ringworm
- Impetigo - Abscesse
Fever
Toxaemia (septicaemia) Viral infections Measles
Areas affected by herpes zoster (shingles)
Gout
Infective arthritis Ulcerative colitis Appendicitis
Open wounds
Bone fracture Bony avulsion
Vascular Disease
Others
Aneurysm Varicose veins Venous thrombosis Portal hypertension
Impaired blood supply to a tissue Weakness in the wall of the blood vessels as in haemophilia, Acute strains, Suspicious lumps or growth Osteoporosis
6.2 Side effects of Massage Therapy15
Massage therapies are not totally devoid of side effects. Below are some of side
effects that might occur post massage procedures. The incidence of adverse events is unknown,
but probably low16.
a. Temporary pain or discomfort
b. Bruising
c. Swelling
d. Allergic reactions of massage oils
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7. Standard Of Practice
All Malay massage therapists must adhere to following standard of practice when
conducting massage.
7.1 Cleanliness
A therapist must always maintain his / her cleanliness and also the surrounding
environment. It involves good technique of hand washing prior to massage treatment.
(See Diagram 2: Hand Washing Procedure)
7.2 Confidentiality
Every part of patients body must be treated as confidential information. Therefore
therapist cannot divulge the identity of patient nor any deformities of the patient to any
third party.
7.3 Respect
A therapist must respect the patients body and maintain its privacy. When conducting a
massage treatment, any parts of the patients body that are not involved during the
procedure, must be covered to protect privacy and to respect patients dignity.
7.4 Maintain professional distance
A therapist should not unload their own personal problems to the patient.
7.5 Personal Grooming
- A therapist must wear clean and suitable clothes for massage.
- A therapist must give undivided attention during massage
- A therapist will not wear any jewelry during massage session that hinder
massage procedure
7.6 A therapist should not used sharp pointed object as a tool for massage.
7.7 Only the same gender massage therapist wi ll conduct the session onto the same
gender client. If otherwise, a chaperone is required throughout the session.
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8. Terminology
Malay terminology Translation
Simpul Biawak,
Tarik mengkarung
Ular ular
Anak anjing tegang
Muscle spasm,
Muscle cramp
Angin Sakit
Angin Bengkak
Pecah angin
Inflamation
Urat lari
Urat terseliuh
Sprain
Semut semut
Cucuk cucuk
Kebas
Tebal kulit
Numbness
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9. APPENDICES
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Appendix 1 : Types of Malay Massage
References:
Traditional Malay Massage; Syed Mahdi Syed Fouzi Barakbah. Paper Presentation. First Asia Pacific Traditional and Complementary Medicine Conference, Malaysia 2008
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Appendix 2 : An Overview of Work Process for Malay traditional Masseur.
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UNIT PERUBATAN TRADISIONAL DAN KOMPLEMENTARI
HOSPITAL _______________
KAD RAWATAN URUT MELAYU Pesakit Angin Ahmar
MAKLUMAT PESAKIT
Nama : No. KP : Umur :
Alamat : No. Pendaftaran :
Jantina :
Poskod : Negeri : No. Tel : Bangsa :
RUJUKAN DARI / KEPADA
Tanpa Rujukan
PENILAIAN TANDA VITAL SEBELUM RAWATAN
Tekanan Darah : mmHg Berat : kg Tinggi : Cm
Kadar Denyutan Nadi : persaat Suhu Badan : 0C Dextrose : mmol/L
Skala Kesakitan (Tandakan bulat
pada yang berkenaan)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Tidak
Sakit
Mengganggu
Tugas Harian
Tidak
Selesa Sakit
Sakit
Teruk
Sakit Tidak
Tertahan
SEJARAH PESAKIT
SEJARAH ANGIN AHMAR FAKTOR RISIKO Tandakan ( ) mana yang berkenaan
Tarikh Serangan Sendiri Keluarga Sejarah Pengubatan
Serangan pertama Serangan angin ahmar
Serangan kedua
Darah Tinggi
Kencing Manis
Serangan seterusnya Serangan Jantung
Ciri-ciri / Lokasi Serangan Masalah Jantung Sila nyatakan :
Kanan Kiri Kolestrol Tinggi
Infact Tiada Pendarahan
Haemorrhage Pendarahan
Merokok Bekas Perokok
RAWATAN LAIN Tandakan ( ) mana yang berkenaan
Rawatan Diterima Ya Tidak Sila nyatakan jenis rawatan/ubatan
Rehabilitasi Sila nyatakan di mana :
Rawatan Tradisional Lain
Ubat-ubatan Moden
Ubat-ubatan Herba
Appendix 3: Clerking Form
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PENILAIAN PESAKIT
Jenis kelumpuhan : Seluruh badan Separuh badan Kiri Kanan
Lokasi ( site ): Huraian : Isikan nama bahagian yang
mengalami kelumpuhan . Samada bahagian Kiri atau Kanan. Anggota
yang sakit e.g Kaki, Bahu dll
Ciri-ciri kelumpuhan (Character)
Huraian: Isikan ciri yang dialami;e.g tidak
boleh mengerak anggota bahagian,kejang, keras
Ketidakupayaan (Disability) yang lain:
Huraian:
Isikan samada pesakit mengalami simptom yang lain e.g tidak boleh
bertutur , tidak boleh menelan air atau/dan makanan dll
Faktor yang menjadikan keadaan lebih buruk (Aggrevating
Factor) :
Faktor yang menambahbaikan keadaan (Relieving Factor) :
Kemajuan (Progression) :
Isikan perbandingan keadaan
pesakit dari tempoh kelumpuhan hingga hari ini.
CATATAN
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PENILAIAN RAWATAN
Ulasan :
PLAN RAWATAN
Ulasan
Nama Pengamal Tanda tangan :
Tarikh:
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UNIT PERUBATAN TRADISIONAL DAN KOMPLEMENTARI
HOSPITAL _______________
KAD RAWATAN URUT MELAYU Pesakit Kesakitan Kronik
MAKLUMAT PESAKIT
Nama : No. KP : Umur :
Alamat : No. Pendaftaran :
Jantina :
Poskod : Negeri : No. Tel : Bangsa :
RUJUKAN DARI / KEPADA Tanpa Rujukan
PENILAIAN TANDA VITAL SEBELUM RAWATAN
Tekanan Darah : mmHg Berat : kg Tinggi : Cm
Kadar Denyutan Nadi : persaat Suhu Badan : 0C Dextrose : mmol/L
Skala
Kesakitan (Tandakan bulat
pada yang berkenaan)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Tidak Sakit
Mengganggu Tugas Harian
Tidak Selesa
Sakit Sakit Teruk
Sakit Tidak
Tertahan
SEJARAH PESAKIT
SEJARAH TRAUMA FAKTOR RISIKO Tandakan ( ) mana yang berkenaan
Sendiri Keluarga Sejarah Pengubatan
Serangan angin ahmar
Darah Tinggi
Kencing Manis
Serangan Jantung
Masalah Jantung Sila nyatakan :
Kolestrol Tinggi
Merokok Bekas Perokok
RAWATAN LAIN Tandakan ( ) mana yang berkenaan
Rawatan Diterima Ya Tidak Sila nyatakan jenis rawatan/ubatan
Rehabilitasi Sila nyatakan di mana :
Rawatan Tradisional Lain
Ubat-ubatan Moden
Ubat-ubatan Herba
Appendix 3: Clerking Form
Appendix 3: Clerking Form
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PENILAIAN PESAKIT
Lokasi ( site ):
Huraian : Isikan nama bahagian yang sakit. Samada
bahagian Kiri atau Kanan. Anggota yang sakit e.g Kaki, Bahu dll
Ciri-ciri kesakitan (character)
Huraian:
Isikan ciri kesakitan yang dialami;e.g cucuk,tarik,dll
Menjalar ( Radiate)
Huraian:
Isikan pergerakkan kesakitan yang dialami. Sebagai contoh bermula kesakitan
bermula di kaki kiri dan ianya dapat dirasakan/menjalar hingga ke paha kiri
Masa bermula Onset
Huraian: Isikan masa mulanya kesakitan itu
bermula e.g 3 bulan yang lepas , 6 bulan yang lepas
Perkembangan Progression
Huraian:
Isikan perbandingan keadaan kesakitan pesakit dari tempoh ia bermula hingga
hari ini.e.g kesakitan bertambah teruk dari boleh berjalan dulu tetapi sekarang
menggunakan bantuan untuk berjalan.
Tempoh Duration
Huraian:
Disini menjelaskan tempoh masa kesakitan apabila pesakit diserang kesakitannya.e.g
10 minit, 20 minit dll
Faktor yang menyebabkan keadaan kesakitan lebih teruk
(Aggrevating Factor) :
Faktor yang mengurangkan kesakitan
(Relieving Factor) :
Simptom yang berkaitan Associated symptoms
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PENILAIAN RAWATAN
ULASAN
PLAN RAWATAN
Nama Pengamal : Tanda tangan
Tarikh:
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KEMENTERIAN KESIHATAN MALAYSIA UNIT PERUBATAN TRADISIONAL DAN KOMPLEMENTARI
HOSPITAL BORANG SARINGAN (SCREENING FORM)
Nama :
No. K/Pengenalan R/N:
Alamat :
Tarikh lahir:
Jantina
Umur:
Tarikh: Masa
Diagnosa Pesakit (Patients Diagnosis):
Aduan Pesakit (Chief Complaints): Sejarah Perubatan yang lalu (Past medical history): - Darah Tinggi (Hypertension): - Kencing Manis (Diabetes Mellitus): - Penyakit Jantung (Ischaemic Heart Disease):
-Sawan (Epilepsy): - Lelah ( Asthma): - Barah ( Cancer): - Lain-lain:
Sejarah pembedahan yang lalu (Past surgical history): . .. .
. Keputusan Ujian jika ada (investigations results if available): Coagulation Profile: RBS: X Rays: Lain-lain :
Sejarah Pengambilan Ubat-ubatan (Medication History):
Alahan (Allergy)
Appendix 4: Screening Form
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BORANG KEIZINAN URUTAN MELAYU Sila baca maklumat ini dengan teliti. Rujuk kepada pengamal anda jika terdapat perkara yang tidak anda pahami.
Apakah Urutan Melayu? Urutan Melayu adalah satu kaedah urutan yang unik kerana sentuhannya yang lembut,mantap dan tertumpu kepada penggunaan jari.
Urutan Melayu terbahagi kepada dua kategori, iaitu Urutan Kesihatan Badan (kesegaran) dan Urutan Perubatan
(terapeutik) Apakah urutan kesegaran? Urutan kesegaran adalah bertujuan pencegahan penyakit .
Apakah urutan terapeutik? Urutan terapeutik merupakan urutan untuk membantu meningkatkan proses penyembuhan dan mengurangkan
kesakitan yang dihadapi. Perkhidmatan Urutan Melayu di unit Perubatan Tradisional
dan Komplementari yang sediakan adalah :-
1. Urutan kesegaran dalam Penjagaan Ibu selepas Bersalin
2. Urutan terapeutik untuk kesakitan kronik 3. Urutan terapeutik untuk Angin Ahmar 4. Urutan terapeutik untuk Rawatan Perbidanan
Adakah terdapat maklumat-maklumat lain yang perlu dimaklumkan kepada pengamal? Selain daripada maklumat perubatan yang biasa, adalah amat
penting bagi anda memberitahu pengamal sekiranya anda mengalami masalah masalah berikut: ( Sila tanda ( )yang berkaitan)
Ya Tidak
Penyakit darah beku di anggota kaki deep venous thrombosis
Kepatahan Tulang
Mengalami masalah pendarahan
Mengambil ubat pencairan darah anticoagulants atau sebarang ubat-
ubatan.
Penyakit Osteoporosis
Masaalah kulit
Alahan kepada minyak
PERAKUAN KEIZINAN Saya faham bahawa saya boleh bertanya sebarang soalan berkenaan rawatan saya sebelum menandatangani borang ini. Saya juga
bebas untuk menarik balik keizinan yang saya berikan bagi memberhentikan penyertaan saya ke atas prosedur-prosedur ini pada
bila-b ila masa. Prosedur prosedur telah dijelaskan kepada saya dan saya faham atas penjelasan yang diberi. Den gan ini, saya
secara sukarelanya bersetuju untuk menjalan i prosedur-prosedur di atas. Saya juga memahami bahawa satu rekod perkh idmatan
kesihatan saya akan disimpan. Rekod ini adalah sulit dan t idak akan didedahkan kepada sesiapa melainkan sekira ianya diarahkan
oleh wakil saya, atau diri saya sendiri atau sebarang cara lain yang dibenarkan atau atas arahan mahkamah.
Tandatangan: ............................................................................ Tandatangan Saks i :.........................................
Nama Penuh: ............................................................................ Nama Saksi : .....................................................
No. Kad Pengenalan: ............................ ..................................... No Kad Pengenalan : ........................................
Tandatangan Pengamal: .......................................................................................................
Tarikh: .................................................................................................................................
UNIT PERUBATAN TRADISIONAL DAN
KOMPLEMENTARI
HOSPITAL ..
Appendix 5: Consent Form
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Appendix 6 : Guide in Treatment Plan of Malay Massage for Chronic Pain and Post
Stroke Management17
Chronic Pain Post Stroke
Number of session 3 sessions 7 sessions
Breakdown of
sessions
3 session in a week
Can either be :
3 days in a row
Or
Alternate days
First week : 3 session s
Second week : 2 sessions
Third week : 2 sessions
Assessment
for effectiveness
Done at the third sessions Done at the seventh session
Maximum session
given in the unit
for cases
5 sessions 10 sessions
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Diagram 1 : Massage Techniques /Strokes
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Diagram 2: Hand Washing Techniques
Hand Washing Techniques
Palm to palm. Right palm over left hand and vise versa.
Palm to palm fingers interlaced. Back of finger to opposing palms with fingers
interlocked.
REFERENCES
1 2
3 4
Rotational rubbing of right thumb
clasped in left palm and vice versa.
Rotational rubbing, with clasped fingers
of right hand in left palm and vice versa.
5 6
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10. REFERENCES
1. Western Pacific Region (WPRO), The Regional Strategy for Traditional Medicine in Western Pacific Region, Manila 2002.
2. Lena Posner, Guide to the benefit of massage (cited 2009 Nov 23).Available from http://www.redmoonmassagetherapycom/assest/docs/guide_01.pdf
3. Andrew Vickers, Catherine Zollman, Clinical review : ABC of Complementary Medicine :
Massage Therapist , BMJ : 319:1254-1257 ( 6 November)
4. Lynn Freeman ,Chapter 13 : Massage Therapy, Mosbys Complementary & Alternative Medicine, A Research-Based Approach, second edition; pg : 389 -413.
5. J Michael Wieting, DO, Med. Massage, Traction, and Manipulation. E medicine Article. July 2005.
6. Syed Mahdi Syed Fouzi Barakbah, Traditional Malay Massage ( Presentation) First Asia Pacific Traditional and Complementary Medicine Conference, Malaysia,4 6 Nov 2008
7. Haniza MA,Fariza F,Norlaili A, Norsuria AG; A qualitative study on urut Melayu traditional Malay massage (paper submitted for publication to the Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medicine).
8. Md Khusairi Hj Salleh, Suatu Kajian Mengenai Prinsip , Kaedah & Cara : Urut Tradisional
Melayu , Darul Numan, Edisi Pertama, ms 40-69
9. Haliza Mohd Riji, Prinsip dan Amalan dalam perubatan melayu , Bab 5 : Prinsip and Amalan Rawatan : 137-183
10. Impact of a Massage Therapy Clinical Trial on Immune Status in Young Dominican Children
Infected with HIV-1;The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine , Jul 2006, Vol. 12, No. 6 : 511 -516
11. Mario Paul Cassar ,Handbook of Clinical Massage: A Complete Guide for Students and Practitioners, second edition 2004;Churchill Livingstone; pg 93 -168
12. Sylvia Carlson, Massage for Stroke Patients : what is a stroke and what role can massage therapy play in recovery process.Suite 101.com.Oct 2006.(cited 2009 April 22).Available from http://massagetherapy.suite101.com/article.cfm/massage_for_stroke_patients
13. Cherkin DC, Sherman KJ Deyo RA , et al, A Review of the evidence for the effectiveness,
safety and cost of acupuncture, massage therapy and spinal manipulation for back pain, Annals of Internal Medicine, 2003 , 138 (11) : 898 -907.
http://www.redmoonmassagetherapycom/assest/docs/guide_01.pdfhttp://massagetherapy.suite101.com/article.cfm/massage_for_stroke_patients
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14. Jennie C.I. Tsao, Effectiveness of Massage Therapy for Chronic, Non malignant Pain : A
Review. Evidence based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Feb 2007.
15. Jerilyn A. Cambron,DC, Phd;jeniffer Dexheimer, LMT; Patricia Coe, CMT; Randy Swenson,
MPHE,DC, University of Health Sciences , Side Effects of massage Therapy : a Pilot Study.
16. Ernst E, The Safety of Massage Therapy. Rheumatology (oxford)2003;42(9):1101-6
17. Traditional and Complementary Medicine Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Consensus Meeting on Improvement Strategy in Traditional and Complementary Medicine (T&CM) Services in Integrated Hospital with T&CM Practitioners, March 2009.
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11. Committee Members Review and Improvement Strategies of Traditional and Complementary Medicine Practice Guideline Workshop For Malay Massage , 2008.(Working group) Dr Zalilah Abdullah Traditional and Complementary Medicine Division Ministry of Health Malaysia Md Bakri Hassan Physiotherapy Department Kepala Batas Hospital Mustaffa Sultan Physiotherapy Department Sultan Ismail Hospital Che Salasiah bt Abd Majid Qualified Nurse Traditional and Complementary Medicine Unit Kepala Batas Hospital
Pauziah Monil Traditional Malay Medicine Practitioner Traditional and Complementary Medicine Unit Putrajaya Hospital Yaacob Mohd Daud Traditional Malay Medicine Practitioner Traditional and Complementary Medicine Unit Putrajaya Hospital Kamarul Hj Abd. Rahman Traditional Malay Medicine Practitioner Traditional and Complementary Medicine Unit Kepala Batas Hospital Haslina Hashim Traditional Malay Medicine Practitioner Traditional and Complementary Medicine Unit Kepala Batas Hospital Robaieyah Ramlie Traditional Malay Medicine Practitioner Traditional and Complementary Medicine Unit Kepala Batas Hospital
Editorial Members For Traditional and Complementary Medicine Practice Guideline.
Dr Ramli Abd Ghani Director Traditional and Complementary Medicine Division Ministry of Health Malaysia Jaafar Lassa Senior Principal Assistant Director Traditional and Complementary Medicine Division Ministry of Health Malaysia
Dr Shamsaini Shamsuddin Senior Principal Assistant Director Traditional and Complementary Medicine Division Ministry of Health Malaysia Dr Fariza Dato Fadzil Principal Assistant Director Traditional and Complementary Medicine Division Ministry of Health Malaysia
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