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Tourism and Dark-Sky Placesin Europe
Andreas HänelPlanetarium, Museum am Schölerberg, Osnabrück
Working Group DARK SKYder Vereinigung der Sternfreunde
Dark-Sky Parks SymposiumLastovo September 2010
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Where in Europecan we observe a dark sky?
DMSP map 2008
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We have to travel -> Astro tourism• local (avoid bright city lights)
• nature interested people• occasional observers, general astronomy interest• solar eclipse travel• amateurs ("hard core")
good weather!
Mean annual cloud cover
Anderson/Jubier
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Astro tourismlocal (private or public observatory)
• bad weather
• light pollution
• flexible on weather
• short travels, comfort
• instruments: security, changes
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Astro tourismsolar eclipse travel (Kenya 1980, Turkey 2006 - several 1000s)travel agencies (Eclipse Reisen, SAF, AFA, ....)
solar eclipse Turkey 2006
solar eclipse Kenya 1980
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Astro tourismnature interested people (hiking, bird observations, geology ...)
• city tourism (observatories)
• nature reserves (bird watching)
• La Palma/Tenerife
• Hawaii
• Chile
• SW-USA
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Astro tourismoccasional observers, general astronomy interest
• Alps (<2000 m): Enzensberger Alm, Calina ...
• Aniane, Portugal (COAA), COU, Tenerife, Marocco
• travel agencies (Wittmann Reisen, Eclipse Reisen)
• telescope meetings (ITV, AstroCiel, ...)
• astronomical youth camps (IAYC, ASL)
Sternwarte Königsleiten
IAYC Giessen 1976
IAYC Tunisia 1976
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Astro tourism amateurs ("hard core")
• Alps (>2000m): Gornergrat, Großglockner, Queyras
• Pyrenees, Sierra Nevada
• Kreta
• La Palma
• Namibia (IAC)
• Chile (Atacama)
Gornergrat (Celnik)La Silla (Chile)
AstroQueyras (Lecocq)
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How can we find a dark observing place?
DMSP map 2009
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DMSP map• upward light• available 1992 - 2009 (since some weeks)• uncalibrated• resolution 2.7 km
Cinzano et al. world atlas• sky background brightness [* nat. bright.]• calibrated 1997• or derivates:
• sky background brightness[mag/arcsec²]
• number visible stars
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Measuring sky brightness with the SQM/SQM-L• handy tool
• simple measurements
• but know and respect the limits!
• tests by Pierantonio Cinzano
geopositions with GPS• exact positions
• waypoints with SQM measurement
• navigation tool to search dark places
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Measuring sky brightness with the DSLR• calibration with SQM
• easy and time saving
• fixed values: 1:1.8/28mm 1:1.4/30mm 1:2.8/4.5mm (fisheye)
• 1/20 or 10/20/30 sec exp.time
10.5 cd/m²2
3
>4
>4
2
1 mcd/m²
3
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TERRA.vita, OsnabrückUNESCO GeoPark,
densely populated
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TERRA.vita,Osnabrück14.10.09
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Nationalpark Eifelborder to Belgium
near Bonn/Köln/Aachen
Dernau valley river Ahr
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Naturpark/Nationalpark Eifel
21
20.5
20
19.5
19.0
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Star Partiesin Germany• ITV
• HATT
• STATT
• Reinsehlen
• Hunsrück
• Almberg
• ...
Number ofparticipants oftendepending onweather!
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Parc naturel régional Camargue
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Provence:Mont Ventoux
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Provence: Mont Ventoux
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Provence: Mont Ventoux: 2000 m, 21.5 mag/arcsec²
Avignon
Carpentras
N
WS
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Hautes Alpes: touristic useAvignon
Carpentras
Marseille
Aix-en-Provence
Haute-Provence
touristic use:night of starswith switch-off
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darkest region Austrian Alps• Millstätter See, Spittal, Lammersdorfer Alm, 1600m, m = 21.2
• Nature park Nockberge, 2000m, m = 21.65
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Austrian Alps
Nature park Nockberge
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Alps: Favorite observing places• Gornergrat (CH)
• Silvretta
• Sattelberger Alm
• Großglockner (Wallackhaus)
• Nature park Nockberge
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Developped touristic region:
Mallorca
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Mallorca Santuari Sta. Magdalena landscape (CIE) -> W (Inca)
-> E (Alcudia)
nightscape
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Mallorca Santuari Sant Salvador -> SE
Na Burguesa -> Palma 2s
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Mallorca
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Naturpark Westhavelland
Touristic undevelopped region,nature reserve:darkest region in Germanydiscussion about 21.7 mag/arcsec²70 km west of Berlin
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Naturpark Westhavelland21.78 mag/arcsec² !
2120 20.5
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Naturpark Westhavelland
Zodiacal light
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Harz?
Sky Background
20.5
21
20DMSP 2008
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Harz?UNESCO World Heritage
Sky Background
21.1-21.3
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Canadas, 21.3
Teneriffa
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Teneriffa
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Touristic facilities La Palma
Casa Rosabel
Astropalma.com Pto. Naos
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Touristic facilities La Palma
Casa Rosabel
Gonzalez/Hernandez Pto. Naos
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La Palma, Roque deLos Muchachos, 21.6
natural dark sky
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Cause: Lights from Los Llanos
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Conclusions
• Maps useful to find dark sky places!
• DMSP have higher resolution (individual places)
• DMSP more recent (2009 <-> 1997)
• Cinzano maps coarser spatial resolution
• too broad levels (20.5 - 21.0 - 21.5)
• 0.5 mag/arcsec² too bright?
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Conclusions
• Controversy: mass tourism <-> dark skies! (Mallorca)
• Controversy: protected areas - dark skies - tourism
• Good lighting! (La Palma) - but not only locally (lp wide reaching)
• Initiatives for astronomy and dark skies (Hautes Alpes, Montsec, La Palma)
• Create good offers (observing places, transport, accomodation ....)
• marketing (astroamateurs must know about the offer)
• multilingual
Montsec
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Lastovo, 21.6
natural dark sky