Download - Top Science 3 - Activity Book With Answers
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Top Science 3PRIMARYACTIVITY BOOK
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3three
CONTENTS
106
UNIT TOPICS
1 Your body4
The human body Your body moves
You grow and change
2 Our senses 10
Sight Hearing
Smell, taste and touch
3 Living things16
Nutrition Sensitivity
Reproduction
4 Vertebrate animals22
Mammals Reptiles and birds
Fish and amphibians
5 Invertebrate animals28
Invertebrate animals Insects
6 Machines34
Machines Simple and compound machines
7 Planet Earth40
The Earth, the Sun and the Moon The Earth and the Moon move
Maps and globes
8 Water46
The different states of water Water in nature
The water cycle
9 Air and weather52
Air Weather and climate
Weather and the seasons
10 Landscapes58
Inland landscapes Coastal landscapes
Rivers, lakes and reservoirs
11 Villages and cities64
Villages Cities
12 Jobs70
Crop farming Stockbreeding and fishing
Factory work
13 Work and services76
Services Trade
Transport and communications
14 Local government82
Local councils Municipal services
15Finding out about the past
88
The passing of time Memories from the past
The past and present of cities and villages
TERM ACTIVITIES 94 PROJECTS AND GAMES
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4 four
1UnitMatch the photograph to the part of the body. 1
forearm abdomen thigh
Circle the odd word out. 2
Point to and say the parts of the body in the photograph.
Say whether these body parts are part of the head, the trunk or the limbs.
faceHEAD
TRUNK
UPPER LIMBS
LOWER LIMBS
forehead abdomen chin
abdomen thorax forearm back
arms thighs forearms hands
thighs feet hands legs
Find and write the differences. 4
Label the organs. Complete the sentence. 3
Picture 1 - limbs, Picture 2 - limbs, Picture 3 - trunk
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5five
Peter
curly hair
Mark
straight hair
Find and write the differences. 4
Your are inside your body. They make your body function.
Label the organs. Complete the sentence. 3
MODEL ANSWER (M. A.)
brain
lungs
muscle
bone
organs
heart
kidney
stomach
intestines
glasses
large eyes
braces
tall
slim
green eyes
no glasses
small eyes
no braces
short
robust
brown eyes
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61
six
Solve the riddles about parts of the body. Then, number. 5
Write T (true) or F (false). 6
21
34
Bones can be long, short or flat.
The femur is a short bone.
The skull is a fixed joint.
Bones are not living things.
Bones can grow.
Moveable joints are found where the bones move in one direction.
I am inside your body. I am a living thing. I grow with you. B .
Bones join together here. J .
I hold moveable joints together. L .
I stretch and contract. I am attached to the bones inside your arm. M .
Label the muscles. Complete the sentences. 7
Complete the word puzzle. Find the missing word. 8
oneigament
uscleoint
3 1
24
T
T
T
F
F
T
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7seven 7
7
Label the muscles. Complete the sentences. 7
Complete the word puzzle. Find the missing word. 8
A B
Bones and muscles work together to move your body. Muscles are flexible.
When the muscle contracts, the arm bends at the elbow.
When the muscle contracts, the arm stretches.
The is made up of bones and supports the weight of the body.
15
2
3
8
6
4
T
K N E E
V
S
F
W
E
L
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
R
E
K
E
R
L
I
C
T
L
U
S
O
A
P
B
E T
I
R
U
M
I
B
G
E
E
L
R
T
W
M
S
R A
N
biceps triceps
biceps
triceps
skeleton
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81
eight
c. start
to
Permanent
grow
teeth
.
a. drink
Babies
mothers
their
milk
.
b. walk
learn
Babies
to
.
Look at the photographs of childhood. Unscramble and write sentences.9
Write A for adolescent or B for adult. 10
They grow very quickly.
They go out to work or look after the home.
They start to grow facial and body hair.
Their body is fully developed.
Their voice gets deeper.
Put the stages of Sarahs life in order. 11
Draw ways to identify your friend. 12
Babies drink their mothers milk
Babies learn to walk
Permanent teeth start to grow
A
A
A
B
B
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9nine
iris fingerprint
signatureteeth
Put the stages of Sarahs life in order. 11
Draw ways to identify your friend. 12
Exchange books. Your partner guesses who the friend is.
Sarahs muscles are weaker, but she still likes to do exercise.
1 Sarah learns to talk.
Sarah goes to work every day. She has got two children.
Sarah suddenly grows a lot and develops breasts.
Sarahs milk teeth start to fall out and permanent teeth start to grow.
5
4
3
2
OPEN ANSWER (O. A.) O. A.
O. A.O. A.
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10
2Unit
ten
sight smell hearing taste touch
Write the senses. Then, draw the sense organs on the picture. 1
Label the diagrams of the inner eye and the outer eye. 2
Match the sentence halves. 3
How does the girl see the bird? Unscramble and write sentences. 4
touch
L
I
P
C O P I
R E E
taste
hearing
sightsmell
ens etina
ris
upil
ornea ptic nerve upil ris
yelashes yelid
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11eleven
Match the sentence halves. 3
b. The pupil is a coloured ring.
a. Light enters the eye helps the eye focus.
d. through the cornea.The lens
c. The iris is captures the light.
the hole in the centre of the iris.e. The retina
How does the girl see the bird? Unscramble and write sentences. 4
.
a.
.
b.
.
c.
The eyesgirls a objectflying see
the opticsent nervethrough theto informationThis is brain
knows ita Herand birdbrain ais not bee
hearing
sight
The girls eyes see a flying object
This information is sent to the brain through the optic nerve
Her brain knows it is a bird and not a bee
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12 twelve
Complete the sentences about hearing.
When a guitar string it produces sound.
It sends through
the air. If the guitar is on your left, the sound reaches your
ear first.
The sound goes through the pinna and enters the
.
The vibrates when the sound reaches it.
The three make the sound louder.
The cochlea sends sound through the to the brain.
Put the sentences in order to describe how sound reaches the brain.
The cochlea sends the sound through the auditory nerve to the brain.
The brain interprets the information.
The sound captured by the ear is received by the cochlea.
Draw and label something that produces a pleasant sound and something that produces an irritating sound.
8
9
10
Label the diagram of the ear.
A P
B S
C C
D E
E E
F A
Classify the parts of the ear.
small bones
ear canal
cochlea
pinna
eardrum
Write about different ways you can take care of your ears.
5
6
7
2
Outer ear Middle ear Inner ear
B
A
C
D E F
mall bones
ochlea
ar canal
ardrum
uditory nerve
inna
ear canal small bones
M. A. You should keep your ears clean, dry your ears after having a shower or bath, visit
the doctor if you have an ear infection, use large headphones that cover the entire ear and
not listen to loud music. You should not use cotton buds.
cochlea
pinna eardrum
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13thirteen
Complete the sentences about hearing.
eardrum
sound waves
ear canal
left
auditory nerve
vibrates
small bones
When a guitar string it produces sound.
It sends through
the air. If the guitar is on your left, the sound reaches your
ear first.
The sound goes through the pinna and enters the
.
The vibrates when the sound reaches it.
The three make the sound louder.
The cochlea sends sound through the to the brain.
Put the sentences in order to describe how sound reaches the brain.
The cochlea sends the sound through the auditory nerve to the brain.
The brain interprets the information.
The sound captured by the ear is received by the cochlea.
Draw and label something that produces a pleasant sound and something that produces an irritating sound.
8
9
10
O. A. O. A.
2
3
1
vibrates
sound waves
left
ear canal
eardrum
small bones
auditory nerve
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14 fourteen
2
Read the sentences about the sense of smell. Write T (true) or F (false).
The sense organ of smell is in your nose.
We can distinguish five basic smells.
The nasal cavity has special smell receptors.
Odours enter the nose through the olfactory bulb.
The inside of the mouth and the nose are connected.
Taste and sight work together to distinguish different flavours.
Label the tongue. Use these words.
sweet
sour
bitter
umami
salty
Complete the sentences and draw your favourite food.
My favourite food is .
It has a flavour.
11
12
13
Find words related to touch. Then, use the words to complete the text.
The sense organ of touch is the skin . We distinguish different sensations
through our t r . Our f
and l are very s . The sense of touch allows
us to distinguish whether something is dry orw ,
hot or c , or hard or s .
Complete the table about the senses.
14
15
nasal cavity
nose
nostrils
O. A.
O. A.
O. A.
T
T
T
F
F
F
bitter
umami
sour
salty
sweet
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15fifteen
Find words related to touch. Then, use the words to complete the text.
S O F T I E M M G L W R F V
S E N S I T I V E I E S G Q
T O U C H R E C E P T O R S
X D C O L D I P S S O M F Y
E G Q T P P M S K I N V I L
Q B F I N G E R T I P S W P
The sense organ of touch is the skin . We distinguish different sensations
through our t r . Our f
and l are very s . The sense of touch allows
us to distinguish whether something is dry orw ,
hot or c , or hard or s .
Complete the table about the senses.
14
15
Sense Sense organ What does it do?
eye
taste
It captures smells.
touch
It captures sounds.
ouch eceptors ingertips
ips ensitive
et
old oft
sight
smell
hearing
tongue
skin
It allows us to see.
nose
ear
It captures flavours.
It distinguishes sensations.
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16 sixteen
Match the words to the photographs. Draw the missing animal.
Unscramble and write the sentences about photosynthesis.
.
.
.
Label the diagram of plant nutrition.
The green substance in leaves
is called .
3
4
5
Draw a path between the living things to the finish line. 1
Complete the sentences. Use these words.
nutrients
nutrition
energy
a. Living things need food for the process of .
b. Living things absorb from food to help them grow and be healthy.
c. Food gives us to run, jump, play and think.
2
3Unit
FINISH
HELICOPTER
It flies through the air.
SUNFLOWER
It produces its own food and needs sunlight.
WASP
It is small. It can sting you.
ROBOT
It can walk and talk.
SNAKE
It slithers along the ground.
SNOWMAN
It melts in the sunshine.
LION
It eats, runs and sleeps.
START
nutrition
nutrients
energy
sunlight
water/mineral salts
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seventeen 17
Match the words to the photographs. Draw the missing animal.
carnivore
herbivore
omnivore
Unscramble and write the sentences about photosynthesis.
the
sunlight
is
leaves
from
Energy
taken through
.
taken through
and
Water
are
roots
mineral
salts
the
.
taken from
leaves
air
dioxide
the
is
Carbon
the
through
.
Label the diagram of plant nutrition.
carbon dioxide
mineral salts
water
sunlight
The green substance in leaves
is called .
3
4
5
SNAKE
It slithers along the ground.
SNOWMAN
It melts in the sunshine.
LION
It eats, runs and sleeps.
a.
b.
c.
Energy from sunlight is taken through the leaves
Water and mineral salts are taken through the roots
Carbon dioxide is taken from the air through the leaves
sunlight
water/mineral saltsmineral salts/water chlorophyll
carbon dioxide
O. A.
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18 eighteen
Read the text. Then, draw the next picture.
Look at the bee. It wants to sting the girl because she is near the beehive. The bee flies closer to the girl. The girl can hear the bee. She turns around. She sees the bee. What happens next?
Look at the pictures. Complete the text about sensitivity. Use these words.
eyes
nose
living things
sense organs
muscles
nerves
ears
brain
Look at the panther. It is using its sense organs. It uses its to hear the
antelope. It uses its to smell the antelope. It uses its to see
the antelope. It wants to eat the antelope. The panthers sense organs send information
to the through the . The brain interprets the information. It
sends a message to the leg and the panther jumps.
All have sensitivity. People and animals use
, muscles and the nervous system to respond to the environment.
6
7
3
Complete the text and find the missing word.
Plants do not have a nervous system, but they do interact with their environment.
Their roots grow towards and their stems and grow
towards the . Some plants open their flowers during the and some
at . The leaves of some plants close if you them.
Some plants wrap themselves around other plants as they grow.
This life process is called s n v i y.
Look at the pictures. Describe how this plant interacts with the environment. Use these words.
Write animals and / or plants.
a. They make their own food.
b. They need water to live.
c. They eat living things.
d. They need sunlight to make food.
8
9
10
O. A.
ears
eyesnose
brain nerves
muscles
living things sense
organs
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19nineteen
Complete the text and find the missing word.
touch
leaves
light
day
water
night
Plants do not have a nervous system, but they do interact with their environment.
Their roots grow towards and their stems and grow
towards the . Some plants open their flowers during the and some
at . The leaves of some plants close if you them.
Some plants wrap themselves around other plants as they grow.
This life process is called s n v i y.
Look at the pictures. Describe how this plant interacts with the environment. Use these words.
sunlight
water
nutrients
Write animals and / or plants.
a. They make their own food.
b. They need water to live.
c. They eat living things.
d. They need sunlight to make food.
8
9
10
A B
plants
animals and plants
animals
plants
M. A. The roots of the plant grow
towards the water. They absorb
water and nutrients from the
soil. The stem grows towards the
sunlight. Sunlight is necessary
for photosynthesis.
w a t e r
l i g h t
n i g h t t o u c h
s i t i
d a y
l e a v e s
te
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20 twenty
Complete the sentences about the apple tree. Use these words.
13Find and circle the words about reproduction in animals.
male
female
mating
offspring
sexual
asexual
reproduction
O F F S P R I N G G T M
X E B S E V S A J D P A
M M S E P X P E N H X T
A A E N I L U C S A M I
L L N X R P I A F U A N
E E A S E X U A L B L G
R E P R O D U C T I O N
Use two of the words to complete the definitions.
a. reproduction: the male and female mate to produce offspring.
b. reproduction: animals do not mate to produce offspring.
Look at the animals and write V (viviparous) or O (oviparous). Then, complete the sentences.
The offspring of viviparous animals grow inside their mothers w .
The offspring of oviparous animals grow inside an e .
11
12
3
Lood at the pictures of plant reproduction. Write sexual or asexual.14
Sexual
Asexual
omb
gg
VO
V
O
O
V
V
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21twenty-one
Complete the sentences about the apple tree. Use these words.
seeds
germinate
apple tree
carpel
grows
13
The apple tree
flowers.
A new
grows.
The of the flower turns into an apple. The apple grows.
The apple has
inside.
The apples fall to the ground and
the seeds . They
grow small roots and a stem.
Lood at the pictures of plant reproduction. Write sexual or asexual.14
B CA
sexual asexual sexual
germinate
seeds
apple
tree
grows carpel
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22 twenty-two
Complete the sentences about marine mammals. Use these words.
Whales are marine mammals. They are vertebrates
because they have a made of bones.
They are because they are born from
their mothers . They drink their mothers
. They have skin.
They breathe through so they need
to get oxygen from the . This is why they come to the surface.
Finish and label the sketch of a bat. Then, answer the questions.
a. When do bats hunt?
b. Which sense organs do bats use to help them hunt?
c. How is a bat different from most other mammals?
3
4
Use the key to colour the vertebrates.
Key
mammal
reptile
amphibian
fish
bird
What am I? Solve the riddles and write the animal.
1
2
4Unit
Write another riddle about your favourite animal.
I breathe through lungs. My baby is called a calf. People make dairy products from my milk.
I am born from my mothers womb. I have fur. I like to play with you and go for walks. I live with people.
I cant walk when I am born. I live in my mothers pouch. When I am older, I hop on two legs. I live in Australia.
I am born on land. I spend a lot of time on the frozen sea in the Arctic. I have a lot of white fur to keep me warm.
a.
c.
b.
d.
O. A.
cow
kangaroo
dog
polar bear
fingers
bluegreen
green
red
red
redyellow
brown
brown
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23twenty-three
Complete the sentences about marine mammals. Use these words.
lungs
womb
bare
air
vertebrates
skeleton
viviparous
milk
Whales are marine mammals. They are vertebrates
because they have a made of bones.
They are because they are born from
their mothers . They drink their mothers
. They have skin.
They breathe through so they need
to get oxygen from the . This is why they come to the surface.
Finish and label the sketch of a bat. Then, answer the questions.
wing
arm
fingers
ears
eyes
thumb
a. When do bats hunt?
b. Which sense organs do bats use to help them hunt?
c. How is a bat different from most other mammals?
3
4
O. A.
skeleton
viviparous
womb
milk bare
lungs
air
Bats hunt at night.
They use their ears.
Bats are different from most other
mammals because they can fly.
thumb
arm ears
eyes
wing
fingers
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24 twenty-four
Read about reptiles and birds. Write All, Some, or None.
Solve the clues to complete the word puzzle. Find the mystery word.
D
I N C U B A T E
1. Birds sit on their eggs to them.2. are the parts of a birds body that it uses for flying. 3. Scientists study to find out about dinosaurs.4. Birds bodies are covered in .5. Reptiles have on their skin and birds have them on their legs. 6. Animals that are born from eggs are .7. Animals that eat other animals are .8. An is a very large bird with long legs that cannot fly.
Scientists think that birds are descended from .
8
9
Write similarities and differences.
Complete the sentences about reptiles. Then, match them to the photographs.
shell
slithers
oxygen
scutes
a. Its skin is protected by bony .
b. To move, it .
c. It is aquatic but breathes .
d. To protect its body, it has a hard .
Tick the animals that take care of their babies.
5
6
7
4
A
no fur
Human babyHuman baby
fur
Baby chimpanzee
eyes at front of face
big brain
scutes
slithers
oxygen
shell
eyes at front of face
big brain
C D B
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25twenty-five
Read about reptiles and birds. Write All, Some, or None.
Reptiles Birds
They breathe in oxygen through lungs.
They walk on legs.
They lay their eggs on land.
They are vertebrates.
They have two wings and feathers.
They incubate their eggs.
Their skin is covered with scales.
Solve the clues to complete the word puzzle. Find the mystery word.
D
I N C U B A T E
1. Birds sit on their eggs to them.2. are the parts of a birds body that it uses for flying. 3. Scientists study to find out about dinosaurs.4. Birds bodies are covered in .5. Reptiles have on their skin and birds have them on their legs. 6. Animals that are born from eggs are .7. Animals that eat other animals are .8. An is a very large bird with long legs that cannot fly.
Scientists think that birds are descended from .
8
9
1
2
5
3
8
4
6
7
dinosaurs
All
Some
All
All
None
Some
All
All
All
All
All
All
All
None
W I N G S
B O N E S
F E A T H E R S
O V I P A R O U S
C A R N I V O R E S
S C A L E S
O S T R I C H
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26 twenty-six
Mark the false sentences with a cross.
Young frogs grow from tadpoles.
Frogs take care of their babies.
Frogs can breathe through their skin.
Tadpoles breathe through gills.
Frogs can breathe through lungs.
Tadpoles do not have a tail.
Draw the missing stages of the life cycle of a frog.
FROGSPAWN TADPOLE TADPOLE WITH TADPOLE WITH YOUNG FROG BACK LEGS FOUR LEGS
Choose one of these animals and write sentences. Use some of these words.
13
14
15
4
Label the parts of the fish.
dorsal fins
gills
caudal fin
anal fin
pectoral fin
pelvic fin
Unscramble and write sentences about fish.
a. oxygen
through
breathe in
gills
Fish
their
.
b. to
fins
use
Fish
swim
their
.
Draw the missing stage of the life cycle of a fish. Then, describe each picture.
10
11
12
Eggs Baby fish Adult fish
O. A.
caudal fin
dorsal fins
gills
anal fin pectoral fin pelvic fin
Fish breathe in oxygen through their gills
Fish use their fins to swim
M. A. Eggs: Fish are oviparous animals. They lay many small eggs in water. These eggs
have no protective covering. Baby fish: Baby fish hatch from the eggs. The baby fish
grow into adult fish. Adult fish: Adult fish have bodies covered with shiny scales,
and they swim using their fins. They breathe using their gills.
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27 twenty-seven
Mark the false sentences with a cross.
Young frogs grow from tadpoles.
Frogs take care of their babies.
Frogs can breathe through their skin.
Tadpoles breathe through gills.
Frogs can breathe through lungs.
Tadpoles do not have a tail.
Draw the missing stages of the life cycle of a frog.
FROGSPAWN TADPOLE TADPOLE WITH TADPOLE WITH YOUNG FROG BACK LEGS FOUR LEGS
Choose one of these animals and write sentences. Use some of these words.
oviparous
viviparous
womb
egg
incubate
lungs
hatch
breathe
skin
13
14
15
A B C
O. A.
O. A.
O. A.
gills
pelvic fin
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28 twenty-eight
Label the photograph of the snail.
tentacles with eyes
flat foot for moving
head
tentacles for the sense of touch
hard, spiral shell for protection
Write T (true) or F (false). Correct the false sentences.
Snails are arthropods.
Snails eat plants.
Snails have soft bodies.
Snails have two feet.
Snails do not have shells.
Name a mollusc that does not have a shell.
Write sentences about spiders. Use these words.
Name two more arthropods.
3
4
5
What are jellyfish like? Unscramble the words and complete the text.
t e r s v t b n a e r e i
e a s
l f a o t
a e s t t e n c l
Jellyfish are . They live
in the but they are not
fish. They do not have fins.
They with the
sea currents and use propulsion
to move.
They have long that
can sting you!
Label the parts of the jellyfish. Write bell, tentacles and mouth.
Read the clues. Complete the crossword about worms.
ACROSS
1. The is a worm that can live inside the human body.
3. Some worms live in the .
DOWN
2. The bump that is part of the reproductive system is called a .
4. A worm has no skeleton; it is an .
5. Worms' bodies are not hard, they are .
6. Many worms live and make tunnels in the soil.
1
2
5Unit
I
U
C S
S
T
3
1
4
2
5
6
invertebrates
sea
float
tentacles
bell
mouth
tentacles
N
V
E
R
T
E
B
R
A
T
E
L
I
E
L
L
U
M
N
D
E
R
G
R
O
U
N
D
O
F
T
A
A P W M
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29twenty-nine
Label the photograph of the snail.
A tentacles with eyes
B flat foot for moving
C head
D tentacles for the sense of touch
E hard, spiral shell for protection
Write T (true) or F (false). Correct the false sentences.
Snails are arthropods.
Snails eat plants.
Snails have soft bodies.
Snails have two feet.
Snails do not have shells.
Name a mollusc that does not have a shell.
Write sentences about spiders. Use these words.
legs
arthropod
spin webs
trap
catch
insect
eat
Name two more arthropods.
3
4
5
bell
mouth
tentacles
Snails are molluscs.
Snails have one foot.
Snails have a hard, spiral shell.
M. A. Spiders are arthropods. They have eight legs. Most
spiders spin webs to trap insects. They eat the insects that
they catch in their webs.
M. A. slug
M. A. centipedes, crabs
F
E
B
C D A
T
T
F
F
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30 thirty
Complete the life cycle of a butterfly. Draw and write.
9
5
Circle the odd one out. Then, complete each sentence.
a. centipede crab spider octopus An is not an .
b. clam scallop worm snail A is not a .
Read and draw the animals.
a mollusc with a shell
a mollusc without a shell
an arthropod
Match the sentence halves. Use the information to label the diagram of an insect.
a. Insects bodies are divided into
six legs and four wings.
b. The head contains
three main parts.
c. The thorax contains
the organs.
d. The abdomen contains
the mouth, the eyes and two antennae.
6
7
8
A B C
O. A. O. A. O. A.
eye antennae
octopus arthropod
worm mollusc
thorax
head
abdomen
wings
legs
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31thirty-one
Complete the life cycle of a butterfly. Draw and write.
adult
oviparous
cocoon
caterpillar
9
Write the names of four other insects.
Butterflies lay eggs. They are
.
It covers itself in a
.
The offspring looks like a worm. It is called a
.
After many changes, it emerges as an
butterfly.
O. A.
O. A.
oviparous
adult caterpillar
cocoon
ants cockroaches
M. A.
beetles mosquitoes
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32 thirty-two
Complete the diagram. Use these words.
11
Colour the animals that can harm people. Tick the invertebrates.
Draw and label a sketch of your favourite insect. Write two sentences about your insect.
12
13
How is honey made? Match the photographs to the sentences. 10
5
After two to three weeks, the nectar is transformed into liquid honey.
The bees take the nectar to the beehive.
Other bees cover the honey with wax to preserve it.
1 The bee collects nectar from the flower.
A beekeeper collects the honey and wax.
Each bee puts the nectar in honeycomb cells.
1
4
2
5
3
6
4
2
6
5
3
401895 _ 0001-0033.indd 32 14/10/11 8:46
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33thirty-three
Complete the diagram. Use these words.
provide food
eat our clothes
eat dead plants
damage crops
sting
pollinate plants
make honey and silk
transmit diseases
11
Colour the animals that can harm people. Tick the invertebrates.
Draw and label a sketch of your favourite insect. Write two sentences about your insect.
12
13
HARMFUL INSECTS USEFUL
O. A.
O. A.
eat our clothes
sting
provide food
pollinate plants
damage crops
transmit diseases
eat dead plants
make honey and silk
colour
colour
colour
401895 _ 0001-0033.indd 33 14/10/11 8:46
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34 thirty-four
6UnitLook at the classroom. Use the key to colour the machines.
Key
carry things
communicate
exert force
travel
Write the use of each machine. Use these words.
exerting force
carrying heavy objects
communicating
travelling
a. Shopping trolleys are used for .
b. Electric screwdrivers are used for .
c. Motorbikes are used for .
d. Computers are used for .
1
2
Circle the odd one out. Then, write sentences using the circled words.
a.
b.
c.
d.
A is used for .
A .
A .
A .
These machines help us. What energy do they use? Complete the chart.
Choose two of the machines from Activity 4 and write sentences.
A dishwasher uses electricity .
A uses .
A uses .
Name another machine that you use at home. Write the energy source.
3
4
5
carrying heavy objects
yellow
yellow
red
redblue
green
exerting force
travelling
communicating
401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 34 14/10/11 9:01
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35 thirty-five
Circle the odd one out. Then, write sentences using the circled words.
a. helicopter train boat telephone
b. saw trolley cart wheelbarrow
c. hammer bicycle drill screwdriver
d. telephone computer television cart
A is used for .
A .
A .
A .
These machines help us. What energy do they use? Complete the chart.
Human energy Electricity
Choose two of the machines from Activity 4 and write sentences.
A dishwasher uses electricity .
A uses .
A uses .
Name another machine that you use at home. Write the energy source.
3
4
5
vacuum cleaner
washing machine
broom
duster mop
dishwasher
green
human energymop
broom dishwasher
duster vacuum cleaner
mop washing machine
human energyduster
A television uses electricity.
saw is used for exerting force
communicating
bicycle is used for travelling
cart is used for carrying heavy objects
telephone
M. A.
M. A.
401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 35 14/10/11 9:01
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36
6
thirty-six
Write S (simple) or C (compound) next to each machine.
Which is the most modern lawnmower? Circle.
Draw one simple machine and one compound machine that we use when we study.
8
9
10
Use the key to colour the machines.
Key
human force
combustible fuel
wind
electricity
Look at the photographs. Match the machines to the descriptions and write the energy source.
Athletes use this to train before a race. It needs to be
plugged in. The energy source is .
In this sport you travel over water on a board, holding a sail. You have no motor.
The energy source is .
In this sport you use a machine to catch fish.
The energy source is .
In this sport, drivers want to reach the finish line first.
The energy source is .
6
7
A
B
C
D
electricity
wind
human force
combustible fuel
green
red
redblue
orange
401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 36 21/10/11 8:26
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37 thirty-seven
Write S (simple) or C (compound) next to each machine.
Which is the most modern lawnmower? Circle.
Draw one simple machine and one compound machine that we use when we study.
8
9
10
A B
O. A. O. A.
C
C
S
S
S
C
S
red
401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 37 21/10/11 8:26
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38 thirty-eight
6
Match the pictures to the simple machines and to their use.
lever To move heavy objects from a lower to a higher place.
ramp To lift heavy objects with abar.
pulley To move things from one place to another.
wheel To lift heavy objects with a wheel and a rope.
Write the simple machines.
a. A rope wrapped around a wheel.
b. A solid disk that turns on an axle.
c. A bar that rests on a pivot point.
d. An inclined plane.
Which simple machine could you use in each situation?
a. You need to collect water in a bucket from a well.
b. A horse needs to get into a horse box.
11
12
13
Circle the compound machines. Compare the pictures.
There are compound machines in A and compound machines in B.
Complete the sentences. Use these words.
can be electric or gas. They produce movement.
are wheels with teeth that produce movement.
are electric circuits with very small parts called microchips.
have switches and wires. They help electricity flow through amachine.
Look at the photographs of compound machines. Match them to the sentences above.
14
15
A
B
C
D
pulley
wheel
lever
ramp
pulley
ramp
401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 38 14/10/11 9:01
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39 thirty-nine
Circle the compound machines. Compare the pictures.
There are compound machines in A and compound machines in B.
Complete the sentences. Use these words.
electric circuits
electronic circuits
motors
gears
can be electric or gas. They produce movement.
are wheels with teeth that produce movement.
are electric circuits with very small parts called microchips.
have switches and wires. They help electricity flow through amachine.
Look at the photographs of compound machines. Match them to the sentences above.
14
15
A B
A CB D
3 1
B
D
A
C
Motors
Gears
Electronic circuits
Electric circuits
401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 39 14/10/11 9:01
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40 forty
Write the words under the correct photograph.
3Label the picture of planet Earth. Then, write the words next to the definitions.
continent
island
atmosphere
river
lake
a. Land surrounded by water.
b. A large area of land.
c. The layer of air that surrounds the Earth.
d. Water flowing from the mountains to the sea.
e. An area of water surrounded by land.
Is most of the Earth covered with land or with water?
Complete the text about the Sun. Use the words.
closer
life
star
heat
light
live
1
2
The Sun is the only in the Solar System. The Sun is like other stars
in the sky, but looks bigger because it is to Earth.
The Sun gives the Earth and .
Without the Sun, the Solar System would be dark and cold.
There would be no on Earth because
plants and animals need sunlight to and grow.
7Unit
Write Sun, Moon or Earth.
a. This star gives us the light and heat we need to live.
b. This planet is surrounded by the atmosphere.
c. The seas on this satellite do not contain any water.
Solve these riddles about the Moon.
4
5
atmosphere
continent
river
lake
island
continent
island
atmosphere
river
lake
water
star
closer
heat light
life
live
401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 40 14/10/11 9:01
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41forty-one
Write the words under the correct photograph.
light
star
light areas
seas
water
heat
dark areas
planet
crater
air
3
The light regions on a photograph of the Moon. They are high areas.
You could not breathe on the Moon because there is none of this.
On Earth they contain water, and on the Moon they do not.
These were formed when asteroids or comets hit the Moons surface.
The Moon does not have any light, but it looks bright because it reflects light from this star.
Write Sun, Moon or Earth.
a. This star gives us the light and heat we need to live.
b. This planet is surrounded by the atmosphere.
c. The seas on this satellite do not contain any water.
Solve these riddles about the Moon.
4
5
Sun Moon Earth
a.
d.
b.
e.
c. high regions air seas
Sun
light
star
heat
light areas
seas
dark areas
crater
seas
water
planet
air
Earth
Moon
craters Sun
401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 41 14/10/11 9:01
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42 forty-two
Label the Moon phases.
Why does the Moon seem to change shape?
Write T (true) or F (false).
A lunar month has 28 days. Each Moon phase lasts two weeks.
The Earth orbits the Moon. The half of the Moon facing the Sun appears bright.
Draw your house in the centre. Then, follow the instructions and draw.
Draw your school to the north.
Draw a supermarket to the east.
Draw a lake to the south.
Draw a park to the west.
10
11
12
Use the key to colour the Earth. Then, complete the sentence.
night day
It is dark. It is night. I am
at the Pole.
Match the sentences to the correct word.
a. The Earth takes 24 hours to turn all the way round.
b. The Earth orbits the Sun.
c. One complete orbit of the Sun takes 365 days.
ROTATION
d. It causes the four seasons.
e. The Earth spins on its tilted axis.
REVOLUTION
f. It causes day and night.
Label the diagrams. Write revolution or rotation.
Read the text about Earth revolution. Circle the correct words.
Earth revolution causes the four seasons. The Suns rays reach the Earth at an angle because the Earth rotates on a level / tilted axis. In winter the angle is bigger, which means there is more / less heat. In summer the rays reach Earth more directly. This means there is more / less heat.
6
7
8
9
7
South Pole
North Pole
A B
revolution rotation
North
black
yellow
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43forty-three
Label the Moon phases.
full moon
new moon
waxing moon
waning moon
Why does the Moon seem to change shape?
Write T (true) or F (false).
A lunar month has 28 days. Each Moon phase lasts two weeks.
The Earth orbits the Moon. The half of the Moon facing the Sun appears bright.
Draw your house in the centre. Then, follow the instructions and draw.
Draw your school to the north.
Draw a supermarket to the east.
Draw a lake to the south.
Draw a park to the west.
10
11
12
T F
F T
O. A.
full moon waxing moonwaning moon new moon
M. A. The half of the Moon facing the Sun appears bright. However, we cannot
always see all of the bright side.
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44 forty-four
Classify the continents and oceans.
Label the three continents and three oceans that are missing on the map.
15
16
What do we use artificial satellites for? Look at the pictures and write.
Label the Earth globe. Then, use the words to complete the sentences.
North Pole
South Pole
Equator
Northern Hemisphere
Southern Hemisphere
An Earth globe is the most accurate way to represent planet Earth. The
divides theEarth into two halves: the
and the . Thepoint on Earth that
is farthest North is the and the point
that isfarthest South is the .
13
14
7
A B C
For telecommunications.
Northern Hemisphere
Southern Hemisphere
North Pole
Equator
South Pole
Equator
Northern Hemisphere
Southern Hemisphere
North Pole
South Pole
To create maps and globes. For information about
the weather.
401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 44 14/10/11 9:01
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45forty-five
Classify the continents and oceans.
Indian America Atlantic Europe Pacific Asia
Africa Oceania Antarctic Arctic Antarctica
Continents Oceans
Label the three continents and three oceans that are missing on the map.
15
16
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
ARCTIC OCEAN
289803U7p45_mundi oceanos
N
EW
S
AFRICA
OCEANIA
ANTARCTICA
North Pole
Equator
South Pole
Equator
America
Europe
Asia
Africa
Oceania
Antarctica
Indian
Atlantic
Pacific
Antarctic
Arctic
PACIFIC OCEAN
PACIFIC OCEAN
INDIAN OCEAN
ANTARCTIC OCEAN
AMERICA
ASIAEUROPE
401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 45 14/10/11 9:01
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46 forty-six
Write the state of the water under the photographs.1 Match the photographs to the descriptions. Then, write the change of state that is taking place.
condensation
Write the different uses of water in the picture.
3
4
8Unit
ICE LIQUID WATER WATER VAPOUR
Match the words to the sentences. Then, complete the diagram.
melting
freezing
evaporation
condensation
a. When ice is heated and turns into liquid water.
b. When liquid water heats up and turns into water vapour.
c. When liquid water cools and turns into ice.
d. When water vapour cools and turns into liquid water.
2
A B C
solid gas liquid
melting
evaporation
freezing
condensation
melting
freezing
evaporation
condensation
401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 46 14/10/11 9:01
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47forty-seven
Match the photographs to the descriptions. Then, write the change of state that is taking place.
Wet clothes drying in the sun.
When rain turns into ice.
When snow turns into water.
When the bathroom
mirror gets misty. condensation
Write the different uses of water in the picture.
3
4
A
B
C
D
evaporation
freezing
melting
M. A. A man is using water to have
a shower. The dog is using water for
drinking. The woman is using water
to water the plants. Water is being
used to water the crops on the farm.
The plants and crops need water
to live. Water is being used in the
factory. The man is using the water in
the river for fishing.
401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 47 14/10/11 9:01
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48 forty-eight
Complete the sentences.
There is lots of water on the surface of the Earth. There is
also water beneath the surface.
This is called . Groundwater comes
from and . The water
goes through the soil and down to the empty spaces
between and below.
Here it collects and forms large deposits called .
People extract the water by building .
Look at the pictures. Use the words to describe what happens to the landscape in winter and in spring.
In winter In spring
Where are the coldest areas on Earth?
8
9
Complete the table about salt water and fresh water.
Salt water Fresh water
Where is it found? seas and oceans
How much salt does it contain?
What is it used for?
Do we drink it?
Is it treated at desalination plants?
Match the sentence halves. Then, write the complete sentences.
a. Fresh water is found in very expensive.
b. There is very little salt in the seas and the oceans.
c. Most of the water on Earth is in fresh water.
d. Salt is eliminated from salt water at desalination plants.
e. Desalted water is rivers and lakes.
How can we save water? Write three ways.
5
6
8
7
rivers, streams, lakes
a lot
no
industrial uses
yes
Fresh water is found in rivers and lakes.
There is very little salt in fresh water.
Most of the water on Earth is in the seas and the oceans.
Salt is eliminated from salt water at desalination plants.
Desalted water is very expensive.
Have a shower instead of a bath.
Turn off the tap when you brush your teeth.
Only use the washing machine when you have a full load.
very little
yes
for drinking
no
M. A.
401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 48 14/10/11 9:01
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49 forty-nine
Complete the sentences.
aquifers
snow
sand
groundwater
fresh
wells
rocks
rain
There is lots of water on the surface of the Earth. There is
also water beneath the surface.
This is called . Groundwater comes
from and . The water
goes through the soil and down to the empty spaces
between and below.
Here it collects and forms large deposits called .
People extract the water by building .
Look at the pictures. Use the words to describe what happens to the landscape in winter and in spring.
In winter In spring
Where are the coldest areas on Earth?
8
9
Winter Spring
fresh
groundwater
snow rain
rocks sand
aquifers
wells
, temperatures are low in
North Pole South Pole
mountain regions. Water becomes ice
and snow. Large pieces of ice called
icebergs float in the ocean.
, temperatures are warmer.
The snow and ice melt and turn into liquid
water again. Trees and plants grow. There
are flowers.
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50 fifty
8
Read the sentences. Use the information to draw and label the water cycle.
1. The sun heats up the water in rivers, lakes and seas. It evaporates.
2. The warm air cools. The water vapour condenses into tiny water droplets.
3. The water droplets form clouds. The wind moves the clouds over the land.
4. Water from clouds falls as rain, hail or snow. It falls into the rivers and goes into the seas and oceans.
5. Some rain is collected in the ground as groundwater and forms aquifers.
12Put the sentences in order to describe how clouds are formed.
1 Water from the oceans, lakes and rivers heats up.
Water vapour cools down and condenses.
Condensed water turns into tiny water droplets.
Water vapour rises into the cold atmosphere.
Water evaporates to form water vapour.
Water droplets form clouds which move with the wind.
Label the diagram. Write evaporation, water vapourand condensation.
Complete the text. Use the words to complete the crossword.
When rain falls on the land, it forms streams . They flow into
r , which flow into the s and
o . Sometimes rainwater and snow sink deep into the
ground and form a . Water in w
and s comes from these.
10
11
O A
S I S
T
R
R E
A
M
W S
condensation
water vapour
evaporation
ivers eas
ceans
quifers ells
prings
4
3
5
6
2
C N
NP
E F
Q
A E
S
U
S I R
LE
E S
GR
V S
L
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51fifty-one
Read the sentences. Use the information to draw and label the water cycle.
1. The sun heats up the water in rivers, lakes and seas. It evaporates.
2. The warm air cools. The water vapour condenses into tiny water droplets.
3. The water droplets form clouds. The wind moves the clouds over the land.
4. Water from clouds falls as rain, hail or snow. It falls into the rivers and goes into the seas and oceans.
5. Some rain is collected in the ground as groundwater and forms aquifers.
12
O. A.
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52 fifty-two
Compare the pictures. Circle the correct description.
Air has / doesnt have its own Air has / doesnt have shape or volume. weight.
Air has no colour or smell. It cannot be seen; it is .
Write T (true) or F (false). Correct the false sentences.
The atmosphere is the layer of gases inside the Earth.
We could not breathe in the upper part of the atmosphere.
Rain and wind are produced in the lower part of the atmosphere.
The upper part of the atmosphere contains a lot of oxygen.
Where in the atmosphere would you see these things? Write upper part or lower part.
4
5
6
Use the key to colour the chart showing the composition of air.
Complete the sentences about the gases in air.
a. is the most abundant gas in air.
b. is the second most abundant gas in air.
c. is a very small part of air.
What is air used for? Write the numbers on the picture.
1 hearing 2 burning 3 flying 4 photosynthesis 5 breathing
1
2
3
9Unit
Key
= oxygen
= nitrogen
= carbon dioxide (and other gases)
100
Gases in air
% of each gas
0
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
4
1
3
2
3
5
4
532
orange
green
blue
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fifty-three 53
Compare the pictures. Circle the correct description.
Air has / doesnt have its own Air has / doesnt have shape or volume. weight.
Air has no colour or smell. It cannot be seen; it is .
Write T (true) or F (false). Correct the false sentences.
The atmosphere is the layer of gases inside the Earth.
We could not breathe in the upper part of the atmosphere.
Rain and wind are produced in the lower part of the atmosphere.
The upper part of the atmosphere contains a lot of oxygen.
Where in the atmosphere would you see these things? Write upper part or lower part.
4
5
6
A B
i
upper part lower part
The atmosphere is the layer of gases that surrounds the Earth.
The upper part of the atmosphere contains very little oxygen.
nvisible
F
T
T
F
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54 fifty-four
Describe the climate where you live. Then, tick the correct answer.
a. In summer
b. In winter
The climate is mountain , coastal , continental .
Help the weather presenters on TV. Read the text and draw the symbols.
sunny cloudy windy rain hail snow
10
11
9
Match the sentence halves about weather.
a. Weather is
temperature, precipitation and wind.
b. Weather refers to different things, such as
the weather is hot.
c. When temperatures are low,
the weather is cold.
d. When temperatures are high,
the state of the atmosphere at aparticular place and time.
Look at the photographs and complete the sentences.
Complete the definitions for these types of wind. Use these words.
light
strong
extremely strong
cold
mild
cold
a. A gale is a wind. The temperature is .
b. A hurricane is an wind. The temperature is .
c. A breeze is a wind. The temperature is .
7
8
9
This is .
Water falls as frozen
snowflakes .
The temperature
is cold .
This is .
Water falls as
.
The temperature
is .
This is .
Water falls as
.
The temperature
is .
A B C
snow hail rain
liquidsmall
pieces of ice
cold hot or cold
strong cold
extremely strong cold or mild
light cold or mild
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55 fifty-five
Describe the climate where you live. Then, tick the correct answer.
a. In summer
b. In winter
The climate is mountain , coastal , continental .
Help the weather presenters on TV. Read the text and draw the symbols.
sunny cloudy windy rain hail snow
10
11
And now the weather for today. In the south, it will be very
sunny. In the north it will be cloudy with light winds. In the east, it will be sunny
at first. Then it will become cloudy. In the west, there is rain that will get
heavier as the day progresses.
What a cold day it is today! In the north, it is very cold and we
predict snow in the mountains. In the south, it is cloudy. In the east, it is windy and very wet. There may be gales,
so stay inside! In the west, it is cold and there will be hail storms.
liquid
A B C D E F
BC
AB
D
AAA
B
ECD
F F
O. A.
O. A.
O. A.
401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 55 14/10/11 9:02
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56 fifty-six
Complete the chart for your region.
Circle the correct answers. Then, label the photographs.
a. It measures temperature. anemometer / thermometer
b. It measures wind speed. thermometer / anemometer
c. It indicates wind direction. weather vane / pluviometer
d. It measures precipitation. pluviometer / weather vane
There is no water in the pluviometer. The thermometer shows a very high temperature. The anemometer is not moving. Which season is it? Explain.
Write your own description. Your partner guesses the season.
14
15
16
Read the descriptions and colour the leaves.
a deciduous tree in summer
a deciduous tree in autumn
Read the descriptions. Write the season.
a. It is the mildest season. It often rains but it is warm. The countryside changes
colour as pretty flowers and green grass start to grow. At the beginning
of the season, the days and nights are the same length. At the end, the days
are longer and the nights are shorter.
b. It is mild at the beginning but then gets colder. The countryside is pretty because
the leaves change colour. At the beginning of the season, the days and nights
are the same length. At the end, the nights are longer.
c. It is the coldest season and there is sometimes snow. At the beginning ofthe
season, the days are shorter and the nights are longer.
d. It is the hottest season. It doesnt rain very much and the countryside gets
dry. At the beginning of the season, the days are longer and the nights are
shorter. At the end, days and nights are the same length.
You are in the Northern Hemisphere. Write the season next to the date it starts.
21st December 21st March
21st June 21st September
12
13
9
brown or orangegreen
spring
autumn
winter
summer
winter spring
summer autumn
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57fifty-seven
Complete the chart for your region.
Spring Summer Autumn Winter
Temperature
Precipitation
Circle the correct answers. Then, label the photographs.
a. It measures temperature. anemometer / thermometer
b. It measures wind speed. thermometer / anemometer
c. It indicates wind direction. weather vane / pluviometer
d. It measures precipitation. pluviometer / weather vane
There is no water in the pluviometer. The thermometer shows a very high temperature. The anemometer is not moving. Which season is it? Explain.
Write your own description. Your partner guesses the season.
14
15
16
Read the descriptions and colour the leaves.
Read the descriptions. Write the season.
You are in the Northern Hemisphere. Write the season next to the date it starts.
21st December 21st March
21st June 21st September
O. A.
O. A.
O. A.
pluviometer anemometerthermometer
It is summer. It is dry. It is very hot and there is no wind.
weather vane
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58 fifty-eight
Look at the landscape. Tick the features you can see.
Find six features that change landscapes in the wordsearch. Label the photographs.
Are these features man-made or natural?
Are mountains and rivers man-made or natural features?
3
4
Look at the landscape. Write the features.
Draw and label a village and a road.
Draw the climbers at the foot of the mountain.
Write the correct definitions under the photographs.
The lowest part of the mountain.
The steep sides between the summit and the foot of the mountain.
The highest part of the mountain.
1
2
10Unit
Dibujo a lnea de un paisaje. No colorear. Hay una montaa, un ro, una planicie aluvial. Un pramo, y un valle. Dejar espacio para que los alumnos puedan dibujar un
pueblo, un embalse/un pantano, una colina y una carretera.
FootSummit Slopes
O. A.
O. A.
mountain
lake
river
valley
The highest part of the
mountain.
The steep sides between
the summit and the foot of
the mountain.
The lowest part of the
mountain.
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59fifty-nine
Look at the landscape. Tick the features you can see.
moor
flood plain
farm
road
river
valley
village
crops
mountain
small hill
Find six features that change landscapes in the wordsearch. Label the photographs.
K C T U N N E L
U H O U S E C E
F R W X C Y F Z
M O T O R W A Y
B R I D G E R X
J C R O P S M M
Are these features man-made or natural?
Are mountains and rivers man-made or natural features?
3
4
H
M C
B
T F
ouse
otorway
unnel arm
man-made features
natural features
rops
ridge
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60 sixty
Match the coastal landscape features to the definitions.
a. A group of islands.
b. A small gulf.
c. A large area of sea that bites into the land.
d. A large piece of land that sticks out into the sea.
e. A narrow piece of land surrounded by water on three sides.
f. A strip of land that connects the mainland to a peninsula.
g. An area of land completely surrounded by water.
Use information from Activity 7 to write about what you can see in these coastal landscapes.
Where do you go on holiday? Draw and describe the landscape.
Is it inland or coastal? What features are there? Why is it popular with tourists?
7
8
9
Label the picture of a coastal landscape.
gulf
cape
cliffs
bay
archipelago
peninsula
island
isthmus
Match the words to the photographs.
cliffs
coastal plains
low land
high land
flat
rocky
sand
5
6
10
A
B
island
isthmus
bay
peninsula
gulfcape
archipelago
cliffs
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61sixty-one
Match the coastal landscape features to the definitions.
peninsula
archipelago
bay
island
gulf
isthmus
cape
a. A group of islands.
b. A small gulf.
c. A large area of sea that bites into the land.
d. A large piece of land that sticks out into the sea.
e. A narrow piece of land surrounded by water on three sides.
f. A strip of land that connects the mainland to a peninsula.
g. An area of land completely surrounded by water.
Use information from Activity 7 to write about what you can see in these coastal landscapes.
Where do you go on holiday? Draw and describe the landscape.
Is it inland or coastal? What features are there? Why is it popular with tourists?
7
8
9
In A , there is
In B , there is
In C , there is
A B C
peninsula
cape
archipelago
bay
gulf
cape
peninsula
isthmus
island
an island and a bay.
an archipelago.
a peninsula and an isthmus.
O. A.
O. A.
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62 sixty-two
Match the words to the photographs. Then, answer the questions.
a. Name two plants or trees found on river banks.
b. Why is there a large variety of plants on river banks?
c. What are dams for?
d. Are reservoirs natural or man-made lakes?
e. What kind of water is found in a reservoir?
f. Name one use of water from a reservoir.
g. Is water in lakes still or flowing?
h. What is a small lake called?
Look at the photograph. Write about the features you can see in the landscape.
12
13
Use the diagram of the course of a river to complete the crossword.10
Write upper course, middle course or lower course.
a. Here the river is wide and flows slowly. It is near the mouth of the river.
b. This is near the source where the river is narrow. The river flows through the mountains. It flows very fast.
c. Here the river flows through the plains. It has a lot of water and flows slowly.
11
10
L
S M T
R S
Write upper course, middle course and lower course on the diagram.
2
5
3
4
1
6
2
3
1
6
5
4
upper course
upper course
middle course
middle course
lower course
lower course
R
I
B
U
T
A
R
Y
O
U
R
C
E
A
K
E
HE O U
E R V O R
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63sixty-three
Match the words to the photographs. Then, answer the questions.
lake
reservoir
river banks
a. Name two plants or trees found on river banks.
b. Why is there a large variety of plants on river banks?
c. What are dams for?
d. Are reservoirs natural or man-made lakes?
e. What kind of water is found in a reservoir?
f. Name one use of water from a reservoir.
g. Is water in lakes still or flowing?
h. What is a small lake called?
Look at the photograph. Write about the features you can see in the landscape.
12
13
A B C
M. A. poplar trees and reeds
The soil is very fertile.
To stop the flow of river water to create reservoirs.
man-made lakes
fresh water
M. A. drinking water
Water in lakes is still.
A small lake is called a pond.
M. A. In the picture I can see a beach, a bay,
mountains and the sea. There are lots of houses
and buildings on the coast. There is a lot of
vegetation.
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64 sixty-four
11UnitLook at the picture. Write about the characteristics of villages.
Houses:
Main square:
Streets:
Population:
Jobs:
Read the sentences about mountain villages. Circle the correct answers.
a. Mountain villages are built on mountain slopes or in valleys / in the suburbs.
b. Houses in mountain villages are different from / the same as those on the coast.
c. The walls are thin / thick to keep out the cold.
d. They have sloping / flat roofs so that the snow falls off.
e. The streets in mountain villages are steep and very wide / narrow.
Imagine you live in a mountain village.Draw your house.
1
2
Imagine you are on holiday in a coastal village. Write a postcard to your best friend,describing the village.
Draw and label two more sports which are typical of rural tourism.
Which is your favourite sport? Why?
3
4
O. A.
M. A.
The houses are low and only have one or two floors.
The important buildings, for example the church, are there.
They are short and narrow. They lead to the main square.
There are not many houses so the population is small.
There are farms so people work in farming.
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65sixty-five
Imagine you are on holiday in a coastal village. Write a postcard to your best friend,describing the village.
Draw and label two more sports which are typical of rural tourism.
Which is your favourite sport? Why?
3
4
horse riding
O. A.
O. A.
O. A.
O. A.
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66 sixty-six
Label the professions. Match them to the villages.
Use these words to write sentences about the two villages.
tourists
fertile
beaches
farms
fishing
flat
Village A
Village B
Circle the correct words about housing estates.
Housing estates are usually inside / outside village centres.
They are groups of houses that look very similar / different.
5
6
11
Read the text. Use the information to draw your own city.
The buildings in cities are very tall. Many of them have ten floors or more. As well as flats, the buildings contain offices, shops and banks. The streets are very long and wide, with lots of traffic. Many people travel around using public transport, including taxis and buses. There are lots of cars on the roads. The population of cities is very large, so there are a lot of services, such as universities, schools, hospitals, museums and sports centres.
Write the advantages and disadvantages of living in a city.
7
8
A
B
fisherman farmer
is a coastal village. There is high land. Fishing is important in this village, and
is a village on the plains. The land is flat and fertile, and there are farms.
many people who live here are fishermen. Tourists visit this village.
There are lots of houses and a castle. Tourists visit this village too.
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67sixty-seven
Read the text. Use the information to draw your own city.
The buildings in cities are very tall. Many of them have ten floors or more. As well as flats, the buildings contain offices, shops and banks. The streets are very long and wide, with lots of traffic. Many people travel around using public transport, including taxis and buses. There are lots of cars on the roads. The population of cities is very large, so there are a lot of services, such as universities, schools, hospitals, museums and sports centres.
Write the advantages and disadvantages of living in a city.
7
8
Advantages Disadvantages
Lots of services
farmer O. A.
Lots of jobs
Lots of things to do and see
Good public transport
More schools and hospitals
Lots of noise
Lots of pollution
Lots of traffic
Not much space
Very busy
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68 sixty-eight
Read and draw the missing symbols on the map. Write the square references. 12Match the parts of the city to the picture. Then, circle the correct words.
historic centre
modern district
suburbs
a. The historic centre has narrow / wide streets and the buildings are modern / historic.
b. The modern district has wide / narrow streets and the buildings are low / tall.
c. The suburbs contain shopping centres and industrial estates / churches and cathedrals.
Which part of the city do you go to?
a. You want to visit a cathedral.
b. You want to visit your friend who lives in a flat in a tall building.
c. You want to go to a shopping centre.
Look at the pictures. Write village or city.
9
10
11
11
A B C D E
historic centre
modern district
suburbs
village villagecity city city
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69sixty-nine
Read and draw the missing symbols on the map. Write the square references. 12
The university is in
square .
The sports centre is in
square .
The hospital is in
square .
The car park is in
square .
Every evening, we go to visit my grandad
in hospital. There is never any space in the hospital car park, so our Mum parks in the car park on Cambridge Street,
opposite the theatre.
I play basketball in the sports centre. My Dad takes me by car. It is in the city centre, next to the modern art museum.
I study at St. Marys University. It is in the
historic part of town, opposite the cathedral. I go with my
brother. We get there by bus.
I work in the hospital. It is on Kings Road, next to the big
supermarket. I go to work by car and park in the
hospital car park.
A
1
2
3
4
5
B C D E F
cathedral
hospital
car park
museum
sports centre
supermarket
theatre
university
CAM
BR
IDG
E S
TREE
T
CH
UR
CH
STR
EET
PA
RK
R
OA
D
HIG
H
S
TR
EE
T
M A RK E T
S TR E E
T
KINGS ROAD
B-2 F-2F-1 F-5
D
C
A
B
A
B
C
D
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70 seventy
Match the types of crops to the definitions. Write examples in the chart.
a. Food crops
Crop farmers grow plants to be transformed into other products in factories.
b. Industrial crops
Crop farmers grow plants for food.
Food crops Industrial crops
Match the sentence halves about cultivation. Then, label the pictures A E.
a. The farmer ploughs the plants with pesticides.
b. The farmer waters the seeds.
c. The farmer sows the crops when they are ripe.
d. The farmer sprays the fields to turn the soil.
e. The farmer harvests the soil and fertilises it.
What is organic farming?
1
2
Look at the photographs. Write dry crops or irrigation. Match them to the definitions.
Classify the crops.
How do tractors and greenhouses make work easier for farmers? Write sentences.
a.
b.
3
4
5
12Unit
vegetables
cereals
fruit
sugar beets
cotton
wheat
B A
ECD
M. A.
Farms that do not use any chemical products.
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71seventy-one
Look at the photographs. Write dry crops or irrigation. Match them to the definitions.
Classify the crops.
grapevines
vegetables
wheat
barley
rice
corn
oats
fruit
DRY FARMING IRRIGATION
How do tractors and greenhouses make work easier for farmers? Write sentences.
a.
b.
3
4
5
The method of growing crops in dry areas. They do not need a lot of water.
Watering plants with water from rivers or lakes, using irrigation channels orsprinklers.
A
B
irrigation
dry crops
grapevines
barley
vegetables
corn
wheat
oats
rice
fruit
Tractors help farmers save time and energy.
They are used for many things, including adding fertiliser.
Farmers grow crops in greenhouses. Greenhouses allow farmers to
control the amount of water, temperature and light.
M. A.
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72 seventy-two
Write coastal fishing, deep-sea fishing or fish farm.
a. Fishermen fish near the coast.
b. Boats have refrigerators to keep fish fresh.
c. Areas near the coast where fish farmers breed shellfish.
d. Fishermen fish a long way from the coast.
e. Fishermen use small fishing boats and nets.
f. Fishermen use big boats and modern machines.
Label the photographs underground mining and open mining. Use the words to complete the texts.
Miners extract minerals from .
These are large, open
on the land. The minerals are near
the of the Earth.
Miners work in underground mines when
are deep beneath
the Earth. They dig deep
below the surface of the Earth and use
to go up and down.
Circle four things that miners extract from beneath the ground.
8
9
10
12
Match the photographs to the livestock. Then, write examples of products they provide for us.
poultry
pigs
sheep
cattle
Name three jobs that stockbreeders use machines for.
Look at the photographs. Write I (intensive farming) or F (free-range farming).
6
7
A
B
C
D
meat
eggs
meat
skins
meat
skins
meat, milk
skins
feeding their animals, milking their animals, cleaning barns and pens
I
F
F
F
I
I
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73seventy-three
Write coastal fishing, deep-sea fishing or fish farm.
a. Fishermen fish near the coast.
b. Boats have refrigerators to keep fish fresh.
c. Areas near the coast where fish farmers breed shellfish.
d. Fishermen fish a long way from the coast.
e. Fishermen use small fishing boats and nets.
f. Fishermen use big boats and modern machines.
Label the photographs underground mining and open mining. Use the words to complete the texts.
holes
surface
quarries
Miners extract minerals from .
These are large, open
on the land. The minerals are near
the of the Earth.
tunnels
lifts
minerals
Miners work in underground mines when
are deep beneath
the Earth. They dig deep
below the surface of the Earth and use
to go up and down.
Circle four things that miners extract from beneath the ground.
gold
wheat
coal
stone
wood
silver
silk
cotton
8
9
10
A
B
coastal fishing
deep-sea fishing
fish farm
deep-sea fishing
coastal fishing
deep-sea fishing
quarries
holes
surface
minerals
tunnels
liftsunderground mining
open mining
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74 seventy-four
Match the raw materials to the manufactured products.
Which industry produces these products? Write P (primary), C (consumer) or T (technological).
a. steel c. jeans e. MP3 players
b. cars d. computers f. cement
Write one other thing produced by each industry.
Primary Technological
Consumer
Look at the photographs. Read the sentences and circle the correct words.
a. Smoke from factories can contaminate the water / air.
b. Lorries transport factory products to parks / markets.
c. Waste from factories can contaminate the water / products.
d. Industrial estates are usually outside / inside cities.
13
14
15
Circle the words related to forestry. Then, use these words to complete the sentences.
F is obtaining wood and looking after the natural resources in forests.
A l is a person who cuts down trees.
T is wood from trees that have been cut down. It is used in building and making furniture.
This wood is transported to a f where is it cut up.
Read the sentences about making jam. Match them to the pictures.
A Strawberries are collected from the field.
B Lorries transport the strawberries to the factory.
C The strawberries are made into jam.
D On the assembly line, factory workers check the jam jars.
E On the assembly line, the jam jars are put into boxes.
F The manufactured product is ready for the shops.
11
12
12
S T T F O C X L F Q
D P I D N M T Q A M
L U M B E R J A C K
U E B V W O V P T T
M H E Z E U O Z O C
F O R E S T R Y R I
K A R S J R B G Y X
C
E
F
B
A
D
orestry
umberjack
imber
actory
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75 seventy-five
Match the raw materials to the manufactured products.
Which industry produces these products? Write P (primary), C (consumer) or T (technological).
a. steel c. jeans e. MP3 players
b. cars d. computers f. cement
Write one other thing produced by each industry.
Primary Technological
Consumer
Look at the photographs. Read the sentences and circle the correct words.
a. Smoke from factories can contaminate the water / air.
b. Lorries transport factory products to parks / markets.
c. Waste from factories can contaminate the water / products.
d. Industrial estates are usually outside / inside cities.
13
14
15
P
C
C
T
T
P
M. A.
fabrics
shoes
mobile phones
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76 seventy-six
Write the jobs. Then, tick the people who work in services.
Write Public or Private.
a. services are provided by the government.
b. services are provided by individuals or private companies.
Circle the correct answers.
a. Chloe is a dentist. She provides a health / transport service. She has three dental surgeries, one in Madrid, one in San Sebastian and one in Barcelona. People pay to go to her clinic. She provides a public / private service.
b. Pauline works for the National History Museum in London. It is owned by the government. She provides a private / public service. She organises all the cultural activities related to the museum. She provides a sporting / cultural service.
c. Mariano is a receptionist in a hotel in London. He provides a private / public service. Hehelps the guests check in and makes sure they enjoy their holiday. He works incultural / tourism services.
1
2
3
Classify the jobs. Then, write one more job for each service.
Complete the text about tourism, recreational and health services. Then, use the key to circle the services.
My parents booked the holiday on the Internet, on the
travel agency website. We are staying
in a big . I like the Italian