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Intae Yu
Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Korea
Seminar @ Yonsei University, Sep 12th, 2013
Top Physics at CMS
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Seminar @ Yonsei University, Sep 12th 2013 2
Outline
• Overview of CMS Operation
• Korea CMS Group
• Doing Top Physics at LHC
• Top Production
• Top Quark Mass
• Top and W Polarization, Top Spin Correlations
• Search for New Physics In Top Quark Events
• Prospects and Summary
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Overview of CMS operation
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Seminar @ Yonsei University, Sep 12th 2013 4
CMS Run Summary
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Seminar @ Yonsei University, Sep 12th 2013 5
CMS Run Summary (cont.)
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Seminar @ Yonsei University, Sep 12th 2013 6
CMS Detector Overview
|η|<2.5 : Tracker
|η|<4.9 : EM Calorimeter
|η|<4.9 : Had Calorimeter
|η|<2.6 : Muon spectrometer
s / pT »10-4 pT Å0.005
003.0/03.0E/ E
10.0p/ T (1TeV muons)
05.0/0.1E/ E
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Seminar @ Yonsei University, Sep 12th 2013
The CMS Detector
3.8T Solenoid
ECAL 76k scintillating
PbWO4 crystals
HCAL Scintillator/brass
Interleaved ~7k ch
• Pixels (100x150 mm2)
~ 1 m2 ~66M ch
•Si Strips (80-180 mm)
~200 m2 ~9.6M ch
Pixels & Tracker
MUON BARREL 250 Drift Tubes (DT) and
480 Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC)
473 Cathode Strip Chambers
(CSC)
432 Resistive Plate Chambers
(RPC)
MUON ENDCAPS
Total weight 14000 t
Overall diameter 15 m
Overall length 28.7 m
IRON YOKE
Preshower
Si Strips ~16 m2
~137k ch
Foward Cal
Steel + quartz
Fibers ~2k ch
7
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Seminar @ Yonsei University, Sep 12th 2013 8
CMS Detector Operations
• Excellent performance during 2010-2012 run
• Data taking efficiency : 90.5% for 7 TeV, 93.5% for 8 TeV
• All components work well (> 97~98%)
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Seminar @ Yonsei University, Sep 12th 2013
9
05.0/0.1E/ E
Operational Status
0 20 40 60 80 100
muon CSC
muon RPC
HCAL Endcap
HCAL Outer
ECAL Endcap
Strips
Pixel Tracke
r
Strip Tracke
r
Preshower ECAL Barrel
ECAL Endcap
s
HCAL Barrel
HCAL Endcap
s
HCAL Forwar
d
HCAL Outer
Muon DT
Muon CSC
Muon RPC
97.1% 97.75% 97.1% 99.16%
98.54% 99.92%
99.96% 99.88% 96.88% 99.1%
97.67%
98.2%
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Korea CMS Group
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Overview of Korea CMS Group
• 8 Institutions (* New Institutions)
Chonbuk*, Chonnam, Kangwon, Korea, Kyungbook Nat’l,
Seoul Nat’l*, Sungkyunkwan, U of Seoul
• Members (2013.9)
Professors 13
Postdocs & Research Professors
16
Graduate Students 41 (23 Ph.D. Students)
Staff & Technicians 10
Total 80
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Seminar @ Yonsei University, Sep 12th 2013 12
Activities of Korea CMS Group
• Physics Analysis
- Top Physics (top cross section subgroup convener)
- Search for Exotics (W’, Stop, Charged Higgs,..)
- W Physics
- Heavy Ion Physics
• Detector & Upgrades
- RPC Gap Production
- RPC Chamber Production & Test
- RPC Commissioning (RPC commissioning coordinator)
- Muon Detector Upgrade R&D (GEM detector)
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Seminar @ Yonsei University, Sep 12th 2013 13
Korea CMS Top Group • Members
- 5 institutions (Chonnam, Kangwon, Korea, Sungkyunkwan, U. of Seoul)
• Activities
- In 2010, top pair production cross section measurement in
dilepton channel
- In 2011, top differential cross section in dilepton channel
- In 2012, the first measurement of ttbb production in dilepton channel
• Ongoing analyses
- top pair angular correlations
- top mass measurement using a new technique
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Doing Top Physics at LHC
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Top Physics at LHC
• Heaviest Elementary Particle
• Largest Yukawa Couplings to Higgs Boson
• Sensitive to New Physics at High Energy
• Important Background Events to New Physics Searches
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Top Physics at LHC
• Top quark pair production via gluon fusion at LHC energies mostly
• top → b+W (~100%)
• Top events are classified by the W decay modes as follows:
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Top Signatures at LHC
• High PT leptons
- typically, PT > 20 GeV/c
- well isolated from jets
• High Energy Jets
- ET > 20 GeV
- b-tagged
• Large Missing Transverse Energy
- 20~60 GeV
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Challenges at LHC
• Many pp interactions per beam crossing (high pile-up)
- robust reconstruction of leptons, jets, and missing energy required
• Top quark reconstruction
- jets to quarks assignment
- kinematical fits
- unfolding kinematical distributions
• Background estimation
- data-driven estimation
- multijets, W/Z+ jets, Drell-Yan, and etc
• Control of systematics
- most of the measurements limited by systematics
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Seminar @ Yonsei University, Sep 12th 2013
The challenge of 2012: 8 TeV and high pile-up
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Top Production
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Top Quark Pair Production
• ~7M top pair events produced at CMS during 2011~2012
• Predicted cross sections (NNLO+NNLL)
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Top Quark Pair Cross Section
• Consistent with QCD predictions within uncertainties
• Comparable experimental and theoretical uncertainties (±5%)
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Top Quark Pair Cross Sections at Hadron Collider
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Top Quark Pair Differential Cross Sections
• Differential cross section measurements
- constrain Monte Carlo predictions
- contribute to PDF determinations
- sensitive to new physics
• Data Analysis
- detector effects unfolded to compare with predictions
- full reconstruction of top quark kinematics
- systematic uncertainties dominate
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Seminar @ Yonsei University, Sep 12th 2013 25
Top Quark Pair Differential Cross Sections
• Lepton + Jets channel
• Normalized to 1
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Top Quark Pair Differential Cross Sections
• Dilepton channel
• Normalized to 1
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Seminar @ Yonsei University, Sep 12th 2013 27
Single Top Production
• Single top quarks are produced through charged current weak
interactions
• QCD predictions (NLO+NNLL, 7 TeV)
• The t-channel cross sections are measured at CMS
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Single Top Production
• Multivariate techniques used for optimization of sensitivity
• Consistent with QCD calculations
• Measure the CKM matrix element Vtb
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Top-Antitop Charge Asymmetry
• QCD predicts an asymmetry for produced via annihilation
- Top quark emitted along the direction of incoming quark (Tevatron)
- Top quarks emitted at larger rapidities (LHC)
- exchange of new particles modifies the asymmetry
tt qq
forward-backward asymmetry center - forward asymmetry
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Seminar @ Yonsei University, Sep 12th 2013 30
Top-Antitop Charge Asymmetry
• Tevatron observed an anomalous charge asymmetry
• CMS measurements are consistent with QCD predictions
- Dilepton: 0.050±0.043+0.010-0.039
- Lepton+Jets: 0.004±0.010±0.012
- SM: 0.0115±0.0006
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Top Pair Associated Production
• Top pair production associated with a vector boson (W or Z)
• Measure couplings between t and V
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ttbar bbbar Production
• The first measurement of ttbb production
• Measure the cross section ratioσ(ttbb)/σ(ttjj)
- ratio = 3.6±1.1(stat)±0.9(syst) %
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Top Quark Mass
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Seminar @ Yonsei University, Sep 12th 2013 34
Top Quark Mass
• Top quark decays before hadronization
→ can measure the quark mass accurately
• mt, mW, mH are related at loop level
• Challenges
- final state topology/event selection
- reconstruction of kinematics
- detector modeling (especially, jet energy calibration)
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Top Mass Measurements at Tevatron
• Tevatron Measurements
mt = 173.20±0.51(stat)±0.71(syst) GeV
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Top Mass Measurements at CMS
• Combined CMS Measurements
mt = 173.44±0.37(stat)±0.91(syst) GeV
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Top and W Polarization, Top Spin Correlations
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W Polarization in Top Decays
• W helicity is sensitive to the V-A coupling
• Measure the angular distribution between the lepton and the b quark
in the rest frame of W
NNLO QCD
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W Polarization in Top Decays
• Results consistent with NNLO QCD
• Limits on the anomalous couplings gL, gR
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W Polarization in Single Top Events
• First measurement in single top events
• Consistent with the SM and with the measurement in the top pair events
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Top Polarization
• In the SM, the top quark is produced unpolarized
• Some models predict different top quark polarizations
• Measure the polar angle of the lepton in the rest frame of the top
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Top Spin Correlations
• The SM predicts correlation of spin of the top and antitop
• Measure spin correlation coefficient using angular distribution between
leptons (Δφ)
• Sensitive to new physics
CMS 7 TeV Measurement
A = 0.24±0.02(stat)±0.08(syst)
(SM prediction: 0.31)
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Search for New Physics In Top Quark Events
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Seminar @ Yonsei University, Sep 12th 2013 44
Search for Resonant ttbar Production
• Model-independent search for the production of heavy resonances
decaying into top quark pairs mZ’ > 2.04 TeV @95% CL
mKK > 1.82 TeV @95% CL
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Seminar @ Yonsei University, Sep 12th 2013 45
Search for Resonant ttbar Production
• Model-independent search in dilepton channels
mZ’ > 1.9 TeV @ 95% CL mZ’ > 1.3 TeV @ 95% CL
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Seminar @ Yonsei University, Sep 12th 2013 46
4th Generation Quarks
• 4th generation quarks: t’, b’
• t’ → bW, b’→ tW : final states (bb + nW) : inclusive searches
• Backgrounds: top, tW, W decays
• M(q’) > 685 GeV/c2 at 95% CL where q’= t’, b’
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Prospects and Summary
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Future Run Plans of LHC
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CMS Detector Upgrades
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Future Run Plans of LHC
7-8 TeV run (~30 fb-1) : 2010 ~ 2012
- spin/parity of Higgs particle at 3~4σ
- search for SUSY and new physics
13/14 TeV run (~ 300 fb-1): ~2022 : Phase 1
- measure properties of Higgs particle
- search for new physics at higher mass scale
High luminosity 13/14 TeV run ( ~3000 fb-1): ~ 2032 : Phase 2
- measure Higgs coupling in precision
- search for Multi-TeV new physics
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Prospects for Top Physics at LHC
• The LHC will be a top factory
- 75 M top events in Phase 1 (~300 fb-1)
• Direct Measurement of the top-Yukawa coupling in ttH events
• Precise measurement of asymmetries and polarizations
• More accurate measurements of the top mass
• Search for ttbar resonances
• Top rare decays (FCNC t → Zq)
• and so many interesting topics
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Summary
• LHC successfully completed its 3-year run and delivered about 30 fb-1 of pp collision data.
• The CMS detector was working well and accumulated about 27 fb-1 between 2010 and 2012.
• Various properties of the top quark are measured precisely.
• Most measurements are limited by systematic uncertainties
• There are no evidence beyond the SM in top physics sector
• More new results using the full data will come out soon.
• In the next 20 years, the LHC will be a top factory and the properties of the top quark will be measured in precision and the discovery potential for new physics will be fully investigated.