![Page 1: Toolkit for testing CCD cameras – one of tools Pi of the Sky project Wilga 2005 1 / 27 Toolkit for testing CCD cameras Janusz Użycki Faculty of Physics](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062511/5513cc2b5503463a298b4ef0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Toolkit for testing CCD cameras – one of tools „Pi of the Sky” project
Wilga 2005
1 / 27
Toolkit for testing CCD cameras
Janusz Użycki
Faculty of PhysicsWarsaw University of Technology
![Page 2: Toolkit for testing CCD cameras – one of tools Pi of the Sky project Wilga 2005 1 / 27 Toolkit for testing CCD cameras Janusz Użycki Faculty of Physics](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062511/5513cc2b5503463a298b4ef0/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Toolkit for testing CCD cameras – one of tools „Pi of the Sky” project
Wilga 2005
2 / 27
CCD matrix(Charge-Coupled Devices)
CCD sensors are produced in full choiceof resolution and dimenstions. They areaccessible with diameter bigger than half inch.It is very important in professional astronomyapplications. The CCD sensors are low noiseand have high sensivity.
selected resolution: 2048 x 2048 pixels,15 x 15m each
![Page 3: Toolkit for testing CCD cameras – one of tools Pi of the Sky project Wilga 2005 1 / 27 Toolkit for testing CCD cameras Janusz Użycki Faculty of Physics](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062511/5513cc2b5503463a298b4ef0/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Toolkit for testing CCD cameras – one of tools „Pi of the Sky” project
Wilga 2005
3 / 27
How it worksmain idea of readout
from CCD sensor
charges vs light
making a photoexposure timephotons
empty
![Page 4: Toolkit for testing CCD cameras – one of tools Pi of the Sky project Wilga 2005 1 / 27 Toolkit for testing CCD cameras Janusz Użycki Faculty of Physics](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062511/5513cc2b5503463a298b4ef0/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Toolkit for testing CCD cameras – one of tools „Pi of the Sky” project
Wilga 2005
4 / 27
How it works
horizontal shift of charges
![Page 5: Toolkit for testing CCD cameras – one of tools Pi of the Sky project Wilga 2005 1 / 27 Toolkit for testing CCD cameras Janusz Użycki Faculty of Physics](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062511/5513cc2b5503463a298b4ef0/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Toolkit for testing CCD cameras – one of tools „Pi of the Sky” project
Wilga 2005
5 / 27
How it works
vertical shiftof chargesin a queue
![Page 6: Toolkit for testing CCD cameras – one of tools Pi of the Sky project Wilga 2005 1 / 27 Toolkit for testing CCD cameras Janusz Użycki Faculty of Physics](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062511/5513cc2b5503463a298b4ef0/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Toolkit for testing CCD cameras – one of tools „Pi of the Sky” project
Wilga 2005
6 / 27
How it works
ADCamplifier
video signal
readouthorizontal shift
![Page 7: Toolkit for testing CCD cameras – one of tools Pi of the Sky project Wilga 2005 1 / 27 Toolkit for testing CCD cameras Janusz Użycki Faculty of Physics](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062511/5513cc2b5503463a298b4ef0/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Toolkit for testing CCD cameras – one of tools „Pi of the Sky” project
Wilga 2005
7 / 27
How it works
p
n SiO2
cross-section
![Page 8: Toolkit for testing CCD cameras – one of tools Pi of the Sky project Wilga 2005 1 / 27 Toolkit for testing CCD cameras Janusz Użycki Faculty of Physics](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062511/5513cc2b5503463a298b4ef0/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Toolkit for testing CCD cameras – one of tools „Pi of the Sky” project
Wilga 2005
8 / 27
How it works
Inserting a charge into the CCD matrix
p
n
the charge inserting
egde barier
![Page 9: Toolkit for testing CCD cameras – one of tools Pi of the Sky project Wilga 2005 1 / 27 Toolkit for testing CCD cameras Janusz Użycki Faculty of Physics](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062511/5513cc2b5503463a298b4ef0/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Toolkit for testing CCD cameras – one of tools „Pi of the Sky” project
Wilga 2005
9 / 27
How it works
Potential well
confinement
![Page 10: Toolkit for testing CCD cameras – one of tools Pi of the Sky project Wilga 2005 1 / 27 Toolkit for testing CCD cameras Janusz Użycki Faculty of Physics](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062511/5513cc2b5503463a298b4ef0/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Toolkit for testing CCD cameras – one of tools „Pi of the Sky” project
Wilga 2005
10 / 27
How it works
three phases
clock signals
![Page 11: Toolkit for testing CCD cameras – one of tools Pi of the Sky project Wilga 2005 1 / 27 Toolkit for testing CCD cameras Janusz Użycki Faculty of Physics](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062511/5513cc2b5503463a298b4ef0/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Toolkit for testing CCD cameras – one of tools „Pi of the Sky” project
Wilga 2005
11 / 27
How it works
three stagesof chargemovingprocess
![Page 12: Toolkit for testing CCD cameras – one of tools Pi of the Sky project Wilga 2005 1 / 27 Toolkit for testing CCD cameras Janusz Użycki Faculty of Physics](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062511/5513cc2b5503463a298b4ef0/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Toolkit for testing CCD cameras – one of tools „Pi of the Sky” project
Wilga 2005
12 / 27
Consequence of usage the CCDWe had to use own Problems
- the CCD matrix
- control circuits- video signal amplifier- analog to digital converter (ADC)
- noise, temperature of an environment, dark current, ‘hot’ pixels, sensivity gradient
- to find the best timmings- noise, gain selection- digitalization effects: offset, non-linearity etc.
![Page 13: Toolkit for testing CCD cameras – one of tools Pi of the Sky project Wilga 2005 1 / 27 Toolkit for testing CCD cameras Janusz Użycki Faculty of Physics](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062511/5513cc2b5503463a298b4ef0/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Toolkit for testing CCD cameras – one of tools „Pi of the Sky” project
Wilga 2005
13 / 27
Solutions
- cold environment (about -10C)- noise and infra-red radiation reduction- statistical methods for analizing „black / dark photos” – finding the best parameters
Example:
CCD amplifier ADClight readout
What is a total gain of the circuit?
![Page 14: Toolkit for testing CCD cameras – one of tools Pi of the Sky project Wilga 2005 1 / 27 Toolkit for testing CCD cameras Janusz Użycki Faculty of Physics](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062511/5513cc2b5503463a298b4ef0/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Toolkit for testing CCD cameras – one of tools „Pi of the Sky” project
Wilga 2005
14 / 27
Requirements for the toolkit
for testing CCD cameras- designed for PC platform: Windows XP and 2000 systems (main platform for electronics) Linux system possible
It was used ROOT library packageand Microsoft Visual C++.
![Page 15: Toolkit for testing CCD cameras – one of tools Pi of the Sky project Wilga 2005 1 / 27 Toolkit for testing CCD cameras Janusz Użycki Faculty of Physics](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062511/5513cc2b5503463a298b4ef0/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Toolkit for testing CCD cameras – one of tools „Pi of the Sky” project
Wilga 2005
15 / 27
Requirements – continuation (1)
- read images in fits
astronomical format which is used by our aparature (there are raw data from the CCD)
![Page 16: Toolkit for testing CCD cameras – one of tools Pi of the Sky project Wilga 2005 1 / 27 Toolkit for testing CCD cameras Janusz Użycki Faculty of Physics](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062511/5513cc2b5503463a298b4ef0/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Toolkit for testing CCD cameras – one of tools „Pi of the Sky” project
Wilga 2005
16 / 27
Requirements – continuation (2)
- eliminate the offset and ‘hot’ pixels
by substraction of two successive images
![Page 17: Toolkit for testing CCD cameras – one of tools Pi of the Sky project Wilga 2005 1 / 27 Toolkit for testing CCD cameras Janusz Użycki Faculty of Physics](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062511/5513cc2b5503463a298b4ef0/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Toolkit for testing CCD cameras – one of tools „Pi of the Sky” project
Wilga 2005
17 / 27
Requirements – continuation (3)
- display pictures the preview allows to find main errors instantly
- cut egdes for analize to find the best useful part of view
![Page 18: Toolkit for testing CCD cameras – one of tools Pi of the Sky project Wilga 2005 1 / 27 Toolkit for testing CCD cameras Janusz Użycki Faculty of Physics](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062511/5513cc2b5503463a298b4ef0/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Toolkit for testing CCD cameras – one of tools „Pi of the Sky” project
Wilga 2005
18 / 27
Requirements – continuation (4)- XY histogram
single pixel distribution it allows to find min/max brightness of view
- X and Y profile (sum or average) to find unvisible errors, dark current effect for example
![Page 19: Toolkit for testing CCD cameras – one of tools Pi of the Sky project Wilga 2005 1 / 27 Toolkit for testing CCD cameras Janusz Użycki Faculty of Physics](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062511/5513cc2b5503463a298b4ef0/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Toolkit for testing CCD cameras – one of tools „Pi of the Sky” project
Wilga 2005
19 / 27
Requirements – continuation (5)- X and Y profile (projection)
histograms
- divide the image into regions and make single pixel histograms, fit Gauss distribution parameters (mean and sigma values) We can estimate where is a bad region.
![Page 20: Toolkit for testing CCD cameras – one of tools Pi of the Sky project Wilga 2005 1 / 27 Toolkit for testing CCD cameras Janusz Użycki Faculty of Physics](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062511/5513cc2b5503463a298b4ef0/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Toolkit for testing CCD cameras – one of tools „Pi of the Sky” project
Wilga 2005
20 / 27
Requirements – continuation (6)
- plot chart in mean and sigma axis to fit gain line and pitch of one (tangens of angle)
Here is an answer for question:What is a total gain of the circuit?electrons / ADU value = pitch of the line
![Page 21: Toolkit for testing CCD cameras – one of tools Pi of the Sky project Wilga 2005 1 / 27 Toolkit for testing CCD cameras Janusz Użycki Faculty of Physics](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062511/5513cc2b5503463a298b4ef0/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Toolkit for testing CCD cameras – one of tools „Pi of the Sky” project
Wilga 2005
21 / 27
CCD Toolkitin action
examples of print-screens
main window(management)
![Page 22: Toolkit for testing CCD cameras – one of tools Pi of the Sky project Wilga 2005 1 / 27 Toolkit for testing CCD cameras Janusz Użycki Faculty of Physics](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062511/5513cc2b5503463a298b4ef0/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Toolkit for testing CCD cameras – one of tools „Pi of the Sky” project
Wilga 2005
22 / 27
CCD Toolkit
in action
previewwindow(enlargement)
![Page 23: Toolkit for testing CCD cameras – one of tools Pi of the Sky project Wilga 2005 1 / 27 Toolkit for testing CCD cameras Janusz Użycki Faculty of Physics](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062511/5513cc2b5503463a298b4ef0/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Toolkit for testing CCD cameras – one of tools „Pi of the Sky” project
Wilga 2005
23 / 27
CCD Toolkit
in action
histogramsfor XY& profiles
![Page 24: Toolkit for testing CCD cameras – one of tools Pi of the Sky project Wilga 2005 1 / 27 Toolkit for testing CCD cameras Janusz Użycki Faculty of Physics](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062511/5513cc2b5503463a298b4ef0/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Toolkit for testing CCD cameras – one of tools „Pi of the Sky” project
Wilga 2005
24 / 27
CCD Toolkit
in action
profiles(projections)
![Page 25: Toolkit for testing CCD cameras – one of tools Pi of the Sky project Wilga 2005 1 / 27 Toolkit for testing CCD cameras Janusz Użycki Faculty of Physics](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062511/5513cc2b5503463a298b4ef0/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Toolkit for testing CCD cameras – one of tools „Pi of the Sky” project
Wilga 2005
25 / 27
CCD Toolkit
in action
afterdivisioninto regions
![Page 26: Toolkit for testing CCD cameras – one of tools Pi of the Sky project Wilga 2005 1 / 27 Toolkit for testing CCD cameras Janusz Użycki Faculty of Physics](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062511/5513cc2b5503463a298b4ef0/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Toolkit for testing CCD cameras – one of tools „Pi of the Sky” project
Wilga 2005
26 / 27
CCD Toolkit
in action
mean
sigm
a
exampleof badgain fittingreason: offset
![Page 27: Toolkit for testing CCD cameras – one of tools Pi of the Sky project Wilga 2005 1 / 27 Toolkit for testing CCD cameras Janusz Użycki Faculty of Physics](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062511/5513cc2b5503463a298b4ef0/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Toolkit for testing CCD cameras – one of tools „Pi of the Sky” project
Wilga 2005
27 / 27
Summary
- program is still testing and it will be developing and improving if necessary
- there is a lot of work for tuning the best parameters for our new cameras