Download - Toddlers Physical, Social, Emotional, and Intellectual Development Chapters 11, 12 and 13
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Toddlers
Physical, Social, Emotional, and Intellectual DevelopmentChapters 11, 12 and 13
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Essential QuestionsWhat is the difference between toddlers
and preschoolers?
How do toddlers develop physically?
How do toddlers develop socially and emotionally?
How do toddlers develop intellectually?
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Physical Growth and Development in Toddlers
Age 1 Age 2 Age 3
Average Height 30 in 34 38
Average Weight 23 lbs 28 lbs 33 lbs
Proportion Head, abdomen and chest all measure
about the same and grow at the same
rate
Chest becomes larger than head,
abdomen and arms. Legs and trunk grow
rapidly
Chest is larger than head and abdomen. Arms, legs and trunk
continue to grow rapidly
Posture Crawling and toddling
Stands straight but not completely erect
Back straighter, posture more
upright
Number of teeth 8 16 20
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Factors controlling quality of teeth
Diet (pregnancy and after birth)Drinking milk (pregnancy and after birth)
Brushing teethFlossing teeth
Heredity
When to start brushing?When to visit dentist?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hDZXSMU2lAk
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Large Motor Skills
1 YearWalking becomes
more steadyWalks up and
down stairs with both feet
2 YearsWalks well, climbs,
runs, jumpsKick ball
Goes up stairs with 2 feet 3 Years
Walks on tiptoes
Rides tricycleCatches ball with straight
arms
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Small Motor Skills
1 YearPincher grasp
Pull down zippers
Turn door knobs
Stack few blocks
2 YearsTurns pages of
book (1 at time)Horizontal and vertical lines
Tower 8 blocks high
3 YearsCuts inaccurately
Draws recognizable picsFork and spoonTower 10 blocks
high
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Toddlers and Self Feeding
Learn food attitudes from parents
Small stomachs (3-4 hrs)
No pressure
No rewards
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XoVfF3BACvA
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Learning Self Feeding Skills
www.baby-log.com
Practice, Practice, PracticeMessy, Messy, Messy
Practice, Practice, Practice
www.parentdish.co.uk amynnasser.photoshelter.com
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1 YearSimple foods
Limit salt and sugar
Finger foods best
Spoon skills (18 months)Drinking cup
2 YearsInclude fork useLong time and
messyTime to perfectSocial skills and family bonding
3 YearsChew with all
teethSkilled with
utensilsHealthy diet
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Good Food Choices
Bad Food Choices
DAIRY
LOW FAT
3 Cups
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Good Food Choices
Bad Food Choices
F VR EU GI ET T AA BN L D E
3 Cups
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Good Food ChoicesGRAINS
Bad Food Choices4 oz
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Good Food Choices
Bad Food Choices
MEAT
5 oz
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Making food look good for childrenInclude the following:
Color
Texture
Shape
Temperature
Ease of eating
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Dressing ChildrenPractice, practice, practice
large motor skillssmall motor skills
Commonmistakes
Learn
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When choosing clothes for toddlers, Look for….
Comfort DurabilityEconomy
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It’s finally time for POTTY TRAINING!
Between 18 months and 4 yearsPhysically and emotionally ready
Control sphincter muscleRecognize body sensations
Bowel before urineOwn sizeSounds
DO NOT PUSH
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qx-ZJ3Zyovo
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Bathing
1 Year---rub cloth over body2 Years---wash and rinse
3 Years---little help or supervision
Never leave unattendedSlip proof mat on bottom of tub
Shower when readyTurn down water temp
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Sleep Patterns in Toddlers
Toddlers start having regular sleep patterns.Around 2 yrs. no morning nap
Around 3 yrs. no afternoon nap
Eventually they will only sleep at night (8-12 hrs)
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What type of sleep disruptions occur for toddlers
FearsTrouble falling asleep (routine)
Adult presenceDistractions
Over stimulation
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SOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL
DEVELOPMENT IN TODDLERS
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Year 1 Emotions
Self centeredNegativism
Temper tantrums
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Year 2 Emotions
Speech and motor improvementMore patient
Less self centeredNot easily distracted
Independent!
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3 Year Emotions
CooperativeLove praiseFears set in
Bad habits begin
Routines can help
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Specific Emotions of ToddlersAnger
Where direct it?Fear
Common fearsJealousy
Sibling rivalryLove and affection
Future relationshipsEmpathy
Sorry
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Positive Self Concept
How we see ourselves
Actions, attitudes and comments
1-3 yrs critical
Act the part
Mastering skills (challenge them)
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Is my child developing normally?
Do they have a good relationship with you?
Do they want your praise and approval?
Do they turn to you for good and bad?
Do they tell you significant events in their life?
Do they accepts limits and discipline?
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Social Skills
Year One
Parallel play
Objects not humans
Actions do affect others
Year Two
Interaction
Communication
Do for me but not you
Fairness
Fight (forgive and forget)
Year Three
Cooperative play
Work together
Share?
Compare self to others
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Friends
For normal social development:
Children need at least one friend
If not interested, why?
Dependent upon socialization
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Imag
inar
y Fr
iend
sYes, it’s normal
Some hang around, other disappear
Good part
Bad part
How long do they stay?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jT4UuQu4YxQ
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Guiding Toddlers
Purpose of guidance is????????
This is ability to control own actions
Be sure technique is age and developmentally appropriate!
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Techniques that work!12-15 months
DistractionPhysical removal 15-24 months
DistractionPhysical removalSpoken
restrictions
2 years
Spoken command
ExplanationReasoning 3 years
Reasonable, loving
guidance
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fVFt7Ahs8gw
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How do I teach my child to share?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=msJ9KDxGZOs
Role model
Activities that require sharing
Limit materials
Pass out snacks/treats
Sharing words
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Stacey, who is four, was playing with blocks at her child care center.
Another child the age came to the block area and began to play also.
Stacey protested that the blocks were for her to play with. One of the
center’s staff heard them talking.
Can the work it out on their own?Explain sharing? Work together on something?
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For the holiday, three year old Johnny and his two year old brother Randy
both received coloring books. Randy like the characters in his brother’s coloring book and tried to take it.
Johnny got mad and tried to get it back. Their parents heard the argument and
came to see what was happening.Do you have to share gifts?Distract randy by showing him his picturesAsk if sharing would be ok. Trade 1 page each?
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Megan and her neighbor Sondra are playing in the sandbox in Megan’s back
yard while Megan’s father watches them. They are both 18 months old. Sondra reaches for a toy that Megan
wants. She pushes Sondra and grabs the toy herself. Sondra falls down into the
sandbox and starts to cry.Give to to Sondra (meagan needs to)Give Megan another toy for distraction?
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Charlie, who is two, and Carrie, who is three, are at the pool with their
mother. She is taking turns giving them rides around the pool. Carries gets mad because she says Charlie has gotten more rides than she has.
Mom reinforce fairness/sharingShow how it is fair
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Ben, who is almost two, has gotten into the emergency candle drawer where his parents keep matches. His father
catches him.
Tell him matches are bad?Remove him form the areaDistract him with something appropriate
Move the matches?
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Intellectual Development
in Toddlers
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ROLE OF INTELLIGENCEIntelligence is…
the ability to interpret or understand everyday situations and to use that experience when faced with new situations or problems.
Intelligence is shaped by heredity because…..
Intelligence is shaped by environment because…
Toddlers and preschoolers form their attitudes toward learning that will last a life time. If curiosity is
encouraged, the child develops a positive attitude toward learning
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METHODS OF LEARNINGIncidental Learning Trial and Error Learning
Imitation Directed Learning
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What is a concept?
This is how toddlers organize information they receive from the outside world.
color shapeSIZETIME
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Intellectual Activity
Intellectual activity is broken down into 7 areas
All of these areas develop throughout life but are
especially remarkable from years one to three.
The mind at work!
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1. ATTENTIONWhat are your senses taking in right now?
see pictures, read words, light in the room, neighbors reaction, smells, room temperature, people being rude and talking…
You have learned
to block a lot of this
out, children cannot do that.
Children are easily distracted.
This develops with age. A 3 year old has a
longer attention span than a 1 year old has
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2. MEMORY
Without memory, there would
be no learning.
As children age, their
memory gets better.
Memory increases with age.
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3. PERCEPTION
As children gain new information, their brain begins
to organize itself.
Talking to children and using descriptive words will help a child become more perceptive
Answering all the “why” questions will help to improve
their perception.
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4. REASONINGThis is basic to the ability to
solve problems and make
decisions. It is also important in
recognizing relationships and
forming concepts.
Toddlers learn to make good
decisions through practice---give
them a chance!
When giving them choices, keep them limited and simple
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5. IMAGINATION
This becomes apparent at about 2 years—scientists are uncertain if
babies have imaginations.
Children use their imagination to connect what they see and hear
with themselves.
Until the age of 5, children don’t understand the difference between
reality and imagination
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6. C
REAT
IVIT
Y
Imagination is used to produce creativity
The end result is usually a product (painting..)
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7. CURIOSITY
This is what
causes children
to wonder WHY!
Children begin to
have new experiences
and explore---they are curious.
NEVER stifle a child’s ability to learn and explore.
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Planning ActivitiesFor each ability listed, come up with an activity, toy or game for a toddler that promotes that learning.
Attention
Categorizing
Creativity
Curiosity
Imagination
Memory
Perception
Reasoning
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HELPING TO GUIDE LEARNING
• TAKE ADVANTAGE OF SIMPLE LEANING ACTIVITIES such as
• GIVE ONLY AS MUCH HELP AS THE CHILD NEEDS such as
•ENCOURAGE CHILDREN TO DRAW THEIR OWN CONCLUSIONS such as
• KEEP EXPLAINATIONS SIMPLE AND ON CHILD’S LEVEL such as
• TAKE FREQUENT BREAKS because
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PLAY ACTIVITIES AND TOYS
Toys are an important part of play.
Toys allow children to use their…
Toys encourage development of…
Toys help children learn to …
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EVALUATING TOYS FOR TODDLERS
Durable Safety Ease of cleaning
Imagination
Colorful Easy to handle
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AGE APPROPRIATE TOYS
1-2 YEARS• Learn through
exploration•Household objects
• Swings• Balls• Dolls
• Simple puzzles
2-3 years• Child imitates adults• Household toys (play
kitchen…)• Crayons• Books
• Large blocks• sandbox
3-4 years
• Emphasis on small motor skills
• Dressing dolls• Cars/trucks
• Clay/color/paint• Puzzles• Tricycles
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SPEECH DEVELOPMENTThe first 3 years of life are the “window of opportunity” for
learning words.
Children’s language development is strongly
influenced by how caregivers and older children speak to
them.
Children vary greatly in their timing of speaking skills.
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BASIC SPEECH DEVELOPMENT FOR INFANTS
FOR ONE YEAR OLDS• Speak in a clear,
engaging way• Encourage them to talk
back• Talk a lot
FOR TWO YEAR OLDS• They start combining
words• Make short sentences• Use basic rules of grammar (pronouns)
FOR THREE YEAR OLDS• Use more words in sentences (3-6 words)
• They tend to add “s” to end of words (foots)
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SPEECH DIFFICULTIESSome children are “late talkers”. If a child doesn’t understand what is being said or speaks very little
they should be evaluated by a professional.
Speech language pathologistIt is important for children to be identified and helped as early as
possible.
Some common causes of speech problems are poor hearing, mental
retardation, learning disabilities, and emotional problems.
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SPEE
CH P
ROBL
EMS
Many children have problems with articulation.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T6HODq0IkBo
It is common for some children to skip syllables of words or leave off endings of words.
As a parent/caregiver, avoid constantly correcting a child’s speech problems. It makes
the child feel more insecure.
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Stuttering
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=da6xnm5feV4
Stuttering is a more serious problem. This occurs because their speaking and thinking abilities are immature. Sometimes their
mind goes faster than their mouth.
Cause of stuttering is not completely understood.
As a parent/caregiver, do not finish the word for the child. You may think you are being kind but you are not helping the child
to speak better.
Children with speech problems need extra love. Ridicule and correction only make the problem worse.
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You think you know all about toddlers? Great.Now you get to learn all
about pre-schoolers!You are NEVER done
learning.