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Today’s Marijuana – its effect on our kids
March 13, 2014
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¡ A volunteer-run, non-profit organization dedicated to minimizing the negative consequences of legalized marijuana in Colorado, particularly for our youth.
¡ Formed March 1, 2013, after Amendment 64 passed, in response to observation that marijuana policy was being dominated and driven by for-profit marijuana industry. We were concerned that the health, safety and well-being of Colorado youth were not being considered.
¡ Concerned how increased marijuana commercialization will impact our communities, the state and our adolescents.
Who is Smart Colorado?
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Amendment 64 allows:
¡ The possession of 1 oz. or less of marijuana, (about 30 joints) also includes concentrates
¡ Individual adults may grow 6 plants (in enclosed, locked space)
¡ Adults may consume marijuana (not openly and publicly or in a manner that endangers others)
¡ Four different licenses: marijuana cultivation, testing, product manufacturing, retail marijuana store
¡ Cities and counties may opt out of allowing the sale, cultivation, testing and production of recreational marijuana in their jurisdiction. (Colorado Springs has, Denver has NOT)
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Amendment 64 limits:
¡ Applies only to persons 21 and older, unlike medical marijuana which is for 18+
¡ Employers may have policies that restrict employee use of marijuana, even zero tolerance for off-site consumption
¡ Landlords and other property owners may prohibit conduct related to marijuana on that property, including possession, consumption, use, sale, and growing
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Commercialization of Marijuana in Denver
¡ 344 marijuana shops in total will be in Denver ¡ 217 medical marijuana shops (mmj), more than
Starbucks, McDonalds, or liquor stores ¡ 127 recreational pot shops (rec mj), applied by 1/31/14 ¡ Compared to 21 total mj shops in Seattle, city same
size as Denver
¡ 958 marijuana facilities in total will be in Denver ¡ 544 Cultivation facilities (365 mmj, 179 rec mj) ¡ 66 Marijuana Infused products facilities (37 mmj, 29 rec) ¡ 4 Testing facilities ¡ 344 total marijuana retail shops
As of 1/31/14 Denver Excise and Licensing
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Today’s Marijuana in Colorado ¡ It is not like marijuana from your college days ¡ Extremely potent, THC levels 4 times higher than in
1980s, and 2xs higher than 90’s.
¡ Smoking is only half of the story ¡ Today’s marijuana is frequently eaten or vaporized
¡ Brownies are so yesterday ¡ Anything and everything can become a marijuana
infused product
¡ Marijuana concentrate is available ¡ highly potent, 75-90% THC ¡ Vaporized or smoked
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Youth marijuana use on the rise ¡ Resurgence of marijuana use after more than a
decade of decline*
¡ Average age for first use marijuana is 14 years old**
¡ In Colorado, marijuana, not alcohol, is the number 1 reason adolescents are admitted to substance abuse programs**
¡ 1 in 6 adolescents who use casually become addicted vs. 1 in 9 adults***
¡ In the last year, over 20% of new medical marijuana patients are between 18-20****
¡ Currently 5,638 18-20 yr olds have medical marijuana cards, a 40% increase from 2012.****
*Monitoring the Future National Survey Results on Drug Use 2012 Overview, 2013 **National Survey on Drug Use and Health, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2012 *** Crean et al.. An Evidence based-review of acute and long-term effects of cannabis use on executive cognitive functions, 2011 ****Colorado Department Public Health & Environment March 2013
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Medical Marijuana States Have Higher Youth Rates
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Marijuana Use Highest Among 18-20
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“Pot Problems in Schools Increase with Legalization” Denver Post lead story 11/11/13
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Denver’s youth marijuana use higher than national average
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Denver Ranks Above the Rest
Healthy Kids Colorado Survey 2011
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Impacts of Early Marijuana Use
¡ Marijuana affects adolescents differently than adults due to brain development which continues until about 25 yrs.
¡ Studies show marijuana can permanently change and damage teen brains*
¡ Affects the hippocampus (critical for learning and memory) and the prefrontal cortex (governs complex decision making and analysis)
¡ Affects processing, memory, perception, judgment and motor skills, also diminishing academic performance and motivation
*Meier, M.H., et al. Persistent Cannabis Users Show Neuropsychological Decline From Childhood to Midlife, 2012.
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Scientific Studies Early Marijuana Use ¡ Heavy youth marijuana users reduced their IQ
levels as much as 8 points* ¡ comparable to IQ reductions from early childhood lead exposure
¡ cognitive declines affect chronic adult users as well, but are more dramatic for teens
¡ Association with long-term psychological effects such as psychosis and schizophrenia
¡ Even moderate cannabis use (weekly) increases risk for major depression**
¡ Adolescents who use daily are 2.5 times more likely to develop anxiety disorders***
¡ Teens who use daily had more difficulty performing memory tasks and had abnormal brain structure similar to schizophrenics.****
*Madeline H. Meier et al 2012
**Fairman, B. J., & Anthony, J. C. 2012. Fergusson, D. M., Horwood, L. J., & Swain-Campbell, N. 2002 *** Hall & Degenhardt 2012
****Smith, Cobia, et al., Schizophrenia Bulletin 2013
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Marijuana messages sold to our kids ¡ Marijuana is an all-natural wellness product; an herb
that is not harmful
¡ It is a cure-all that helps with ADHD, concentration, sleep issues, headaches, anxiety, depression, OCD, menstrual cramps
¡ Getting high is an acceptable recreational activity
¡ Marijuana messaging gets to our kids through music, pop culture, advertising on-line, in magazines and newspapers, with primetime TV commercials coming next.
¡ Marijuana is glorified and politicized
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Marijuana Edibles
¡ Huge, multi-million dollar industry that is growing, estimated 38% of the market
¡ Very few regulations and no limitations on “types” that can be sold
¡ Made to be “palatable” and “discreet”
¡ Creates confusion with regular food and accidental ingestions
¡ Marketed to be attractive to adolescents
¡ Infused, sprayed or baked into food
¡ Almost any food can become a marijuana edible (baked goods, candy, soda, chips, ice cream, pizza, bbq sauce, salad dressing, etc…)
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Colorful sweets highly attractive to children
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Infused with Sugar and Fruit Flavors
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The industry infuses childhood favorites
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Kids breakfast cereal sprayed with marijuana concentrate
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Even toddler’s food, goldfish, can become a marijuana edible
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Increased visits to ER due to marijuana
¡ Children’s Hospital saw new category of patients (children) being rushed to ER due to unintentional marijuana ingestion ¡ 2005-2009 there were 0 cases of
admissions from accidental marijuana ingestions
¡ After 2009, and rise of dispensaries, 14 reported emergencies at Children’s Hospital*
Wang, Mountain Poison Control and Drug, 2013
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High Potency Marijuana Concentrates
¡ Highly potent, 75-90% THC, comes in liquids or solids
¡ Not legally sold to consumers anywhere else in the world, even Netherlands
¡ 1 oz. equivalent to 2,800 servings (at 10mg/serving)
¡ Very portable and discreet -1 oz. fits in a pants pocket
¡ 1 oz. enough to provide marijuana to every student at East High School
¡ Smoked or vaporized - electronic cigarettes, in cars or other individual discreet looking vapor pens, mini hookas etc…
¡ Tourist can buy 700 servings at once – more than they can consume in state
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Wax Dabbing – concentrate in a solid form
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Made to be hidden (Industry say’s it’s not marketing to kids)
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Asthma inhaler or pot vaporizer?
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E-Cigarettes or Vaporizers
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Marijuana Exposure Linked to Increased Use
¡ Examples of Increased Exposure ¡ Billboard near Broncos stadium calling Marijuana “A Safer
Choice” ¡ Denver doesn’t prohibit marijuana use in front yards ¡ 4/20 pot rally in Civic Center Park draws thousands and gets
media coverage ¡ Denver County Fair adds a “Pot Pavilion” where pot plant, pot
edibles, homemade bongs will be judged, and a speedy joint-rolling contest will be held
¡ Denver Post adds marijuana-dedicated section called “The Cannabist”
¡ Advertising in papers like Westwood, marijuana magazines available in convenient stores, restaurants etc.
¡ Radio and primetime television ads
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Perception of harm dropped dramatically with youth
As perception of harm goes down, use goes up*
• Studies show a direct correlation
• Perceived risk of regular marijuana use has gone down to 39.5% in 2013, from 70-80% in early 1990’s**
• 61% of DPS seniors have used marijuana***
*Denver Office of Drug Strategy, Proceedings of Denver Epidemiology Work Group 3/1/11 **NIH’s 2013 Monitoring the Future Survey ***Healthy Kids Corlorado Survey 2011-12
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Marijuana The Next Big Tobacco
¡ Similarities between Big Tobacco, decades ago, and today’s budding marijuana industry
¡ Health claims on their product, despite associated risks
¡ Encouraging use at a young age to secure future customers
¡ Making their product attractive to kids
¡ Safety claims contrary to science
¡ Influencing public policy through political pressure, lobbying and funding political candidates
¡ Both industries now using the E-cigarettes
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Big Tobacco Eyeing Big Marijuana
¡ “The use of marijuana ... has important implications for the tobacco industry in terms of an alternative product line. [We] have the land to grow it, the machines to roll it and package it, the distribution to market it.” From a report commissioned by cigarette manufacturer Brown and Williamson (now merged with R.J. Reynolds) in the 1970s.
¡ Altria, the parent company of Phillip Morris, recently bought the web domain names: AltriaCannabis.com and AltriaMarijuana.com
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Colorado Implements Most Permissive Marijuana Laws
in the World
¡ No meaningful limitations to commercialization ¡ production limits, caps on businesses, limit on number of licenses issued
¡ No limitations on THC strength, potency ¡ over 15% THC in the Netherlands is considered a hard drug like heroin
and cocaine
¡ No limitations on types of edibles
¡ Advertising and promotions restrictions not clear ¡ TV advertising permitted on primetime programs
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Washington state is much more restrictive than Colorado ¡ Limiting commercialization by allowing retail stores
to be based on population. ¡ Seattle only allowed 21 recreational marijuana shops,
compared to Denver’s soon to be over 300 shops
¡ Caps on overall marijuana production
¡ Prohibition on marijuana concentrate
¡ Much higher taxes (75%)
¡ No home grows allowed
¡ Limits and restrictions on edibles
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SMART Colorado 2014 Legislative Initiatives
Aim to Protect Colorado Kids
¡ Penalties, fines and suspensions that discourage marijuana establishments from selling to minors
¡ Potency Limits
¡ Public awareness, education and science curriculum ¡ Targeted at middle and high school students and the general
public ¡ Based on the latest science
¡ Restrictions on edibles and marijuana concentrates
¡ Proper funding and structural support for data collection
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Summary ¡ Visit us at www.smartcolorado.org to donate and for more
information
¡ Sign up to received updates about timely policy decisions that impact Colorado youth
¡ Learn how early marijuana use impacts the still developing adolescent brain
¡ Consider contacting your city council representative; attend public hearings; testifying to voice your concerns
¡ Encourage your elected officials to protect our kids and communities by limiting marijuana commercialization and implementing policies that reduce youth marijuana consumption
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Drugged Driving Increases
Overall traffic fatalities decreased in Colorado 16 % between 2006-2011, but fatalities involving drivers testing positive for marijuana increased 114%.*
* The Legalization of Marijuana in Colorado: The Impact Aug. 2013
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¡ More high school students have smoked a joint (22%) than a cigarette (16%) in the last 30 days*
¡ 57% of high school students say it is easy or sort of easy to get marijuana*
¡ More students see greater risk of harm from regular alcohol use than from regular marijuana use
¡ 42% of high school students perceive no or slight risk from regular marijuana use*
¡ More students drove or rode with a driver after smoking marijuana than after drinking alcohol*
¡ More high school students used marijuana on school grounds than alcohol*
*Healthy Kids Colorado Survey, 2011-2012
Youth Marijuana Use In Colorado
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Youth Marijuana Use in Denver ¡ 1 in 10 DPS seniors are using marijuana on a daily or
near daily basis*
¡ 32% of DPS seniors have used marijuana in the last month*
¡ 14% of DPS students tried marijuana before they were 13*
¡ 10% of DPS high school students have used marijuana at school*
¡ 10% of DPS high school students have driven after using marijuana*
*Healthy Kids Colorado Survey 2011-2012
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Municipal Regulation as of 1/10/14
¡ 85 prohibit retail marijuana
¡ 27 permit retail marijuana
¡ 33 have moratoria in place
Colorado Municipal League reports more than half (53.1%) of municipal actions
have prohibited retail marijuana.
https://www.cml.org/uploadedFiles/CML_Site_Map/_Global/MMJ/election_mmj_recreational.pdf