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Title: Beyond Biofuels
NOW!
Feasible, affordable, scalable, sustainable…
Not use agricultural land
Not use freshwater
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©Trent/NASA ARC/18Nov09
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Botryococcus braunii
Gasoline (65%)
Kerosene (15%)
Diesel (18%)
Oil (3%)
Algal colony
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Biodiesel crops and production:
Plant Gal/acre-yr Barrels/yr
Soybeans 50 >10,000,000
Sunflower 100 > 1,000,000
Canola 160 >10,000,000
Jatropha 200? some, not much
Palm Oil 600 >10,000,000
Microalgae 2,000 to 5,000 ~0.1
from: Benemann 2009. Algae Biomass Summit
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select cultivate
harvest
extract
purify
biofuels
process
separate
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Open circulating ponds(raceways)
Algae cultivationsystems on land…
Closed bioreactors
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What’s wrong with this picture?
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Bioreactor
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Algal Bioreactor
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What’s wrong with this picture?
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1: Open circulating ponds(raceways)
There are challenges growing
algae on land…
2: Closed photobioreactors(PBRs)
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What about collecting algae
from the ocean?
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Harvest wild algae?
Too dilute
Spatially/temporally dispersed
Species composition wrong
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O ffshore
M embrane
E nclosures for
G rowing
A lgae
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Solar Energy
Gas exchange
CO2
O2
Temperaturecontrol
wave energy mixing
OMEGA
Nutrients/CO2
wastewater
Osmosis
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osmosisosmosis
osmosis
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Wastewater Processing
CO2 Sequestration
CO2
O2
DZ remediation
Algae products
OMEGABenefits?
Nu
trie
nt
recl
amat
ion
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OMEGA Logistics?
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Gas-permeable membrane
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How realistic is OMEGA?
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Are we up to the engineering challenge?
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BiofuelsFertilizerBiochar etc.
BiofuelsFertilizerBiochar etc.
Dewatering Dewatering
Treated Waste-water
Treated Waste-water
OMEGA System
trent 5/30/09
Nutrients (NPK)
Ocean (3.5% salt)Ocean (3.5% salt)
OMEGAOMEGA
WaterWater
AlgaeAlgae
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The stone age didn’t end because we ran out of stones… Yamani
There is no limit to what you can accomplishIf you don’t care who gets the credit... Truman
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A challenge and a call to action…
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