![Page 1: TIME BASED SEPARATION · Introduction • Aim - Improve landing rate resilience to headwind conditions on final approach • How - Change from distance based separation to time](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f25ae99f5da16400564a9b6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Heathrow Concept of Operation
TIME BASED SEPARATION
![Page 2: TIME BASED SEPARATION · Introduction • Aim - Improve landing rate resilience to headwind conditions on final approach • How - Change from distance based separation to time](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f25ae99f5da16400564a9b6/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Introduction
• Aim - Improve landing rate resilience to headwind conditions on final approach
• How - Change from distance based separation to time based separation rules
• Tools to support the safe application of Time Based Separation (TBS) between wake pairs
2
![Page 3: TIME BASED SEPARATION · Introduction • Aim - Improve landing rate resilience to headwind conditions on final approach • How - Change from distance based separation to time](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f25ae99f5da16400564a9b6/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Headwind affect on landing rate
3
Normal Landing Rate – Light Headwind
![Page 4: TIME BASED SEPARATION · Introduction • Aim - Improve landing rate resilience to headwind conditions on final approach • How - Change from distance based separation to time](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f25ae99f5da16400564a9b6/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Headwind affect on landing rate
4
Normal Landing Rate – Light Headwind
Reduced Landing Rate – Strong Headwind
![Page 5: TIME BASED SEPARATION · Introduction • Aim - Improve landing rate resilience to headwind conditions on final approach • How - Change from distance based separation to time](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f25ae99f5da16400564a9b6/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Heathrow wind delay
5
Wind is the biggest cause of Heathrow ATFM delay
![Page 6: TIME BASED SEPARATION · Introduction • Aim - Improve landing rate resilience to headwind conditions on final approach • How - Change from distance based separation to time](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f25ae99f5da16400564a9b6/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
DBS/TBS Minima
Nautical Miles 3 4 5 6 7 8
TBS equivalent (seconds) 68 90 113 135 158 180
![Page 7: TIME BASED SEPARATION · Introduction • Aim - Improve landing rate resilience to headwind conditions on final approach • How - Change from distance based separation to time](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f25ae99f5da16400564a9b6/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
Effect on Distance Between Aircraft
L igh t H eadw ind
90s = 4N M
S trong H eadw ind
90s = 3 .5N M
90s = 4 .25N M
L igh t T a ilw ind
IA S = S teady 160ktM ean G S = 160kt
IA S = S teady 160ktM ean G S = 141kt
IA S = S teady 160ktM ean G S = 169kt
![Page 8: TIME BASED SEPARATION · Introduction • Aim - Improve landing rate resilience to headwind conditions on final approach • How - Change from distance based separation to time](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f25ae99f5da16400564a9b6/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
Indicators
![Page 9: TIME BASED SEPARATION · Introduction • Aim - Improve landing rate resilience to headwind conditions on final approach • How - Change from distance based separation to time](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f25ae99f5da16400564a9b6/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
Indicators
• Linked to preceding aircraft• A reference for separation
Separation Indicators
TEAM• Required diagonal separation displayed
• In trail and not in trail indicators calculated
• Maximum constraint displayed
![Page 10: TIME BASED SEPARATION · Introduction • Aim - Improve landing rate resilience to headwind conditions on final approach • How - Change from distance based separation to time](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f25ae99f5da16400564a9b6/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
• Distance indicators– TBS indicator
distance– Actual distance from
indicator
• Aircraft/indicator pairing
Quick Look Tools
10
![Page 11: TIME BASED SEPARATION · Introduction • Aim - Improve landing rate resilience to headwind conditions on final approach • How - Change from distance based separation to time](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f25ae99f5da16400564a9b6/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
TBS System Overview
AMAN
METRULES
RADAR SEQUENCE
Heathrow Approach
NODE
Heathrow Tower
ATM
TBSENGINE
![Page 12: TIME BASED SEPARATION · Introduction • Aim - Improve landing rate resilience to headwind conditions on final approach • How - Change from distance based separation to time](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f25ae99f5da16400564a9b6/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
TBS Landing Rate Recovery
Normal Landing Rate – Light Headwind
Reduced Landing Rate – Strong Headwind
TBS Landing Rate – Strong Headwind
![Page 13: TIME BASED SEPARATION · Introduction • Aim - Improve landing rate resilience to headwind conditions on final approach • How - Change from distance based separation to time](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f25ae99f5da16400564a9b6/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
• TBS applied to wake pairs only• Indicators displayed for wake pairs, not in
trail and some spacing separations– No indicators for minimum radar pairs
• Mode-S derived winds used for TBS tool calculations
• No Electronic Flight Data on Heathrow Approach– Sequence determined automatically by system
– Aircraft detected when it turns on to base-leg– Indicators displayed later to controller
Adaptations from SESAR P6.8.1
13
![Page 14: TIME BASED SEPARATION · Introduction • Aim - Improve landing rate resilience to headwind conditions on final approach • How - Change from distance based separation to time](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f25ae99f5da16400564a9b6/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
Benefits
Flight cancellations due to strong
headwinds would be minimised
Reduce ATFM delays due to strong
headwinds on final approach by up to 50%
Save over 80,000 minutes of delay per annum through
recovering lost landing rate
![Page 15: TIME BASED SEPARATION · Introduction • Aim - Improve landing rate resilience to headwind conditions on final approach • How - Change from distance based separation to time](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f25ae99f5da16400564a9b6/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Tower and Approach
ATCOs trained how
to use indicators
ATC Procedures
will be written and published
KEY ACTIONS
Working with the UK regulator
Switch indicators on with current distance
based rules
Consolidate using
indicators with
familiar DBS rules
Further training in simulator
before moving to TBS rules
Operational Spring 2015
15
![Page 16: TIME BASED SEPARATION · Introduction • Aim - Improve landing rate resilience to headwind conditions on final approach • How - Change from distance based separation to time](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f25ae99f5da16400564a9b6/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Thanks for your attention
16
Please visit the stand, 890